Export and Import of Nuclear Equipment and Material

Li-6 is used in thermonuclear weapons and the export and use of Li-6 is therefore strictly controlled. Rossi's patent requires the use of lithium as fuel with the conversion of Lithium 7 to Lithium 6. The Nuclear Retaliatory Commission(NRC) will place any device that uses lithium as fuel where lithium 6 isotopic ratio is enhanced over nature levels is in violation of NRC regulations and will be restricted as a thermonuclear weapons proliferation risk. The NRC will not permit a commercial product that produces nearly pure Lithium 6 to be freely available for use in the marketplace were Lithium 6 can be extracted from it.

LENR developers must stay away from any LENR reaction that uses lithium as a fuel.

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http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/…fr/part110/full-text.html

PART 110—EXPORT AND IMPORT OF NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL

Appendix N to Part 110—Illustrative List of Lithium Isotope Separation Facilities, Plants and Equipment Under NRC's Export Licensing Authority

a. Facilities or plants for the separation of lithium isotopes.

b. Equipment for the separation of lithium isotopes, such as:

(1) Packed liquid-liquid exchange columns especially designed for lithium amalgams;

(2) Mercury and/or lithium amalgam pumps;

(3) Lithium amalgam electrolysis cells;

(4) Evaporators for concentrated lithium hydroxide solution.

c. Any other components especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant or in any of the components described in this appendix.

[65 FR 70292, Nov. 22, 2000; 79 FR 39299, Jul. 10, 2014]

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Quote from anonymous

Maybe I agree somewhat on a small scale, but...

Lithium won't matter if it is used utility scale: it will be processed with weapon's proliferation guards, and as is, it is not as dangerous as U-235.

We already use plenty of utility scale proliferative U-235 that after use can be purexed into Pu-239.

That fact remains: current nuclear explosives need 90%+ enriched U-235 or Pu-239 as a trigger. The Lithium is an enhancement.

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Is this the argument that you will use to persuade the NRC to change their hazardous materials control policies?

For sometime now, I have predicted that the Rossi type reactors will be access controlled by the electric utilities as are the current nuclear electric generating plants. These electric utilities love economies of scale (EOS) and a 20 gigawatt LENR generator will be their goal. We can be assured the the QuarkX idea is not appropriate for this EOS reactor architecture. How many QuarkX 20 watt units will be required to produce an EOS type reactor? There is no need for modularity in reactor architecture when the electric utility type reactors are designed. Rossi can toss his grandiose ideas of LENR light bulbs and LENR powered cars out the window and start thinking BIG. Rossi and IH and their lithium based reactors will become minions of the electric utilities. This fight over IP is senseless under the constraints of the lithium fuel cycle. It is ironic that just one tiny systems requirement can change things so drastically.

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Brokeeper
October 13, 2016 at 8:45 PM
Dear ET

(sigh) Sorry ET. I think you observed too many partnerships, lawyers and politicians this year.
Take a break and try a different genus next year.

T.

Andrea Rossi
October 13, 2016 at 10:00 PM
Brokeeper:
We from the Galaxy know that freedom is not for free and that it is necessary to fight whatever you want: I am not sorry, I am delighted to make this job, I believe in its importance. This year has been great: we ended the exdtremely important test on the 1 MW plant and invented the QuarkX, that is becoming every day more important. You have not idea of what we are going to introduce, not even I was aware of what the QuarkX could become, when I started to work on the intuition of it. Politicians? All the politicians I met have been very kind to our work. Lawyers? God bless them, my Lawyers are saving the work most important of my life. In one word: I’m getting fun. No necessity to find another genus or to get an umbrella and whisper ” I phone home”: my home is here.
Warm Regards,
E.T.

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The world can be such a cruel place where life long dreams are ground into dust. Rossi does not realize the work he has been striving for, the shining miracles that are dancing before him in his mind's eye will be taken from him by the very politicians that Rossi believes favor him so. Let us keep this trick of fate from him, let him live in this state of wonder and accomplishment for as long as we dare, for the endings are always tragic in this vale of tears. In the end, the most brilliant minds end is senility. The most powerful bodies and beauty figures end in decrepitude...such is the nature of mortality.

Quote from Alan Smith

Hi Axil. What evidence do you have to suggest that Rossi needed isotopically pure lithium? I sincerely doubt that he did, I also sincerely doubt you would find any lithium in a Quark.

The patent that Rossi was granted. Rossi said that the hot cat was covered under that patent and the quark is a improved version of the Hot Cat. Ergo, the QuarkX uses Lithium in its reaction.

More generally, I beleive that Lithium 6 is a byproduct of all LENR hydrogen based reactions. Therefore, LENR will be under NRC and IAEA regulation.

https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/s…fcir_c254_rev.8_part2.pdf

Communication Received from Certain Member States Regarding Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-related Dual-use Equipment, Material, Software and Related Technology

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GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFERS OF NUCLEAR-RELATED
DUAL-USE EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, SOFTWARE, AND
RELATED TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE

1. With the objective of averting the proliferation of nuclear weapons and preventing acts of nuclear terrorism, suppliers have had under consideration procedures in relation to the transfer of certain equipment, materials, software, and related technology that could make a major contribution to a “nuclear explosive activity,” an “unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle activity” or acts of nuclear terrorism. In this connection, suppliers have agreed on the following principles, common definitions, and an export control list of equipment, materials, software, and relatedtechnology. The Guidelines are not designed to impede international co-operation as long as such co-operation will not contribute to a nuclear explosive activity, an unsafeguarded nuclear fuelcycle activity or acts of nuclear terrorism. Suppliers intend to implement the Guidelines in accordance with national legislation and relevant international commitments.

BASIC PRINCIPLE

2. Suppliers should not authorize transfers of equipment, materials, software, or related technology
identified in the Annex:

- for use in a non-nuclear-weapon state in a nuclear explosive activity or an unsafeguarded
nuclear fuel-cycle activity, or

- in general, when there is an unacceptable risk of diversion to such an activity, or when the
transfers are contrary to the objective of averting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, or

- when there is an unacceptable risk of diversion to acts of nuclear terrorism.

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2.C.9. Lithium enriched in the lithium-6 (6Li) isotope to greater than its natural isotopic abundance and
products or devices containing enriched lithium, as follows: elemental lithium, alloys,
compounds, mixtures containing lithium, manufactures thereof, waste or scrap of any of the
foregoing.

Note: Item 2.C.9. does not control thermoluminescent dosimeters.
Technical Note: The natural isotopic abundance of lithium-6 is approximately 6.5 weight
percent (7.5 atom percent).

2.C.16. Nickel powder and porous nickel metal, as follows:

N.B.: For nickel powders which are especially prepared for the manufacture of gaseous
diffusion barriers see INFCIRC/254/Part 1 (as amended).

a. Nickel powder having both of the following characteristics:

1. A nickel purity content of 99.0% or greater by weight; and
2. A mean particle size of less than 10 µm measured by the ASTM B 330 standard;
b. Porous nickel metal produced from materials specified in Item 2.C.16.a.
Note: Item 2.C.16. does not control the following:
a. Filamentary nickel powders;
b. Single porous nickel metal sheets with an area of 1000 cm2
per sheet or less.

Technical Note: Item 2.C.16.b. refers to porous metal formed by compacting and sintering
the material in Item 2.C.16.a. to form a metal material with
fine pores interconnected throughout the structure.