Brilliant Light Power <> UDH?

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Reference:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjS-dzh8ZnQAhUJ6YMKHY0FAIAQFgggMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1210.0329&usg=AFQjCNHeuyiTOT3WSYKToNf7BxMArKf0QQ&sig2=0ED1GRjNt5bCVfxJWsfLlQ

SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITON PULSES IN THE FORM OF BRIGHT AND DARK SOLITONS

Igor V. Dzedolik, Olga Karakchieva Taurida

National V. I. Vernadsky University,

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The Metallic hydrogen that Holmlid is studying takes on "Dark Mode" Form because of the behavior of the Surface Plasmon Polaritons(SPP) that builds up on the surface of the metallic hydrogen crystal. The SPP is essentially a ball of light that is related to ball lightning where a photon plasmon becomes entangled with the electrons that cover the surface of the Metallic hydrogen as electrons as a spin wave are sequestered to the surface of the crystal by the missiner effect of hole superconductivity.

Igor V. Dzedolik, Olga Karakchieva Taurida(reference above) show how the Bright mode SPP transforms into the Dark mode SPP through strong coupling.

Ken Shoulders discovered this mode transformation and named his discovery White EV and Black EV. He also showed in a picture how a Bright mode SPP transforms into the Dark mode SPP.

This transformation mechanism between Bright mode SPP and the Dark mode SPP is fundamental to how the SunCell works as a plasma based LENR reaction.

In more detail, this amazing accomplishment of Ken Shoulders is way ahead of its time. Seeing is believing. His experiment including photos of the life cycle of Surface Plasmon Polariton creation, transformation, and termination. The experiment shows how the bright mode SPP transforms into a dark mode SPP. On page 4 of the reference, Ken Shoulder(KS) captures the creation of a SPP just after a spark discharge. Shoulders calls the bright mode SPP a White EV, and a dark mode SPP, a Black EV. For a description of dark and bright mode SPP's

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see another reference

https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-22-13-16112&id=294258

Determination of the absorption and radiative decay rates of dark and bright plasmonic modes

One amazing finding that Ken Shoulders demonstrated was element transmutation just through the action of spark discharge...no hydrogen...no transition metal...just a spark. This LENR mechanism can be attributed to the production of nanoparticles from the condensation of the metal vapor from electrode material heated by the spark. SPPs form on the surface of these metal nanoparticles in the interface layer between the metal and the air, a dielectric.The SPPs follow the spark path and as KS shows first form a bright mode SPP.

This bright mode SPP then transforms into a Dark mode SPP which stores energy on the surface the of a Bose condinsate of polaritons on the metal nanoparticle and in a hydrogen atmosphere, on the serface of the the metallic hydrogen crystals. That surface polariton configuration results in the generation of monopole magnetic flux lines. The bright mode SPP shows dipole activity, but the dark mode SPP shows little or no dipole activity, but as KS found, Dark mode SPP produces a monopole magnetic field. Unidirectional Current Flow as described by KS:

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Under the conditions of white and black EV looping as stated above, there is an electrical peculiarity worth noting. The current flows in only the white EV direction thus giving the basic conditions for magnetic field generation without closing the current loop. The return charge flows around the other half of the loop without being registered in our instruments. This might be the basis for predicting something like a magnetic monopole.

The Dark mode SPP is typified by the onset of a condensation of polaritons to form a polariton BEC which acts like a EMF black hole. This black hole like comportment is where the dark matter behavior come from. This BEC comprises both electrons and photons in an entangled state. The energy storage mechanism is based on the open ended accumulation of photons in the SPP soliton (balls of lightning) and their increase in frequency. The decay of the Dark mode soliton produces a shower of ions as picture 5 shows.

The Lochak Monopole

To fill out the monopole nature of the dark mode SPP radiation as shown in the Lochak exploding foil experiment, the Lochak monopole behavior is produced by spark discharge in like fashion to KS's EV solitons, but since the spark occurs in water, a spark based cavitation process generates a water crystal, the metallic hydride nanoparticle type that hosts the SPP is comprised of metalized water and condensed titanium vapor. As a SPP BEC whose energy storage capacity is huge, the monopole analog that this BEC simulates is multi MeV up to GeV in energy capacity.

Reference:

The equation of a Light Leptonic Magnetic Monopole and its Experimental Aspects
Georges Lochak
Fondation Louis de Broglie

https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0801/0801.2752.pdf

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and

Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole

Georges Lochak, Leonid Urutskoev

http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LochakGlowenergyn.pdf

Quote from gameover

Axil,

I have only a very general idea of what SPPs are so it will take some time for me to digest that,

Quote from gameover

Axil I get that, but what exactly is a dark mode SPP? I have not managed to find resources explaining it clearly. And I do not think that most people here are going to bother looking for that to the extent that I did.

