Leif Holmlid: Ultra-Dense Deuterium Fusion

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http://physics.aps.org/articles/v9/154

Matter-Light Condensates Reach Thermal Equilibrium

In the Ultra dense hydrogen surface where Surface Plasmon Polaritons form, the two surfaces that support Bragg reflection to a almost perfect extent is the spin wave layer that the superconductive nature of the UDH generates and the ions that cannot absorb light because they do not have any electron orbitals in which light can give up its energy.

Light photons pass through the ions and hit the SPPs on the surface of the UDH spin wave where the photons are absorbed than integrated into the polariton waveform on the surface of the UDH forming inside the SPP. The SPP act as a near perfect "dark mode' absorber of photon energy that builds literally without limit, until that energy leaks away through Hadronization into mesons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronization

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Zephir_AWT wrote:The ionization energies are seven orders lower - you would need very large and compact stack of atoms (not just electrons) for to thermalize such an energy.

Remember that SPPs and zero spin atoms are bosons. SPPs are all bosons and will form a superatom because they are coherent. LENR does not like fermions because fermions cannot produce a condinsate. Bosonic atoms can produce a condinsate and that is why lithium 7 is a critical catalyst in the Ni/H reaction whereas lithium 6 is a poison to the reaction.

Quote from Wyttenbach

axil: What about H₂ or deep H(0)₂, H(-1)₂ arent they bosonic?

Not necessarily, Check out

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_isomers_of_hydrogen

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The time variation of the collector signals was initially assumed to be due to time-of-flight of the ejected particles from the target to the collectors. Even the relatively low particle velocity of 10–20 MeV u-1 found with this assumption [21–23] is not explainable as originating in ordinary nuclear fusion. The highest energy particles from normal D+D fusion are neutrons with 14.1 MeV and protons with 14.7 MeV [57]. The high-energy protons are only formed by the D + 3He reaction step, which is relatively unlikely and for example not observed in our laser-induced D+D fusion study in D(0) [14]. Any high-energy neutrons would not be observed in the present experiments. Thus, ordinary fusion D+D cannot give the observed particle velocities. Further, similar particle velocities are obtained also from the laser-induced processes in p(0) as seen in Figs 4, 6 and 7 etc, where no ordinary fusion process can take place. Thus, it is apparent that the particle energy observed is derived from other nuclear processes than ordinary fusion.

Sorry my good fellows; forget fusion. Like any good scientist, Holmlid has gotten over his preconception of fusion as the energy source for these sub atomic particles. In other words, LENR has nothing to do with fusion or neutrons. Kaon production points to a amplified weak force decay process working to decay protons and neutrons providing a initial energy potential of a giga electron volts per reaction as all the mass of these nucleons are converted to mesons. There is a huge amount of energy consumed in meson production, and a trifling amount to heat.

The take away...if you want to detect the LENR reaction, learn how to detect muons!!!

Quote from Zephir_AWT

You have it opposite, the Holmlid's experiments have very little to do with cold fusion or LENR, he is running hot fusion, as he expressed himself:

No, I research not about cold fusion,

Holmlid said this back in the summer of 2015. Now in 2017, Holmlid says: "it is apparent that the particle energy observed is derived from other nuclear processes than ordinary fusion."

Holmlid states that results are the same for deuterium and protium. Portium fusion is impossible under these experimental conditions.

Holmlid thus states:

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Thus, it is apparent that the particle energy observed is derived from other nuclear processes than ordinary fusion. It is clear that such laser-induced nuclear processes exist in p(0) as well as in D(0).

No helium is seen near the reaction. The muons exit the experiment, so any muon catalyzed helium is produced away from the primary reaction zone and far from the experiment.

This new paper from Holmlid explains why he now deduces that LENR cannot be a fusion based reaction as a primary cause because the energy of the mesons produced are far to great. The energy produced is in the giga electron volt range. This is a change in Holmlid's thinking. I respect a man that can change his mind under the weight of experimental evidence.

The hydrogen nanoparticle that produces the mesons are 3 to 6 planes long.

The fact that these ultra dense hydrogen nanoparticles are superconductive is the reason why no gammas are produced by the subatomic particles that they produce. Holmlid has found that these nanoparticles are small and look like this:

The picture above shows a six plane nanoparticle. Each plane is comprised of a cooper pair of protons as a core and a spin wave sheet of electrons on the outside as a cover.

quoted from the paper:

"The initial laser-induced processes on the target are not yet known, so it is here assumed that kaons and pions are formed more or less directly at the laser target from small HN(0) clusters, probably with N = 3–6. Direct evidence of the size of these clusters exists (to be published)."

Holmlid mentions the "Hole" superconductor theory of Hirsch JE. The origin of the Meissner effect in new and old superconductors. Phys. Scr. 2012;85:035704.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1201.013...

In this theory, the positive charge is concentrated in the center of the nanoparticle and the negative charges form a spin wave on the outside of the positive core{see (a) in fig 2}.

fig 2. (b) shows the configuration of the electrons and holes before Hole superconductivity begins, and (c) shows the rotation of the electron/polariton spin wave.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

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"In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of radioactive decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron.[1] There is currently no experimental evidence that proton decay occurs.

According to the Standard Model, protons, a type of baryon, are stable because baryon number (quark number) is conserved (under normal circumstances; see chiral anomaly for exception). Therefore, protons will not decay into other particles on their own, because they are the lightest (and therefore least energetic) baryon.

