Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective To investigate whether vitamin D and marine derived long chain omega 3 fatty acids reduce autoimmune disease risk.

Design Vitamin D and omega 3 trial (VITAL), a nationwide, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design.

Setting Nationwide in the United States.

Participants 25 871 participants, consisting of 12 786 men ≥50 years and 13 085 women ≥55 years at enrollment.

Interventions Vitamin D (2000 IU/day) or matched placebo, and omega 3 fatty acids (1000 mg/day) or matched placebo. Participants self-reported all incident autoimmune diseases from baseline to a median of 5.3 years of follow-up; these diseases were confirmed by extensive medical record review. Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the effects of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids on autoimmune disease incidence.

Main outcome measures The primary endpoint was all incident autoimmune diseases confirmed by medical record review: rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, autoimmune thyroid disease, psoriasis, and all others.

Results 25 871 participants were enrolled and followed for a median of 5.3 years. 18 046 self-identified as non-Hispanic white, 5106 as black, and 2152 as other racial and ethnic groups. The mean age was 67.1 years. For the vitamin D arm, 123 participants in the treatment group and 155 in the placebo group had a confirmed autoimmune disease (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.99, P=0.05). In the omega 3 fatty acids arm, 130 participants in the treatment group and 148 in the placebo group had a confirmed autoimmune disease (0.85, 0.67 to 1.08, P=0.19). Compared with the reference arm (vitamin D placebo and omega 3 fatty acid placebo; 88 with confirmed autoimmune disease), 63 participants who received vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids (0.69, 0.49 to 0.96), 60 who received only vitamin D (0.68, 0.48 to 0.94), and 67 who received only omega 3 fatty acids (0.74, 0.54 to 1.03) had confirmed autoimmune disease.

Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation for five years, with or without omega 3 fatty acids, reduced autoimmune disease by 22%, while omega 3 fatty acid supplementation with or without vitamin D reduced the autoimmune disease rate by 15% (not statistically significant). Both treatment arms showed larger effects than the reference arm (vitamin D placebo and omega 3 fatty acid placebo).

Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01351805 and NCT01169259

The effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E on disease severity and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

The effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E on disease severity and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial - Trials

Background and objective Because of the effect of vitamins on modulating the immune system function, we have evaluated the effect of supplementation with…

trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com

Abstract

Background and objective

Because of the effect of vitamins on modulating the immune system function, we have evaluated the effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19.

Methods

This study was a randomized and single-blinded clinical trial in which 60 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group (n=30) received vitamins, and the control group did not receive any vitamin or placebo. The intervention was included 25,000 IU daily of vitamins A, 600,000 IU once during the study of D, 300 IU twice daily of E, 500 mg four times daily of C, and one amp daily of B complex for 7 days. At baseline and after the 7-day intervention, the serum levels of inflammatory markers, vitamins, and the SOFA score were assessed. In addition, the mortality rate and duration of hospitalization were evaluated after the intervention (IRCT registration number: IRCT20200319046819N1/registration date: 2020-04-04, https://www.irct.ir/trial/46838).

Results

Significant changes were detected in serum levels of vitamins (p < 0.001 for all vitamins), ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.001), IL6 (p = 0.003), TNF-a (p = 0.001), and SOFA score (p < 0.001) after intervention compared with the control group. The effect of vitamins on the mortality rate was not statistically significant (p=0.112). The prolonged hospitalization rate to more than 7 days was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p=0.001). Regarding the effect size, there was a significant and inverse association between receiving the intervention and prolonged hospitalization (OR = 0.135, 95% CI 0.038–0.481; p=0.002); however, after adjusting for confounders, it was not significant (OR=0.402, 95% CI 0.086–1.883; p=0.247).

Conclusion

Supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E could improve the inflammatory response and decrease the severity of disease in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19.

Quite forseeable and wellknown AR pattern ahead... - seems Rossi is preparing to restart the game. No one will have interest in his new 100W product, when the next generation is around the corner.

Rossi: Working on 1 kW Ecats ‘Right Now’ |

Who bets what will happen (again and again...) next?