A dark Mode SPP is an EMF soliton that stores energy and does not radiate that energy to the far field. It is an EMF black hole where energy enters a whispering gallery waveform and does not leave. The dark mode SPP redirects the photon and electron spin that comprise the polariton and focuses that spin axially is a tight beam normal to the plain of rotation of the photon rotation around the whispering gallery wave of the soliton, it short, it is a quasiparticle that mimics the magnetic monopole.

A picture of the monopole magnetic flux lines produced by the dark mode SPP

One of the ways that the dark mode soliton stores energy is by increasing the frequency of the sequestered photons using fano resonance. A - a state of Low energy dark mode polariton (DMP) store only heat photons.

B - a state of high energy DMP store x-ray and XUV photons. As nuclear binding energy arrives as gamma rays, that nuclear energy is downshifted to the frequency stored inside the WGW, The energy storage mechanism is deminstated as A is transformed into B as both pumped infrared and nuclear gamma photons energy is added to the whispering gallery wave.

Energy is added in quanta as follows

The whispering gallery is located in the dome of St Paul's Cathedral, London, and has the curious property that if two people stand at opposite sides of the gallery, at a distance of 42 meters, and one whispers into the wall of the dome, then the other person can hear what is being said. If the two individuals face one another and continue the conversation across the expanse of the dome they can no longer hear the words and have to resort to shouting. The reason for this strange effect is that the sound bounces along the wall of the gallery with very little loss, and so can be heard at a greater distance than if the curved wall had not been present. It can be viewed that there is a narrow region near the edge of the dome where the waves propagate most efficiently, and this is known as a 'whispering gallery mode' in honour of gallery of dome of St Paul's Cathedral where it was discovered.

In recent times, whispering gallery modes have found new fame with the development of nano-optics. In the modern version of this effect light is made to bounce around the edge of a glass sphere. This setup appears to be very similar to that already depicted, although there are some subtle differences. Under normal conditions when light reaches an interface some of it will be reflected and some will be transmitted. However, if the light is in glass and is travelling back into air, there is an angle at which the light can no longer be transmitted and it suffers total internal reflection - exactly 100% of the light is reflected, a very useful effect to reduce losses. When light is travelling around the edge of a sphere it will be total reflected at each bounce, and so propagate with little loss (in fact a very small amount of light leaks out with each bounce due to the curved surface, but this gets very complicated so it will be ignored for now).

In a non superconductor, light will make many millions of circulations of the sphere before being absorbed it will undergo interference with itself. This means that only whole numbers of wavelengths of light can 'fit' around the edge of the sphere. This selectivity causes discrete modes, known as whispering gallery modes, to exist in the cavity, and these modes are of the lowest loss anywhere in existence.

In a superconductor as in metallic hydrogen, light keeps circulating around the WGW without loss as more photon energy arrives from the nuclear reactions produced by the magnetic entanglement with atoms.

Holmlid reports that it takes a considerable amount of time and energy pumping to activate his reaction. This is because energy is being pumped into the WGW on the surface of the metallic hydrogen. But once the WGW are charged with energy, the metallic hydrogen stays intact and is reaction active for weeks and months after is is created and charged.

Reference: "Muon detection studied by pulse-height energy analysis:
Novel converter arrangements"

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The sources give a slowly decaying muon
signal for several hours and days after being used for producing
H(0). They can be triggered to increase the muon production
by laser irradiation inside the chambers or sometimes even by
turning on the fluorescent lamps in the laboratory for a short
time.

How does the Whispering Gallery wave energy storage mechanism explain this observation?

After the metallic hydrogen crystal is created. it is loaded with energy when photons from a laser is absorbed by the WGWs on the surface of the metallic hydrogen crystal. This energy infusion from the laser light produces a burst of sub-atomic particle production as the metallic hydrogen energy store moves beyond the threshold at which the power stored can catalyze nuclear reactions. In this case, the metallic hydrogen can extract energy from the nucleus of any atoms that hydrogen crystal has entangled in the near field.

When the laser stimulation is removed, the metallic hydrogen has enough energy stored to still absorb nuclear energy but at a subcritical level. This means at a reducing rate. If the laser stimulation is reapplied, the rate of sub-atomic particle production is once again restored to active levels.

Over time, the subcritical nature of the energy balance will gradually reduce the level of sub atomic particle production.

