The general cold fusion theory aka the broad view of LENR

    /* Could it be that only more or less tangential X-rays cause transmutations? (secondary fields works?) */


    I dunno what I should imagine behind tangential X-rays.. Do you talk about X-rays arriving at low angle with respect to atom planes within lattice?

    /* Yes low angle, but optimal to generate a secondary e-field by disturbed electrons! */


    Well, everything is possible there. The optical lasers were successfully used for improving of cold fusion yield before some time already and X-ray lasers would just affect the electrons in deeper layers of atom orbitals. If the visible light works, why the X-ray shouldn't? But the beauty of cold fusion is, when it doesn't require extreme energies or advanced setups. Apparently there is lotta place for further testing, but the scientists are instead of it trying to utilize the farts of bacteria and coconut shells like mad and they call it "sustainable".

    /* A holistic theory of LENR must explain ALL of the consequences of LENR including the emission of copious electrons and other sub atomic particles */


    Yes, but the typical LENR doesn't release the copious amounts of particles instead - the formation of these particles is the domain of hot fusion instead. But because there is a seamless transition between cold fusion and hot fusion, then these particles can be still released once the fusion gets "warm", for example during application of external fields, coherent laser pulses and/or reactor overheating.


    I already explained, that the classical fusion runs when the atom nuclei collide in low-dimensional fashion along long chains. These long stacks of atom nuclei also represent effective absorption environment for resulting particles, so no particles get released, only their synchrotron radiation during braking. But this is indeed an ideal situation and when the fusion gets hot, then the atoms collide harder, but also along less than ideal lines. So that some particles can leave the collision vector and to escape into an outside. The hotter the cold fusion gets, the shorter are linear stacks along which the atoms collide and the more particle fragments get released.


    Once again: my theory of cold fusion is, the requirement of high input energy density is replaced by Astroblaster effect on steroids. But nothing prohibits us to increase the input energy density and to utilize the amplification of momentum less. The consequence will be, the character of cold fusion will be shifted toward hot fusion, which runs by brute force approach.

    Quote from Zephir_AWT

    Once again: my theory of cold fusion is, the requirement of high input energy density is replaced by Astroblaster effect on steroids. But nothing prohibits us to increase the input energy density and to utilize the amplification of momentum less. The consequence will be, the character of cold fusion will be shifted toward hot fusion, which runs by brute force approach.


    Yes, but also is made very difficult in a terrestrial environment by the fact that reaction components are in plasma phase. CF / LENR / LANR / CANR models generally have at least one component in condensed phase (liquid or solid). Catalysis and ternary or higher assembly becomes much more feasible than most, if not all HF approaches.


    With regard to tangential X-rays.... this is the fundamental construction of X-ray telescopes I'm aware of. And of course the idea is that X-ray mirrors are otherwise difficult and very wavelength dependent (interference "stack" types that have been used in X-ray microscopy, X-ray laser experiments, for example). The grazing incidence X-ray telescopes are efficiently bending the X-rays of very wide energy spectrum to form an "image" that is deconvolved computationally. But for purposes here, there is little energy given up to such a tangential surface, so that likely only makes the X-ray passage meaningful from an energy transfer to atoms, if the photon train is coherent, and surely X-ray diffraction suggests to us some of the possibilities. Unlike SPR where the angle of incidence is much higher and the evanescent "waves" created are quite impressive at very short depth-- deliberate use of ordered arrays from near perfect crystals in near perfect alignment with coherent X-ray sources... well who knows? If I am not mistaken, Peter Hagelstein once wrote quite a lot about Grasers, "gamma ray amplification by stimulated emission of radiation", that shows an even more demanding optics. But in his models back then the idea was rapid assembly of quickly assembled nuclear isomers in a linear format that can then release coherent gammas by "superradiant" emission, also seen commonly in TEA UV lasers. And of course we don't know due to extreme classification how those may or may not have been tried as experiments, perhaps in orbit.


    Bottom line: it is still important to focus research attention on surfaces and interfaces. Here is where energy densities and field / particle behaviors can be anomalously extreme. There is yet great promise in CF.... the possibilities are just beginning to be examined.

    /* I feel that geometry is important, or why would lattice be so important to LENR? */


    This is the basis of this thread and it''s experimental evidence.


    Therefore we have two options how to achieve the localization of energy: the utilization of low-dimensional geometry of metal lattice or the utilization of low-dimensional geometry of laser beam. Once we combine the both, we can give the fusion an overshot: the resulting energy
    density will get so high, that not only atom nuclei will merge and fuse, but some of them may even get fragmented into smaller parts again. Therefore the muon formation is not part of normal cold fusion and in general it should be avoided, as it wastes the input energy.


    Nevertheless Holmlid uses coherent laser beam, which is linear by itself and it promotes the amplification of momentum in Astroblaster way even within random plasma. Some XUL lasers already utilize this mechanism for generation ultraviolet radiation from infrared pulses. They're also utilized for production of antimatter in large scale.