(As a side note: if the smart US student who did proramme an automated tracker for Elon Musks air plane and other russian oligarch yachts would do so for the CEO of Leonardo Corp. - what would we see? Probably Rossi commuting between his condo (um, his lab / robotized factory / certifying agency / logistics center for the million orders / deliveries,..) and the beach, with his laptop to write and answer silly questions on ECW and JONP around the clock... )

Weird Nearby Gamma-Ray Burst Defies Expectations

By Meghan Bartels published June 03, 2021

This isn't how GRBs are supposed to behave.

Weird nearby gamma-ray burst defies expectations

This isn't how GRBs are supposed to behave.

www.space.com

During those analyses, the team noticed that the patterns of X-rays and very high-energy gamma-rays matched — something scientists wouldn't expect, since they believe different phenomena cause the two different types of radiation.

But so far, scientists have only observed four of these bright explosions from the surface of Earth, so they're hoping that new instruments and additional observations give them more insight into the details of gamma-ray bursts.

The research is described in a paper published June 3 in the journal Science. https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abe8560

Gotta love those gammas. A gamma reflector has yet to be developed. Much different than a neutron mirror, no?

Anyways, getting these sent back to the reaction zone increases performance perhaps.

Mystery Gamma Rays Could Help Solve Age-Old Lightning Puzzle

Mystery gamma rays could help solve age-old lightning puzzle

Researchers in Japan are enlisting an army of citizens to explore how storms on Earth create extreme bursts of gamma radiation.

www.nature.com

Researchers in Japan are enlisting an army of citizens to explore how storms on Earth create extreme bursts of gamma radiation.

On top of Kanazawa Izumigaoka High School, the wind whips at researchers Teruaki Enoto and Yuuki Wada as they wrestle with a boxy instrument, trying to secure it to the roof. A nearby weathervane swings ominously and clouds gather over distant mountains, all signs of the storm brewing in the direction of the Sea of Japan. This is exactly the kind of weather Wada and Enoto are hoping for. The device they are installing will spy on thunderstorms as they spit out γ-radiation — a mysterious process that physicists are eager to understand.

As the highest-energy electromagnetic radiation in the Universe, γ-rays typically come from far away — from around black holes, supernovae and other extreme cosmic environments. They are often created by surges of electrons travelling at close to the speed of light. But in the 1980s and 1990s, physicists discovered that clouds on Earth also emit invisible γ-rays: as short, intense millisecond bursts and as weaker, long-lingering glows. Somehow, certain storms accelerate billions of electrons to close to the speed of light to produce these γ-rays. “The mystery is how this can occur in Earth’s atmosphere,” says Wada, a physicist with the Extreme Natural Phenomena RIKEN Hakubi Research Team in Saitama, Japan.

That question has brought him to a rooftop in a growing storm. Physicists want not only to understand this high-energy process, but also to use the radiation as a fresh lens for studying some fundamental questions about thunderstorms. There is even hope that the γ-rays might help atmospheric scientists to shed light on the centuries-old question of what initiates lightning.

But capturing these intense rays is not easy. Although satellites have spotted thousands of millisecond terrestrial γ-ray flashes (TGFs), those measurements can’t provide a close-enough view to reveal in detail the mechanism that produces them. Studying TGFs from Earth has previously proved difficult, and scientists have observed the longer-lasting glows at only a few locations.

New sciences

New tools

New labs

New views

New news

Supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) through their Nanoscale Science Research Center (NSRC) program, the Molecular Foundry is one of five national user facilities for nanoscale science that serves over 1000 academic, industrial and government scientists around the world each year. Users come to the Foundry to perform multidisciplinary research beyond the reach of an individual’s own laboratory. By taking advantage of the Foundry’s broad spectrum of core capabilities and expertise, users increase the scope, technical depth, and impact of their research. Moreover, while at the Foundry, users access LBNL’s diverse scientific community that includes other user facilities, including the Advanced Light Source (ALS), National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), and the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), as well as the Energy Innovation Hubs, such as the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), the Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), and a number of local Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs).

