I speculate that the element mix compiled by Eric Walker are the various transmutation produces of tungsten and lanthanum which came from the rare earth doped welding electrode. Lanthanated tungsten electrodes (AWS classification EWLa-1.5) contain a minimum of 97.80 percent tungsten and 1.30 percent to 1.70 percent lanthanum, or lanthana, and are known as 1.5 percent lanthanated.
There could also be other heavy element contaminants contained in low concentrations in the welding rod used to sinter the fuel in the fuel preprocess step. The fact that these heavy elements are only found on the surface of the fuel particle imply that the heavy elements were transmuted and then were welded onto the particle surface as a last step on the fuel preprocessing. The presence of sodium implies that a etching process was first performed before the spark based sintering was performed.
me356: Reactor parameters [part 2]
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If your question is directed at me, my working assumption is that LENR depends upon one two or three of the following things: (1) a heavy nuclide, possibly an alpha emitter, that can fission or decay by way of alpha decay; and/or (2) a nuclide theoretically (or actually) unstable against beta decay or electron capture; and (3) something like hydrogen or deuterium, or electric arc discharge, etc., to provide non-equilibrium conditions at the surface of the "fuel" sufficient to radically change the electron density for brief periods of time.One important assumption here is that solid state modeling (modeling the electron density in a solid) is not yet good at dealing with non-equilibrium conditions.
My assumption is that all the heavy elements found were stable and as such were produced by LENR based spark transmutation. The fact that the insides of the fuel particle did not show any heavy elements indicate that the heavy elements were not added intentionally as a component of the fuel but were produced as a contaminant generated by electric arc transmutation.
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Contamination is entirely possible. And there's no compelling reason for me to conclude at this point that the fuel from Lugano is anything to look at. But the graphs of the fuel samples that were analyzed were after sputtering that was done to remove the carbon adhesive. So they were some depth into the selected particles, not necessarily at the surface.
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I just wanted to remind people of a few things:
1) Super exotic powder is not required to produce the Rossi Effect. Songsheng's nickel was not even carbonyl.
2) Me356 claims high levels of excess heat is possible utilizing nickel WIRE and lithium.
3) Piantelli and Focardi produced excess heat with bulk nickel.
What's important is what we do to the nickel.
It is my belief that the vigor of the LENR reaction is directly related to the surface treatment that the nickel receives as a fuel pretreatment step.
The probability that the LENR reaction is produced and the strength that the reaction achieves might be directly related to the porosity of the surface area of the nickel powder as well as the size of the cavity features generated on the surface of the particles.
The amount of hydrogen that the powder absorbs also is proportional to the vigor of the LENR reaction that the nickel powder generates. The high porosity nano dimensional modified Ni powder exhibits high power of hydrogen adsorption (600 µgH2/g).
The nickel wire mentioned above was pretreated by a etching process where the surface of the nickel wire was resurfaced with nano dimensional pitting.
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Nobody has exceeded a cop of 1,1 except Rossi so it seems urgent to be "original" !
Me356 has claimed COP over 10. But they are only claims at this point. Hopefully he will release a procedure to the MFMP soon for replication attempts.
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Eric Walker:
Quote"If your question is directed at me, my working assumption is that LENR depends upon one two or three of the following things: (1) a heavy nuclide, possibly an alpha emitter, that can fission or decay by way of alpha decay; and/or (2) a nuclide theoretically (or actually) unstable against beta decay or electron capture; and (3) something like hydrogen or deuterium, or electric arc discharge, etc., to provide non-equilibrium conditions at the surface of the "fuel" sufficient to radically change the electron density for brief periods of time."
I when through all the various types of heavy element contaminants looking for the isotopes that corresponded to the hadron counts recorded in the fuel assay. I was able to find stable isotopes for all counts recorded in the ash assay. This lead me to conclude that these elements where produced by LENR transmutation and therefore were not intentionally added as a radioactive additives.
Furthermore, Rossi has repeatedly claimed that there are no radioactive additives included in his fuel.
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Furthermore, Rossi has repeatedly claimed that there are no radioactive additives included in his fuel.
(1) For the heavier nuclides, I assume there's no need for them to be radioactive; they simply need to have a theoretical spontaneous fission cross section, even if they are observationally stable. In practice that means elements at around palladium and heavier. (2) Rossi has claimed many things.