Some beyond-the-Standard Model grand unified theories (GUTs) explicitly break the baryon number symmetry, allowing protons to decay via the Higgs particle, magnetic monopoles or new X bosons with a half-life of 1031 to 1036 years. To date, all attempts to observe new phenomena predicted by GUTs (like proton decay or the existence of magnetic monopoles) have failed."

The ultra dense hydrogen nanoparticle acts as a monopole quasiparticle which capitalizes proton decay. The structure of this nanoparticle focuses the spin from polaritons that forms on it surface to project forward in a tight SPIN beam to zap protons. The photons come from the laser beam that the UDH absorbs on it surface of the noble metal storage area to form polaritons. There is a superradiant based cause that also is in play to greatly amplify the magnetic power of the beam. The UHD BEC forms from many coherent UHD particles that multiplies the strength of the SPIN monopole beam.

Holmlid says that there is many neutral kaons produced. Their decay product is

π+ + π−

or

π0 + π0

In words: a positive and negative pion or two neutral pion.

the pion decays into the same charged muon but the neutral pion decays via a gamma.

The decay chain should produce a huge amount of gamma rays but in LENR gamma are thermalized by the BEC UDH condinsate through super-absorption.

The following is a rendering of the tracts from UDH that exists in LENR ash in a photographic emulsion.

These particle tracks as shown above were formed when ash from a LENR reactor was placed on a photo emulsion. I beleive that these particles are ultra dense hydrogen nanoparticles that have formed a Bose condinsate.

The highly visible tracks from the Figure below were digitized point-by-point in a graphics editor. It shows entangled motion of unidentified LENR based particles in a photo emulsion.

These entangled particles are most likely ultra dense hydrogen that is metastable when excited such as via a laser.

The first nuclear reaction that occurs in tha Holmlid experiment is meson production which has nothing to do with fusion:

Holmlid writes:

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"The time variation of the collector signals was initially assumed to be due to time-of-flight of the ejected particles from the target to the collectors. Even the relatively low particle velocity of 10–20 MeV u-1 found with this assumption [21–23] is not explainable as originating in ordinary nuclear fusion. The highest energy particles from normal D+D fusion are neutrons with 14.1 MeV and protons with 14.7 MeV [57]. The high-energy protons are only formed by the D + 3He reaction step, which is relatively unlikely and for example not observed in our laser-induced D+D fusion study in D(0) [14]. Any high-energy neutrons would not be observed in the present experiments. Thus, ordinary fusion D+D cannot give the observed particle velocities. Further, similar particle velocities are obtained also from the laser-induced processes in p(0) as seen in Figs 4, 6 and 7 etc, where no ordinary fusion process can take place. Thus, it is apparent that the particle energy observed is derived from other nuclear processes than ordinary fusion."

Like any good scientist, Holmlid has gotten over his preconception of fusion as the energy source for these sub atomic particles. In other words, the "primary" reaction of LENR has nothing to do with fusion or neutrons. Kaon production points to a amplified weak force decay process working to decay protons and neutrons providing a initial energy potential of a giga electron volts per reaction as all the mass of these nucleons are converted to mesons. There is a huge amount of energy consumed in meson production, and a trifling amount to heat.

As a secondary reaction produced by sub atomic particles, muon and pion catalyzed fusion occurs away from the primary weak force decay reaction.

In LENR, there is a large amount of electrons created when muons decay. This is where Rossi gets his electric production from.

I would guesstimate that 99% of the energy output of a LENR reactor comes in the form of muons that will decay into electrons. Rossi says that his QuarkX reactor produces 20% of it COP as electric power (aka electrons).

The QuarkX reactor must produce huge amounts of muons for all those electrons to form so close to the meson shower.

Holmlid also states as follows:

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"The state s = 1 may lead to a fast nuclear reaction. It is suggested that this involves two nucleons, probably two protons. The first particles formed and observed [16,17] are kaons, both neutral and charged, and also pions. From the six quarks in the two protons, three kaons can be formed in the interaction. Two protons correspond to a mass of 1.88 GeV while three kaons correspond to 1.49 GeV. Thus, the transition 2 p → 3 K is downhill in internal energy and releases 390 MeV. If pions are formed directly, the energy release may be even larger. The kaons formed decay normally in various processes to charged pions and muons. In the present experiments, the decay of kaons and pions is observed directly normally through their decay to muons, while the muons leave the chamber before they decay due to their easier penetration and much longer lifetime."

Holmlid recognized that the DECAY or annihilation of protons pairs are where the mesons come from. This decay is a weak force reaction in which a huge amount of energy is produced...(1.88 GeV while three kaons correspond to 1.49 GeV).

The use of Deuterium has nothing to do with proton decay. The protium nanoparticle can produce proton decay just as well as deuterium. The protium nanoparticle will still produce the 1.88 GeV as well as the deuterium nanoparticle.

Fusion is just as secondary side issue.

In order to form these ultra dense nanoparticles, the hydrogen isotope must be pure because the Hole superconductor will not form if isotopes are mixed.

This rule also applies to lithium which can also produce a ultra dense nanoparticle.

Holmlid is producing K-mesons through the use of a catalyst. This type of meson contains a "strange" quark (AKA Kaon).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon

This type of quark does not exist in matter. It has only been seen in high energy reactions produced by atom smashers. This subatomic particle produces a violation of charge conservation. The production of this particle in the Hot-cat is why that reactor can produce an abundance of electrons from nothing. This appearance excess electrons and this "strangeness" is a sure sign that both Rossi and Holmlid have found the key to unlock the door to the nucleus.