As a counterpoint, a state of supercriticality means that the positive feedback loop that moves nuclear energy into the WGW brings an ever increasing nuclear energy load into the WGW. This state produces a reaction meltdown.

Quote from MrSelfSustain

One thing we need to think about when it comes to Andrea Rossi's fuel is that it is very possible he is pre-hydrogenating the nickel before he ever mixes it with the LiAlH4. If there is already a very high hydrogen content in the room temperature nickel, the same pressures may not be required. This could also possibly explain the claim that Andrea Rossi has loaded fuel into reactors without a glove box. There is one claim that it was loaded into a reactor from an envelope. If hydrogen bubbles already exist in the nickel, oxidation of the surface of the nickel or contamination of the surface with atmospheric gases probably wouldn't be as big of an issue.

The fuel preparation process that Rossi has developed is a two step affair. The first step is the generation of the H(0) metallic hydrogen. To do this, he uses pure lithium 7 isotope because LI7 is a bosonic isotope. Rossi forms the lithium 7 hydride in a high temperature sintering process along with nickel powder where Rossi forms a very porous nickel powder with a very high cavity count where nickel grains are between 1 and 100 microns. The Li7H is sequestered and stored in the pores of this nickel micropowder.

Rossi has stored energy in the LI7H(0) metallic lithium 7 hydride based whispering gallery waves to afford it a shelf life of many weeks.

Step 2 is the addition of LiAlH4 which contains about 7% Li6. This fermionic isotope of lithium (Li6) serves as a moderator to stabilize the LENR reaction as a protection against the formation of additional Li7 metallic hydride while the LENR reaction is active in the reactor. The percentage of Li7 in the virgin fuel is now 94%.

The fuel is now completely stabilized against the production of additional metallic hydride generation while the reactor is in operation which would result in a reactor meltdown. In addition, the fuel can be stored and handled in air. The lithium 6 keeps the formation of any more Lithium 7 H(0) metallic hydride from forming. This stabilizes the fuel for use in the reactor by maintaining a constant level of reaction activity when activated by EMF stimulation at startup.

The Rossi fuel mix is a delicate balance between lithium isotope percentage, nickel powder cavity count which stores the metallic lithium hydride and the amount of fuel to be loaded into the reactor. Too much metallic lithium hydride in the fuel mix and the reactor melts down, too little and the reactor does not startup.

The amount of pre-fabricated metallic Lithium 7 hydride remains constant while the reactor is in operation because the LiAlH4 does not produce additional LENR active Lithium mix. This remains the case as the percent of Lithium 6 increases up until 100% as lithium 7 is burnt by the LENR reaction.

I hope that you can now understand that the exclusive use of LiAlH4 cannot produce a LENR reaction because of its high percentage of Li6 isotopic moderator during step 1 of the fuel preparation process.

I hope that you now understand how the details of metallic hydride theory is reflected in the detailed processes of the preparation, deployment, activation, and use of the Rossi LENR fuel.

Quote from gameover

Axil,

In essence you are implying that if instead of natural Lithium an alternative monoisotopic element with an odd number of protons was used the result would be meltdowns, is this correct?

To steer the thread back in-topic, I do not think that neither Randell Mills nor Holmlid ever paid attention to this aspect.

Both Randell Mills and Holmlid use pure deuterium in their systems...no lithium. Mills will also use pure protium as an alternative isotope of hydrogen. These two systems are not subject to meltdown.

WizKid used Lithium-7 fluoride which has produced a meltdown.

See
http://www.e-catworld.com/2016…s-on-replication-efforts/

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“I load the fuel mixture into a titanium or stainless steel tube, and my engineer friend (who does lots of work for the infamous medical company Medtronics) laser welds plugs to seal the tube. I have had about six sessions that my buddy witnessed results from my projects, and the very first one resulted in a temperature that my friend stated was likely to have been 3000 to 4000 F in temperature at the end, and melted down. (Many, many, many of my reactors have self destructed, but always safely and always in a thermal control box that I do the test in that is lined with firebrick for safety. ) I use a mask, gloves, and safety glasses when I mix the fuel, and always read an follow instructions on the material safety data sheet (msds).

also see

http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=141#comment-1207842

also

wizkid • 3 months ago

Ok, to optimize the hydrogenation in my next fuel cell, I propose to separate a mixture of 90% Ni and 10% 7Li (Part 1) from the Lithium aluminium hydride (Part2) in a 50% to 50% ratio. So 50% will be LAH, and 50% Ni 7Li. A small ceramic separator will allow the gas to permeate the Ni7Li portion, but reduce the coating of the Ni7Li with Aluminum. The fuel cell will be heated in the reactor chamber that I am attaching a drawing of. The fuel cell is also shown in a drawing that is attached to this comment. I will wait for some comments for a short time before I begin to prepare the fuel cell. The reactor chamber is already assembled and tested. I will publish the results of the run during the next few days. Thank you for any constructive input you can provide!