A PRESS RELEASE

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Crystallography for the Misfit Crystals

Advanced algorithms plus an exceptional X-ray laser can reveal the structures of not-so-neat-and-tidy materials unattainable by other techniques

News Release January 19, 2022

An illustration of the serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography process, showing a jet of liquid solvent combined with the sample particles being blasted with the laser beam to capture diffraction data. This action is completed in just a few femtoseconds – that is quadrillionths of a second, or a few millionths of one billionth of a second. (Credit: Ella Maru Studio)

Francis Crick, who famously co-discovered the shape of DNA, once said: “If you want to understand function, study structure.” Many decades later, this remains a tenet of biology, chemistry, and materials science.

A key breakthrough in the quest for DNA’s structure came from X-ray crystallography, a technique that maps the density of electrons in a molecule based on how beams of X-ray radiation diffract through the spaces between atoms in the sample. The diffraction patterns generated by crystallography can then be used to deduce the overall molecular structure. Thanks to a steady stream of advances over the decades, X-ray crystallography is now exponentially more powerful than it was in Crick’s time, and can even reveal the placement of individual atoms.

Yet the process is not easy. As the name implies, it requires crystals – specifically, purified samples of the molecule of interest, coaxed into a crystal form. And not all molecules form picture-ready crystals.

“X-ray crystallography is most straightforward when the material can be grown into a large single crystal,” said Nicholas Sauter, a computer senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), in the Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging (MBIB) division. “However, most substances instead form powders composed of small granules, whose X-ray diffraction patterns are harder to disentangle.”

Sauter is co-leading a team working to provide a better way for scientists to study the structures of the many materials that don’t form tidy single crystals, such as solar absorbers and metal-organic frameworks: two diverse material groups with huge potential for combating climate change and producing renewable energy.

Their new technique, called small-molecule serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography, or smSFX, supercharges traditional crystallography with the addition of custom-built image processing algorithms and an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). The XFEL, built from a fusion of particle accelerator and laser-based physics, can point X-ray beams that are much more powerful, focused, and speedy than other X-ray sources for crystallography. The entire process, from X-ray pulse to diffraction image, is completed in a few quadrillionths of a second.

“It’s diffraction before destruction,” said Daniel Paley, an MBIB project scientist and author on the team’s new paper, published today in Nature. “The idea is that the crystal is going to explode instantly when it’s hit by this beam of photons, but with a femtosecond pulse, you collect all the diffraction data before the damage occurs. It’s really cool.”

Part of the XFEL where the sample is injected into the path of the X-ray beam. This XFEL facility, called the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) is in Japan. The team traveled there and performed their experiments in 2019. (Credit: Nate Hohman/University of Connecticut)

Paley and co-leader Aaron Brewster, a research scientist in MBIB, developed the algorithms needed to convert XFEL data into high-quality diffraction patterns that can be analyzed to reveal the unit cell – the basic unit of a crystal that is repeated over and over in three dimensions – of each tiny crystalline grain within the sample.

When you have a true powder, Paley explained, it’s like having a million crystals that are all jumbled together, full of imperfections, and scrambled in every possible orientation. Rather than diffracting the whole jumble together and getting a muddied readout of electron densities (which is what happens with existing powder diffraction techniques), smSFX is so precise that it can diffract individual granules, one at a time. “This gives it a special sharpening effect,” he said. “So that is actually the kind of secret sauce of this whole method. Normally you shoot all million at once, but now you shoot 10,000 all in sequence.”

The cherry on top is that smSFX is performed without freezing the sample or exposing it to a vacuum – another benefit for the delicate materials studied by materials scientists. “No fancy vacuum chamber required,” said Sauter.

(Left) The team, pictured in 2019, preparing for an XFEL session with their mascot. (Right) An image of the sample injection apparatus, full of a sample of mithrene, a metallic-organic material that glows blue when exposed to UV light. (Credit: Nate Hohman/University of Connecticut)

In the new study, the team demonstrated proof-of-principle for smSFX, then went one step further. They reported the previously unknown structures of two metal-organic materials known as chacogenolates. Nathan Hohman, a chemist physicist at University of Connecticut and the project’s third co-leader, studies chacogenolates for their semiconducting and light-interaction properties, which could make them ideal for next-generation transistors, photovoltaics (solar cells and panels), energy storage devices, and sensors.

