The Road to LENR goes through High Pressure Physics.

On this special day in LENR history, it’s time to step back and look at the big picture. When you are trying to find your way, it's good to know what road that you are on.

That road to LENR goes through high pressure physics. This specialized field is a very difficult one because the means to experiment in this field takes imagination and luck. But the proof that high pressure chemistry can produce heat from nuclear processes is found beyond any question inside the cores of planets.

If you take a look at the latest data from the Pluto flyby, you can see another cosmological mystery rear its head that can be well explained by metalized hydrogen and compressed water as a LENR heat source.

http://www.sciencemag.org/news…o-alive-where-heat-coming

Pluto is alive—but where is the heat coming from?

http://www.space.com/29968-plu…os-active-icy-worlds.html

New Photos of Pluto and Moon Surprise, Puzzle Scientists.

There is a tremendous amount of heat coming from the interior of Pluto and its small satellite; so much so, that the surface of Pluto is resurfaced by the eruption of ice from the interior of Pluto. Also there is a constant replenishment of the nitrogen atmosphere of Pluto from the interior.

The standard causes given for planetary heat production do not apply to Pluto, that being heat from the sun, radioactive decay, and friction caused by tidal stretching. Pluto should be a cold dark rock floating alone in outer space without any means of producing energy, but miraculously it does and it does it on its own hook.

Furthermore, there is evidence that other smaller free standing bodies in the Kuiper belt sometimes called the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, are at the far edge of the solar system are producing their own internal heat.

Ceres is another supposedly frozen world that has a liquid core. That core has produced an ice volcano 3 miles high made of salt from the boiling hot salt sea that rolls under its frozen surface. There are a dozen craters whose bottoms are filling with salt as the water from the salted sea at its core rise to the surface and evaporate into the vacuum of space.

Water Found on Dwarf Planet Ceres, May Erupt from Ice Volcanoes - See more at: http://www.space.com/24366-dwa…html#sthash.L2eke6gM.dpuf

Many more examples of this mysterious thermal process abound throughout the solar system; although to date most KBOs still appear spectrally featureless due to their faintness, there have been a number of successes in determining their composition. In 1996, Robert H. Brown et al. obtained spectroscopic data on the KBO 1993 SC, revealing its surface composition to be markedly similar to that of Pluto, as well as Neptune's moon Triton, possessing large amounts of methane ice. Even our moon has a liquid core.

Now being so informed, LENR theory seems to be converging on a special form of metastable hydrogen produced in the fractured lattice of metals. The question remains is what kind of hydrogen are we looking for. The evidence from the heat produced inside these dwarf planets can now well inform are conclusions.

In order to reproduce this nuclear heat source from chemistry, ways that produce the huge pressures inside these cold planets must be found. Experiment over these last 27 years have shown the way to do this seems to lay in nanotechnology and lattice compression of gases inside metal lattice imperfections and of course cavitation.

This new science handmaiden to LENR is not contrary to existing science, it is just new, obscure, and largely unexplored. The naysayers really don’t know everything that the universe can do, but arrogance and the certitude of Know-It-All-ism abounds in human nature.

Quote from ogfusionist

Axil,
Nice summary, but "That road to LENR goes through high pressure physics" is not true. This special form of hydrogen fusion is a catalytic reaction requiring no high pressure. The proton proximity for the fusion event is a surface catalysis. This resembles stellar fusion without the need for so called gravity. It is interesting how we completely misunderstand why matter is collapsing and need to invent gravity as an explanation.

One of the interesting characteristics of the Rossi system is how it is partitioned into two stages; a fuel preparation stage and an on-line operational stage.

As always, the devil is in the details. The purpose of the fuel preparation stage is to produce the special hydrogen form that amplifies the LENR process. Peter Glick has coined the term LENR+, or amplified LENR as opposed to LENR which is the rudimentary weak Surface Plasmon Polariton(SPP) only reaction. The nickel particles are sintered using a DC arc that produces the fractured nickel lattice structure that compresses the hydrogen into the special LENR active form in the on-line stage. The shock wave from the electric arc and the carbon and lithium additives lower the pressure required for metalize hydrogen to form inside the porous nickel lattice.

After the fuel preparation stage has completed, it is interesting to note that the nickel and hydrogen are not yet LENR active. They remain inactive until they are placed on- line and subjected to heat and other electromagnetic stimulation. It is this stimulative stage that creates the catalytic form that you refer to, the Surface Plasmon Polariton stage.

This simulative stage produces the Surface Plasmon Polariton covering on the surface of the metalized hydrogen which supports Bose condensation of the hydrogen solid nanoparticle.

But more generally, there is a characteristic crystal structure that all LENR amplifiers must adhere to, that being the hexagonal structure of graphite.

On the new E Cat X, Rossi uses a mica sheet separator between the central heater layer and the fueled layer to format the heat photons into a vortex soliton. Other like hexagonal materials used in LENR reactor construction include, iron oxide, Rare earth oxides, alumina, SmCo magnets, quartz, and perovskites.

@Wyttenbach

The LENR reaction cannot involve any relation between an electron and a nucleus because of the extreme temperatures that the LENR reaction can operate at. The temperatures inside planets can get up to 20,000C or 30,000C and LENR experiments here on earth are beyond any ionization temperature that electrons can resist.

There is another force involved that keeps LENR protected in condensed matter at extreme temperatures above the ionization point of electrons. This protective force is integral to the many miracles that the LENR reaction demonstrates.