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Regarding tests for LENR in the SunCell as follows:

STATEMENT BY RANDELL MILLS

"Cold fusion is not theoretically possible. It is easy to disprove nuclear reactions in the SunCell in that switching from hydrogen to deuterium does not change the power in the same manner as with the combustion of hydrogen isotopes."

There are LENR systems that use pure protium and there are systems that use pure deuterium, but there is no LENR systems that use a 50/50 mix of protium and deuterium.

To test for LENR, the LENR test that Mills should have performed is a test that uses a 50/50 mix of hydrogen isotopes. I understand why this isotopic hydrogen mixing is non functional for the LENR reaction. When a test of Mills SunCell does not function on the 50/50 hydrogen isotopic mix, I will explain why such a failure is the case.

If the 50/50 mix does work in the SunCell, I will look into the details of hydrino theory as the mechanism that underpins how also erstwhile LENR systems work. There can be only one reaction mechanism for the over unity production of energy.

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3 days ago, I submitted this post shown above on ECatWorld. Recently, somebody posted an abstract of this post on Rossi's blog and request that Rossi comment. Rossi gave his standard reply about not commenting on the work of his competitors. Why was that post removed from Rossi's blog??

Quote from axil

If the 50/50 mix does work in the SunCell, I will look into the details of hydrino theory as the mechanism that underpins how also erstwhile LENR systems work. There can be only one reaction mechanism for the over unity production of energy.

This is your view of the experiment. But we know that LENR happens without any H/D by just using high currents or shockwaves.

Thus one detail might be correct: In 20 years or so we will have "one" theory, which explains in detail, why such phenomenas like LENR may happen and this theory will show, that there are thousand of different reactions (mechanisms) to produce transmutations! (and may be just dark matter as Mills claims!)

Quote from gameover

Lithium is present in Mills' patents as a suitable catalyst for his hydrino process, with no isotopic preference.
Here is an example you can search: https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011016878A1

Holmlid also uses natural hydrogen. His iron oxide catalysts include potassium, which has quite an active function in the formation of Rydberg matter in his case as you should know by now. This alkali metal should have the same promoting function of lithium in other experiments. Why are you now making it look as if lithium is interchangeable with hydrogen?

WizKid used Lithium-7 fluoride which has produced a meltdown. Where is it stated *****clearly***** that he specifically purchased an isotopically pure version of lithium fluoride for his experiments?

Please also answer the previous question I posed. If experimenters were to replace lithium with for example sodium-23 (the only stable isotope of sodium), would they finally start seeing working experiments with meltdowns and all? If not, why?

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Quote from Wyttenbach

This is your view of the experiment. But we know that LENR happens without any H/D by just using high currents or shockwaves.

Thus one detail might be correct: In 20 years or so we will have "one" theory, which explains in detail, why such phenomenas like LENR may happen and this theory will show, that there are thousand of different reactions (mechanisms) to produce transmutations! (and may be just dark matter as Mills claims!)

There is only one fundamental mechanism that underpins transmutation, that being the weak force disruption of protons and neutrons by monopole flux lines. The mechanisms that produce this EMF weak force stimulant could be many.

The nature of below base level quantum electron orbitals is rightfully filled by metallized hydride theory as accepted by science rather than the rejected theory of the hydrino.

By the way, there is no such thing as dark matter as follows:

New theory of gravity might explain dark matter

http://phys.org/news/2016-11-theory-gravity-dark.html

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According to Erik Verlinde, there is no need to add a mysterious dark matter particle to the theory. In a new paper, which appeared today on the ArXiv preprint server, Verlinde shows how his theory of gravity accurately predicts the velocities by which the stars rotate around the center of the Milky Way, as well as the motion of stars inside other galaxies.

"We have evidence that this new view of gravity actually agrees with the observations, " says Verlinde. "At large scales, it seems, gravity just doesn't behave the way Einstein's theory predicts."

See

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Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Erik Verlinde

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.02269.pdf

This theory postulates that dark matter does not exist. It is really entangment what connect spact time together that changes the nature of gravity as a fallout of quantum information theory. In short, NO DARK MATTER.

The dark matter connection with the hydrino is a fantasy cooked up by the word salad that is hydrino theory. So sorry...