“Every single one of these is a special snowflake – growing them is really difficult,” said Hohman. With smSFX, he and graduate student Elyse Schriber were able to successfully diffract powder chacogenolates and examine the structures to learn why some of the silver-based materials glow bright blue under UV light, a phenomenon that the scientists affectionately compare to Frodo’s sword in The Lord of the Rings.

“There is a huge array of fascinating physical and even chemical dynamics that occur at ultrafast timescales, and our experiment could help to connect the dots between a material’s structure and its function,” said Schriber, a Berkeley Lab affiliate and researcher in Hohman’s lab. “After further improvements are made to streamline the smSFX process, we can imagine programs to offer this technique to other researchers. These types of programs are integral for increasing access to light source facilities, especially for smaller universities and colleges.”

An illustrated collage composed of all the diffraction data gathered at the SACLA. (Credit: Nate Hohman/University of Connecticut)

This work involved the use of the SACLA free-electron laser in Japan, the Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and Molecular Foundry, two U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science user facilities located at Berkeley Lab.

# # #

Founded in 1931 on the belief that the biggest scientific challenges are best addressed by teams, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and its scientists have been recognized with 14 Nobel Prizes. Today, Berkeley Lab researchers develop sustainable energy and environmental solutions, create useful new materials, advance the frontiers of computing, and probe the mysteries of life, matter, and the universe. Scientists from around the world rely on the Lab’s facilities for their own discovery science. Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram national laboratory, managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit energy.gov/science.

Quote from Gregory Byron Goble

Weird Nearby Gamma-Ray Burst Defies Expectations

By Meghan Bartels published June 03, 2021

There is a free paper on ArXiv :: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.02510.pdf

pasted-from-clipboard.png Why I got the 3d printer.. using your casting and melt out the core vs plaster ect.

let someone else .... I'm in enough trouble

lenr-forum.com/attachment/20348/+

Here is another example of remarkable primate behavior. They feel jealousy.

And the step-down transformer on the locked page but yet to try it.

or step up or down back feeding..

Quote from JedRothwell

Here is another example of remarkable primate behavior. They feel jealousy.

Interesting book. "Baboon Metaphysics" by Cheney and Seyrarth (2007).

Are baboons self aware? Do they lie? Do they realize that other baboons have minds like theirs and might also lie? Field experiments by a pair of biologists working in Botswana.

The title of the book paraphrases a quote from Darwin ... "He who understands baboon would do more towards metaphysics than Locke."

Quote from zorud

Quite forseeable and wellknown AR pattern ahead... - seems Rossi is preparing to restart the game. No one will have interest in his new 100W product, when the next generation is around the corner.

https://e-catworld.com/2022/03…-on-1-kw-ecats-right-now/

Who bets what will happen (again and again...) next?

(As a side note: if the smart US student who did proramme an automated tracker for Elon Musks air plane and other russian oligarch yachts would do so for the CEO of Leonardo Corp. - what would we see? Probably Rossi commuting between his condo (um, his lab / robotized factory / certifying agency / logistics center for the million orders / deliveries,..) and the beach, with his laptop to write and answer silly questions on ECW and JONP around the clock... )

Display More

Obtaining the target of a million

orders one way or another.

He claims he has over 800000.

2022-03-14 10:05 Maico 

Dear Dr. Rossi

I am happy to know that you are working on the R&D of the 1Kw SKLep

If I may, I would like to express my concern.

Like many others, we have been following the evolution of this wonderful discovery that is the Ecat for more than 10 years.

It seems that this year finally a revolutionary product will be placed on the market and then sold (the SKlep in the 100W size).

so “verify with your hand” this revolutionary new source of energy that You have discovered and created.

This world wide distribution of the SKlep is however conditional on the achievement of 1,000,000 pre-orders.

Since you are confident of reaching this target, you have already started production.

I get to the point: having announced that you are working on R&D of the 1KW SKLep, is it possible that the “flow” of pre-orders of the 100W SKlep will slow down further and the target of 1,000,000 pre-orders may not arrive in 2022?

The market needs to be “flooded” as soon as possible by your wonderful technological and scientific discovery (see: http://www.researchgate.net/pu…nge_particle_interactions)), and acknowledge “the merits” of all the efforts made by You and Your Team over the years to get to “All This” !!!.