    I dunno why people here are so obsessed by utilization of Holmlid experiments for explanation of cold fusion, when Holmlid himself
    clearly said, that his experiments are about hot fusion with all its drawbacks and consequences. In particular the muons have nothing to do with cold fusion mechanism in the same way, like the paparazzi don't help the rich people to get rich: they just parasites utilizing
    their presence.


    "No, I research not about cold fusion, I research on laser-induced hot fusion. It enables us to reach a temperature of between 50 and MK 500 MK in the plasma. This one can measure both the neutron energy distributions and from electron energy distributions..."


    Many people here also don't understand, that Holmlid can perform hot fusion at higher energy densities than the tokamak or even giant NIF despite he carries out his experiments in modest table top arrangement. This is because the modern infrared pulsed lasers utilize extremely
    fast mode locking technology and as such their pulses have higher energy density than the concentrated beams of many lasers in billion dollar priced National Ignition Facility. And the energy density - not the total energy - is what counts during fusion.

    /* why is hot fusion DD fusion seldom toward He4 */


    Because the He4 is symmetric product (composed two protons and two neutrons) and during nonequillibrial conditions of fast heating and fast cooling (which are typical during random collisions inside tokamak or laser fusion plasma) there is not time to get thermal
    equilibrium, exchange neutrons between atom nuclei symmetrically and to get the energetically most favored product in this way.


    This is a common behavior known from thermodynamics of chemical reactions, known as a Le Chatelier's principle: if we cool the reaction mixture fast, then the less stable and more energetic rich products can be obtained. In certain cases this way is used for production of rare or unstable materials, like the white phosphorus or nitrogen oxide (Birkeland–Eyde process).


    Whereas the cold fusion runs with much higher number of atoms at the same moment, which are sharing and equalizing energy during it. Therefore the aneutronic routes (i.e. these ones leading to nuclei of symmetric number of nucleons) of nuclear reactions get more preferred.



    The LENR not only enables to run nuclear reactions during milder and cheaper conditions, it also utilizes the energy of products more effectively (by more consequential thermalization of products), it generates lower radioactivity (by generating lower number of
    atom nuclei fragments) and best of all, it also yields into energetically more poor products (by better utilization/burning of ash of nuclear reactions, so to say). From my perspective this way of fusion has only one disadvantage over hot fusion in contemporary idiotic world: it
    also enables to abuse the power of nuclear reactions easier.





    The above picture illustrates the stability of alpha He4 particles by local peak at the graph of binding energy. This is given by symmetrically of balance of strongly repulsive Coulomb force between protons and strongly attractive nuclear forces between protons and neutrons.

    Quote from Wyttenbach

    Exactly this is a classical claim...


    What we know from diverse NiLi xy ashes is that Li7 --> Li6 is the reality. Li7 is a donor! It's not a bravo reaction!


    How can Li7 be a neutron doner without any neutrons detected in any LENR reaction? Please enplane how this neutron transfer can occur without radiation or neutron detection with references

    Quote from axil

    How can Li7 be a neutron doner without any neutrons detected in any LENR reaction?

    axil : The reaction is 2 7Li --> 2 4He + 6Li. For short: 7Li has enough free 3D/4D flux to form out one more 4D Quanta. But the 8Be configuration is electrically unstable.


    All LENR reactions are introduced by spin coupling. Not the kind of spin you know from the standard model! It is the momentum from the magnetic mass waves that couple and finally redistribute!


    As said: This is a short cut from a new theory, that is very exact. Just forget anything about the standards model. It is a graveyard for 10'000's of physicists.

    Quote from Wyttenbach

    axil : The reaction is 2 7Li --> 2 4He + 6Li. For short: 7Li has enough free 3D/4D flux to form out one more 4D Quanta. But the 8Be configuration is electrically unstable.


    All LENR reactions are introduced by spin coupling. Not the kind of spin you know from the standard model! It is the momentum from the magnetic mass waves that couple and finally redistribute!


    As said: This is a short cut from a new theory, that is very exact. Just forget anything about the standards model. It is a graveyard for 10'000's of physicists.


    How can spin coupling apply to the LENR reaction operating in a plasma. Whatever you claim must be backed up with experimental results.

    New form of matter may lie just beyond the periodic table The similar quark matter participates on cold fusion - but I doubt it will be researched just because of it. It requires heavily entangled collinear collisions of atom nuclei. A famous Hungarian boson may be also indication of this scenario, as it occurs inside elongated atom nuclei. BTW similar mechanism can be responsible for dense forms of hydrogen and also ball lightning at the Rydberg orbital level. Again, these stuffs cannot exist within normal spherical form and objects.


    Other than that, the Island of stability is just job evasion of physicists: it doesn't exist - or better to say, it has been already explored and found very flat/shallow. The only interesting things currently happen in cold fusion research, which is boycotted by mainstream from ideological reasons (the parasites fear the competition and the lost of comfortable jobs).

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