GameOver Asked:

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That does not qualify as a clear statement to me. I would like to read where Wizkid (Tom Conover) clearly wrote that he purchased pure isotopes for his experiments. If this is important it must have been explicitly mentioned somewhere, also given that isotopically pure chemicals have a higher (sometimes much higher) purchase price. Given the low-tech, low-cost nature of his experiments I am skeptical that he did.

I asked WizKid explicitly about where he got his idea to use lithium 7 in his systems. WizKid Responded as follows:

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Axil Axil: wizkid a month ago

how did you ever think to use pure Li7, or was it just luck?

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wizkid: Axil Axil - a month ago

Axil, Axil ! All results in research require persistence and element of surprise or joy upon unfolding an answer, similar to luck but attributable to hard work, logically determined and pursued. I saw the isotopic analysis story here on ecat world, re-wrote the analysis on a chalkboard with another line to show what I thought was missing, (used or added), and it was obvious to me that Li7 was needed in some way shape or form. I asked the man that knows the answer, Andrea Rossi, and he go so excited and told me that I had replicated his experiment (NOT TRUE, at least at that time) but here are the quotes from his blog to clarify for you.

Tom

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Andrea Rossi July 16, 2016 at 9:10 PM
Tom Conover:Thank you for this very interesting comment, but you did not put the "table below" with the isotopical transmutations obtained in your experiment to replicate, very intelligently, the effect from my patent! Please send it, or write in a comment the isotopes before and after your experiments.

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Tom Conover July 16, 2016 at 10:34 PM
Dear Andrea,

Please let me first say these were isotopic numbers from the EcatWorld website from an UNKNOWN POSTER, not related to my experiments. Although I would like it if they were. This version of the table should also be easier to see the results on the blog, I replace the tab characters from Xcel with spaces. These results consume 7Li.

While I have done many experiments, I have not replicated the ecat yet, none of the tests were strong enough to send in the ash for isotopic analysis. I apologize if I said anything that may have implied that.

My question is and remains "Should I replace the Li6 in my recipies with Li7 fluoride?"

Below is a nicer copy of the table you like.
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Andrea Rossi July 17, 2016 at 6:55 AM
Tom Conover: I understand, sorry, my mistake of interpretation about what you wrote.I cannot answer in positive or in negative to the kind of questions you put, but since you are making experiments, the sole way to know if a thing works is to try. Attention, though, use a mask with a proper filter and work in a well ventilated lab, because the materials you are using are toxic and dangerous. I do not know if you are an expert experimentalist or not, therefore: if you are not an expert experimentalist, please work with the assistance of an expert for safety reasons.Warm Regards,
A.R

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GameOver Asked:

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The transition to a lower energy level of hydrogen should not be a nuclear effect. Why would isotopic dependency be important here?

All metallic hydrides are superconductive. This is due to Hole Superconductivity and the associated Meissner effect.

http://physics.ucsd.edu/~jorge/hole.html

In hole superconductivity, the electrons expelled form the holes so not orbit, they form a sheet of spin current that lays very close to the holes. This acts like low orbiting electrons but no electron orbiting is occurring.

Hole Superconductivity and Bose condinsation is synonymous. Bose condensation requires bose isotopic purity to form.

In short, low orbit behavior requires Hole Superconductivity and Bose condinsation which in turn requires bose isotopic purity to form.

Quote from gameover

I tried searching out your excerpts in Google and found the original posts in this E-CatWorld thread:
http://www.e-catworld.com/2016…-report-from-tom-conover/

And found these in the comments:

If he is not using Lithium-7 anymore but he still is reportedly obtaining results, then isotopic purity is not a requirement.

......

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He also has not reported sucessful results yet if he is not using highly pure Lithium 7. Experimental results must verify the value of experimental procedures.

Note here under fuel mix

http://www.e-catworld.com/wp-c…Mixture-Test-Results2.pdf

Yield:% by volume equals .665% Ni, .165% Li7,.165% LAH total = 99.5

Li7 is not pure but is very high. This percentage is far above natural occurrence.

The Li6 stops Bose condinsation when this isotope enters the cavity. This means that only a reduced percentage of the cavities can form metallic hydride. If the number of cavities in the nickel particles are high, then there is no ill effects to the reaction. If the number of cavities are low and the amount of lithium 7 is also low then the amount of excess heat is minimal and the reaction is judged to be failed.

I said the following:

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The Rossi fuel mix is a delicate balance between lithium isotope percentage, nickel powder cavity count which stores the metallic lithium hydride and the amount of fuel to be loaded into the reactor. Too much metallic lithium hydride in the fuel mix and the reactor melts down, too little and the reactor does not startup.