Edmund Storms: How basic behavior of LENR can guide a search for an explanation

    • Official Post

    Edmund Storms have wrote this article recently, updating previous articles.
    How basic behavior of LENR can guide a search for an explanation
    The discussion on theory is structured differently from previous version of the article.
    Worth reading even for those used to the previous articles.


    [news=127,meta][/news]

  • Hi All


    In reply to AlainCo.


    I get the same problem it says: Access denied. You’re not authorized to view this page.


    Check file permissions on file and the folder it is in.


    Perhaps you posted it with admin privileges.


    Create a normal user account for posting attachments perhaps.


    Kind Regards Walker

  • ED Storms:


    Quote

    "If a novel mechanism is proposed to concentrate energy in order to cause nuclear fusion, why it is not found to affect chemical reactions? After all, if such a process were possible, it would be expected to operate in normal chemicals and cause chemical effects"


    The novel mechanism is Bose condensation via super-absorption produced by high pressure modification of the hydride chemical bonds which produces hydrogen bond symmetry. High pressure hydrogen chemistry is only applicable in processes involved in catalysis involving a subset of LENR specific crystal structures(hexagonal).

  • Ed Storms:


    "Normally, nuclear reactions of any kind are not affected by the chemical environment because the energy states are too different and local energy density cannot be increased according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Amazingly, the normal level of local ambient energy is sufficient to initiate the LENR process at high rate on rare occasions. Explaining how this “magic” takes place is the first of two basic challenges."


    Super-absorption of nuclear binding energy made possible by the Bose condinsate of the hydride supports energy storage and latter thermalization through hawking radiation. The presents of strange matter, muons, and excess electrons in some LENR experiments points to the formation of a quark soup where the quarks comprising protons and neutrons become deconfined and latter reformed into various subatomic particles and newly formatted nuclei. The exact mechanism that produces this LENR reaction is monopole flux lines produced by the Bose Condensate.


  • The thermalization of gamma radiation will look the same between the reverse Mossbauer Effect in a lattice and the super-absorption actioned by a Bose condinsate and latter thermalization by hawking radiation.


    Where the exception defines the rule, during a LENR reactor meltdown when the metal Lattice is liquefied or vaporized, gamma radiation still is enforced by the survival of the Bose Condensate in the plasma phase supported by the monopole flux lines that the condinsate generates.

  • Ed Storms:


    Quote

    FIGURE 3. Crystal structure of the face-centered-cubic PdD when all deuterium sites (small purple) are filled. (Wikipedia)


    Reference:psc.edu/science/Wolf/Wolf.html


    Onset of the beta phase in palladium hydride at 300 degrees Kelvin. This phase change occurs as the concentration of hydrogen atoms (yellow) in the palladium (purple) increases. At early stages (the alpha phase), hydrogen atoms randomly populate small interstices in the lattice structure. At a critical point, the lattice expands, allowing hydrogen to cluster at higher density, as visualized here. This image shows the lattice from the (001) direction. The term cluster means the formation of high pressure superconductive based hydride particles.



    Also see


    http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.2776


    Deformation of Palladium Plates by a Small Stress during Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption


    Abstract:


    We observed an unexpected bending of a horizontally held palladium plate at 150∘C under a small external shearing stress. The deformation was fastest at the nominal composition of PdH0.1−0.2, which is in the α+β phase. We also observed that a plate warped back and forth during a cycle of absorption and desoprtion of hydrogen when it was hung vertically, which does not have a reasonable explanation.

  • Ed Storms:


    Quote

    The energy required to force the nuclei close enough to fuse is well in excess of the energy holding the atoms in the structure and in excess of the electron energy.


    The monopole magnetic field provides a reinforcing structure that keeps the superconductive hydride together and increases in that structural capacity as the energy stored by the associated Bose condensate increases.


    Ed Storms:


    Quote

    This well-known and accepted behavior suggests a need to form a novel arrangement between the nuclei in the NAE designed to avoid this limitation.


    The superconductive hydride cluster is the NAE. The projection of the monopole magnetic field by this special hydride is the novel arrangement between the nuclei in the NAE.


    The monopole flux lines pass right through the coulomb barrier. The monopole field projected by the NAE screens the monopole flux tubes that keep quarks confined in the protons and neutrons.

