Who ? Newton ? Studied it ? Imagine newtonians law with respect to "there is no time". Come on, dude.
The process by which the proton decays in LENR
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... I warned You all, don't tell me, I did not tell You.....
....what the hell is wrong with that guy..... -
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I just have an idea...a belief that I need to express. Please excuse me, so sorry if it scares you.
scaring ? You are selling absolute nonsense as if there is only one QUANT of it true, as on aclands forum and here all the time. This is nothing scientific. This is nothing but a combined nonsensical rubbish, violating basic rules and laws, posted as "LENR in a nutshell".
Why Do You continuously post that kind of nonsense and try to sell that as a "even slightest part of being true" ???
It seems, that ADD syndrom might be the only answer for that.THIS CONTENT-FREE POST AND THE AD-HOM GETS YOU BANNED FOR 2 WEEKS. Alan.
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https://phys.org/news/2017-04-…um-phase-transitions.html
Study offers new theoretical approach to describing non-equilibrium phase transitions
A new and elegant take on Quantum Mechanics has arrived on the scene just in time to help explain how LENR works. With this new tool, dynamic systems are understood to include phase transitions at the extreme limits of their solution sets.
Dynamic operators that have been only discovered a few years ago are now widely used in quantum optics which is at the heart of the LENR reaction.
Phase transitions are hot in physics now central to the understanding of the Higgs field, optics with changing indices of refraction, and superconductivity all demonstrate phase transitions and the famous Mexican hat upside down potential that only using the complex number set can properly explain.
In this figure, think of the blue optical resonators as the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) with a whispering gallery wave structure. The red toroids are the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
In this experimental setup explained by the figure, coupled optical resonators (paired red and blue toroids on little pedestals) are PT symmetry systems. When they are tuned through a “phase transition” light, instead of moving through them in both directions, can only travel one way.
In LENR terms when a phase transition occurs is the SPP optical resonators, and when a proton decays, the energy of that decay in the form of a Gamma ray can only be absorbed by the SPP. Light energy cannot move from the SPP into the proton.
We learn from this model that quantum theories need not obey the conventional mathematical condition of Hermiticity so long as they obey the physical geometric condition of space-time-reflection symmetry (PT symmetry).
PT symmetry challenges a standard convention in physics—the widely held belief that a quantum Hamiltonian must be Hermitian. And, because PT symmetry is a weaker condition than Hermiticity, there are infinitely many Hamiltonians that are PT symmetric but non-Hermitian; we can now study new kinds of quantum theories that would have been rejected in the past as being unphysical. Moreover, PT-symmetric systems exhibit a feature that Hermitian systems cannot; as indicated in the energy levels become complex when energy from outside the system changes in the system.
The transition from real to complex energies is a key feature of PT-symmetric systems and it is called the PT phase transition. At this transition the system goes from a state of physical equilibrium (called a state of unbroken PT symmetry) to nonequilibrium (broken PT symmetry).
LENR occurs when PT symmetry is broken in an optical micro cavity.
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In LENR terms when a phase transition occurs is the SPP opticalresonators, and when a proton decays, the energy of that decay in the form of aGamma ray can only be absorbed by the SPP. Light energy cannot move from theSPP into the proton.
Hello Axil:
I believe that you should not talk of proton decay. In LENR cascade reactions the energies available are high enough for spontaneous particle creation. If we see both +- Kaons then the particles were created out of the Dirac see. If we see only one kind then it's decay.
Holmlid cannot distinguish them(+- Kaons/Pions).
Muons are resonances of electrons. According to Mills there is no need for a decay to generate a muon. You just need a photon around 100MeV. Would be interesting if LENR could directly produce muons as a kind of “evaporation” of nuclear excess energy!
I hope CERN will analize Holmlids output!
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Would be interesting if LENR could directly produce muons as a kind of “evaporation” of nuclear excess energy!
I believe that particle creation does account for much of the energy catalyzed by LENR. This process is called Hadronization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadronization
QuoteIn particle physics, hadronization (or hadronisation) is the process of the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons. This occurs after high-energy collisions in a particle collider in which quarks or gluons are created. Due to colour confinement, these cannot exist individually. In the Standard Model they combine with quarks and antiquarks spontaneously created from the vacuum to form hadrons. The QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) of the hadronization process are not yet fully understood, but are modeled and parameterized in a number of phenomenological studies, including the Lund string model and in various long-range QCD approximation schemes
Holmlid has seen muons produced by activated Ultra dense hydrogen even when the UDH is removed long term from any stimulation by light. The production of these muon decreases over time until the UDH is re energizes through exposure to light. Such pre activated UDH has a shelf life of months. It appears that this UDH can maintain their stored energy content at high efficiency for an extended period of time
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It appears that this UDH can maintain their stored energy content at high efficiency for an extended period of time
@ Axil: Nobody so far has explained what happens with a 4He nucleus that has no momentum and just an excess-energy below 20MeV. Electromagnetic radiation is not possible. But a 4D oscillating 4He nucleus will possible introduce a huge disturbance on the electron-environment, which finally may lead to entanglement between multiple metastable 4He.