(3) Lugano is probably a bust anyway. -
I also know of one other replicator who wishes anonymity getting xs heat with 'badly plated' (ie- rough) Nickel sheet in a hydrogen atmosphere with tungsten wire heater. Rather like an old fashioned radio valve.
Can you tell us any more about this? Does the nickel sheet surround the tungsten "filament" as in a radio valve? Is there an oxide coating, or other coating as in such a valve? Does the replicator state where the excess heat appears, that is on the nickel sheet or on another electrode (analogous to the "plate") in the same chamber? Is there a bias voltage or some other varying electrical stimulus imposed on the system?
Thanks for this information, in any case, Alan Smith!
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Hi Longview.
I think I can tell you the Ni sheet is cylindrical and surrounds the filament, obviously open above and below. The enclosure is made from Quartz and the Quartz can be immeresed in water to cool it. Heat is conveyed to the Quartz by radiation from the outer surface of the Ni cylinder (which is close to the Quartz) and by convection currents in the Hydrogen atmosphere. Hydrogen actually has a high specific heat. I don't know much about the internal pressures. If you read the work of Irving Langmuir you will see that Tungsten actually decomposes H2 into monatomic Hydrogen - I think this may be a 'clue'.
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http://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.01196v2.pdf
The Desktop Muon Detector: A simple, physics-motivated machine- and electronics-shop project for university students
Abstract
This paper describes an undergraduate-level physics project that incorporates various aspects of machine- and electronics-shop technical development. The desktop muon detector is a selfcontained apparatus that employs plastic scintillator as a detection medium and a silicon photomultiplier for light collection. These detectors can be used in conjunction with the provided software to make interesting physics measurements. The total cost of each counter is approximately $100.
Axani and Conrad published instructions for building the detector on the open-source physics publishing site arXiv, and have been reworking the project with the aim of making it accessible to high-school students. No math more advanced than division and multiplication is needed, Axani says. And the parts don’t need to be new, meaning students could potentially take advantage of leftovers from experiments at places like Fermilab.
“This should be for students to build,” Axani says. “It’s a good project for creative people who want to make their own measurements.”
LookingForHeat should offer both the kit and the assembled detector.
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This is the company that patented the plasma fabricated high activity catalyst powder mentioned above. They might provide high activity nickel powder until LookingForHeat gets up to speed.
Company ProfileSector: Industrials
Industry: Electrical Equipment
Sub-Industry: Electrical Components
SDC Materials, Inc. designs, develops, and integrates nanomaterials. The Company focuses on elemental nano metals, alloys, carbides, nitrides, and ceramics, as well as additives including nano aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, molybdenum, silicon, and tantalum dispersions. SDC Materials operates worldwide.Corporate InformationAddress:
940 South Park Lane
Suite 2
Tempe, AZ 85281
United StatesPhone: 1-480-966-6106
Fax: -
Web url: www.sdcmaterials.com -
Hands together for Axil!
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LookingForHeat should offer both the kit and the assembled detector.
You build one Axil and I will test it and put it up on our website. We sell very few Geigers btw, so I think demand for Muon detectors might be even more modest.
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You build one Axil and I will test it and put it up on our website. We sell very few Geigers btw, so I think demand for Muon detectors might be even more modest.
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I have no talent in those things. But I venture to say that the lack of interest in exotic particles in preference to excess heat is the major reason why LENR experimentation languishes.
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I believe Bob Greenyer is also giving him a tickle.
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I am sorry that you have to wait. But you can be certain that in a very near future there will be annoucements of many groups. Like a snowball efffect.
I will publish the results and help with the replications as soon as there will be fully operating device that will work for a longer periods with a decent COP.
This might take a few days - new revision is in preparation that should finally work for a really long time.I can at least publish some photos (although with poor quality). Reactor A (20160501-172719) right before triggering the excess heat.
Reactor B - testing a pure discharge without modulation and then testing modulated plasma with partially visible balmer series.
During the excess heat plasma is looking really cool - not possible to describe with a words. Separated into a thin slices (chunks).I was skeptical to my results for at least half a year.
An update would be welcome.
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Amen to that.
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ME356 did show quite a lot from his reactor. It's evident a long HF discharge is passed along the actual active material, probably inside the metal boat. Both electrodes
which are leading discharge are outside of reactor (ceramic tube) and they don't participate to reaction at all.