  • Ed Storms:


    Quote

    In contrast, Storms(34) places the NAE in cracks having a critically small gap, which are separate from and chemically independent of the crystal structure.


    The shape of the cavity is important, it must be hexagonal. The high pressure hydride is formed by a styrene catalyst comprised of a porous material with a hexagonal nanosized crystal structure, coated with graphite which also has a hexagonal based crystal shape and doped with a alkali metal that produces a rydberg blockade quantum mechanical template for hydride formation.

  • Ed Storms:


    Quote

    "Iwamura et al.(45-47), working at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd in Japan, have studied the first type of transmutation by allowing D2 to diffuse through a sandwich consisting of alternate layers of Pd and CaO, with the presence of CaO being important to success. The transmutation reactions occur on the surface of palladium where target nuclei have been deposited before D2 is applied. Using X-ray florescence to determine the amount of material, they followed the loss of target material from the surface along with increase in the nuclear product.


    Examples of the various transmutation reactions are listed in Fig. 11. A successful explanation must show how the considerable Coulomb barrier is overcome, how excess energy resulting from the reaction is dissipated, why transmutation of Pd is not observed, and how more than one helium nucleus can be added to the target at the same time. The explanation must also show why the CaO layer can have an effect on a nuclear reaction occurring on the surface when it is separated from the surface by 40 nm of Pd."


    The flow of hydrogen through CaO could have produced hydrated Lime which has a catalytic hexagonal crystal structure. This catalytic structure might well catalyze metalized hydrogen which is LERN active.


    The quark deconfinement theory supports the mixing of a variety of heavy elements because the nuclei of those elements were disrupted and subsequently reformed into a new heavy element as observed in the Iwamura experiment.

  • There is a class of experiments that show all aspects of LENR activity without the formation of a NAE.


    Laser excitation of gold nanoparticles in a salt solution of heavy elements produce LENR in all its range of functionality. This shows that Surface Plasmon Polaritons are causative in LENR.


    The transformation of LASER light into monopole magnetism is what SPPs do. This class of experiments boil LENR down to the most basic factors which remove the NAE as an essential in LENR.


    The formation of metalized hydrides produce an amplification effect that supports the Bose condensation of SPPs to support high energy LENR production(LENR+)


    The other LENR mechanism is the SmCo5 magnet which has the magic hexagonal crystal structure of active LENR promoters like metalize hydrogen. The Sm rare earth configures the Co atoms to take on the hexagonal configuration which directs all the magnetic spins along the Z axis.


    IMHO, it is the crystal structure of the material that makes a molecule LENR active, That structure and placement of the atoms in the crystal formats the spin of the material to project forward anisotropically to concentrate and organize the spin in a concentrated direction...forward. SmCo is an anisotropic magnetic material. The magnetic beam energy is concentrated in a preferred direction.


    Calculation of magnetic anisotropy energy in SmCo5


    arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0303368.pdf

  • @frankwtu


    I think this is spam:


    "Super-absorption of nuclear binding energy made possible by the Bose condinsate of the hydride supports energy storage and latter thermalization through hawking radiation. The presents of strange matter, muons, and excess electrons in some LENR experiments points to the formation of a quark soup where the quarks comprising protons and neutrons become deconfined and latter reformed into various subatomic particles and newly formatted nuclei. The exact mechanism that produces this LENR reaction is monopole flux lines produced by the Bose Condensate."


    It is just gobbledygook. But very cleverly put together. Black holes and strange matter - nice!

  • Peter


    There is a 'ring' about it though! When you look up 'Bose Condensate' you get similar gobbledegook!


    Tunnelling between adjacent lattice sites, now what's that all about you may say.


    Well it looks critical to how Low energy fusion overcomes the coulomb barrier, Its ground state is a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of all particles put into the mode with zero momentum. The temperatures required to overcome the coulomb barrier for fusion to occur are so high as to require extraordinary means for their achievement. So something else must be going on in the LENR field which is likely to be very complex.


    Well whoever can understand this 'gobbledegook' and make an 'invention' work will be sitting on a fortune.


    Best regards
    Frank


    PS: apologies for the spam!


  • Have you heard about the production of subatomic particle in Holmlid's experiments? Is discussion of this subject appropriate for this site? If not, why not? If so, what is your explanation of the production of mesons. kaons, pions, and muons in Holmlid's styrene catalyst experiments?

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