The whole world must see and verify, as soon as possible, that your product exists and works. And that it works thanks to the scientific evidence that you yourself have published 🙂

I come to the questions, if I can:

1) do you confirm that the 1KW SKleps will not be placed on the market if the 1,000,000 100w SKleps have not been sold and distributed first? (For many who follow you, it may seem like an “unfair” thing, but it is always better to reach one goal with certainty, rather than trying to reach two without succeeding)

2) have you already produced more than 10,000 Skleps?

3) is there a possibility that the distribution of the first 100,000 SKleps of 100w will start at the end of the first half of the year (Early July 2022)?

thank you

Regards

Maico

2022-03-14 11:30 Andrea Rossi 

Maico:

Thank you for your kind support.

Answers:

1) If we will put in commerce the 1 kW Ecat SKLep, it will be equivalent to 10 x 100 W SKLeps, so every 1 kW SKLep will count for 10 x 100 W

Therefore it will help to reach faster the target: it is in addition, not in competition

2) confidential

3) no

Warm Regards,

A.R.

State of the Nation (USA) update :

Barack Obama made a statement yesterday that he has contracted Covid.

Not to worry, so far he has just a scratchy throat for a couple of days.

The triply injected Obama used the opportunity to encourage people to get injected.

With the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the US government has recently updated a webpage concerning what to do in the event of a nuclear strike. From https://www.ready.gov/nuclear-explosion (My underline) :

Nuclear Explosion

Nuclear explosions can cause significant damage and casualties from blast, heat, and radiation but you can keep your family safe by knowing what to do and being prepared if it occurs. ...

Fallout is most dangerous in the first few hours after the detonation when it is giving off the highest levels of radiation. It takes time for fallout to arrive back to ground level, often more than 15 minutes for areas outside of the immediate blast damage zones. This is enough time for you to be able to prevent significant radiation exposure by following these simple steps:

GET INSIDE

Get inside the nearest building to avoid radiation. Brick or concrete are best.

Remove contaminated clothing and wipe off or wash unprotected skin if you were outside after the fallout arrived. Hand sanitizer does not protect against fall out. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth, if possible. Do not use disinfectant wipes on your skin.

Go to the basement or middle of the building. Stay away from the outer walls and roof. Try to maintain a distance of at least six feet between yourself and people who are not part of your household. If possible, wear a mask if you’re sheltering with people who are not a part of your household. Children under two years old, people who have trouble breathing, and those who are unable to remove masks on their own should not wear them.

...

Quote from Mark U

State of the Nation (USA) update :

Barack Obama made a statement yesterday that he has contracted Covid.

Not to worry, so far he has just a scratchy throat for a couple of days.

The triply injected Obama used the opportunity to encourage people to get injected.

That is excellent advice. I know two elderly people who have recently undergone chemotherapy, leaving them vulnerable to COVID -- or any infection. They were both triple vaccinated. They both got omicron in January, and they were both fine after a week or so, after mild cases. They would be dead ducks without the vaccine. The vaccines saved millions of lives worldwide, and hundreds of thousands in the U.S.

Quote from JedRothwell

They would be dead ducks without the vaccine.

No they got it thanks to the vaccine. Boostered get 3..10x more often Omicron than unvaxx. Omicron for unvaxx is harmless...

Quote from Wyttenbach

No they got it thanks to the vaccine.

That is physically impossible. If you believe it, you are an idiot. If you don't believe it, you are a troll. Either way I suggest you shut up because you are not fooling anyone. Except perhaps yourself.

Quote from JedRothwell

That is physically impossible.

Famous Jed statement from late 2020 : A study in JAMA finds that 78% of COVID-19 survivors have heart problems. UK is > 70% recovered today ...

We all are eager for the details! Please explain!

UK data is clear 10x more CoV-19 in vaxx only!

The basic manipulations of the CoV-19 virus all have been made in a US Military lab according the same Fauci e-mails. In January 2020 the last shipment from the US lab to China has been intercepted by customs. A Chinese researcher has been arrested... But all follow up case news have been suppressed...

We also assume that Omicron has been made in the very same US lab. Omicron's spike protein owns > 30 bases from the classic corona virus. Such a large point mutation can be excluded to happen inside a human cell.