This is the second LENR step Gullström is discussing.
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@ Axil: Nobody so far has explained what happens with a 4He nucleus that has no momentum and just an excess-energy below 20MeV. Electromagnetic radiation is not possible. But a 4D oscillating 4He nucleus will possible introduce a huge disturbance on the electron-environment, which finally may lead to entanglement between multiple metastable 4He.
This is the second LENR step Gullström is discussing.
The fusion results that appear in many LENR experiments such as the production of He4, tritium and He3 are a secondary side reaction produced by muon and/or pion catalyzed fusion,
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The fusion results that appear in many LENR experiments such as the production of He4, tritium and He3 are a secondary side reaction produced by muon and/or pion catalyzed fusion,
axil: This is definitely wrong. You are to much focussed on Holmlids high-energy fusion, which is by no way proven LENR!
May be you should show us a formula (= concrete physics!) how inside PtD a muon spontaneously gets created... And don't forget you need twice the energy of a muon..if it's a pair creation event!
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axil: This is definitely wrong. You are to much focussed on Holmlids high-energy fusion, which is by no way proven LENR!
May be you should show us a formula (= concrete physics!) how inside PtD a muon spontaneously gets created... And don't forget you need twice the energy of a muon..if it's a pair creation event!
An experiment suggested as a probe of the nature of the LENR reaction involving the fission of thorium as follows:
This experiment is based on this one that has been already performed as follows:
Initiation of nuclear reactions under laser irradiation of Au nanoparticles in
the presence of Thorium aqua-ions
A.V. Simakin and G.A. Shafeev
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0906/0906.4268.pdf
"The resulting average size of Au NPs as determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy lies between 10 and 20 nm."
The addition is to configure this experiment with two double concentric glass chambers with pure water and gold nanoparticles in the inner chamber and one with a thorium salt in solution in water filling the outer chamber but without any nanoparticles inside of it.
First test the two concentric chambers without nanoparticles added to the inner chamber. Expect to see no transmutation in either the inner or the outer chamber.
Next test the two concentric chambers with nanoparticles added to the inner chamber. Expect to see transmutation results involving thorium in the outer chamber as was seen in the referenced experiment done by A.V. Simakin and G.A. Shafeev.
This will show that interaction between light and nanoparticles produce the LENR reaction and that the reaction is carried out at a distance by subatomic particles that can penetrate a glass wall.
Variations on the wall material: aluminum, iron, stainless steel, lead etc can be carried out if the laser beam enters the inner chamber from an open top of the inner chamber.
Next, a high voltage spark discharge can replace the laser light that is fired just above the top of the water level on the inner chamber. As a probe of the LENR reaction with gold nanoparticles present, expect to see transmutation results involving thorium in the outer chamber.No LENR reactions will be produced without the presence of gold nanoparticles in the inner chamber.
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Based on the post above, an organized approach to LENR experimentation
As an aid to LENR developers, a nanoplasmonic based experiment suggested as a probe of the nature of the LENR reaction involving the fission of thorium by muons.
An organized and scientific approach in testing various combinations of test various materials and temperature ranges involving the LERN reaction can be carried out within the framework of this class of experiment.
This expanded experiment is based on this already verified experiement that has already been performed as follows:
Initiation of nuclear reactions under laser irradiation of Au nanoparticles in
the presence of Thorium aqua-ions
A.V. Simakin and G.A. Shafeev
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0906/0906.4268.pdf
“The resulting average size of Au NPs as determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy lies between 10 and 20 nm.”
The addition is to configure this experiment with two double concentric glass chambers with pure water and gold nanoparticles in the inner chamber and one with a thorium salt in solution in water filling the outer chamber but without any nanoparticles inside of it.
First, test the two concentric chambers without nanoparticles added to the inner chamber. Expect to see no transmutation in either the inner or the outer chamber.
Next, test the two concentric chambers with nanoparticles added to the inner chamber. Expect to see transmutation results involving thorium in the outer chamber as was seen in the referenced experiment done by A.V. Simakin and G.A. Shafeev.
This will show that interaction between light and nanoparticles produce the LENR reaction and that the reaction is carried out at a distance by subatomic particles that can penetrate a glass wall.
Variations on the wall material: aluminum, iron, stainless steel, lead etc. can be carried out if the laser beam enters the inner chamber from an open top of the inner chamber.
Next, a high voltage spark discharge can replace the laser light that is fired just above the top of the water level on the inner chamber. As a probe of the LENR reaction with gold nanoparticles present, expect to see transmutation results involving thorium in the outer chamber.
No LENR reactions will be produced without the presence of gold nanoparticles in the inner chamber.
The simplicity of the framework of this experiment lends itself to adding variations to optimize the LENR reaction.
The optimum matching of material type and light frequency can be determent by changing the size of the nano/micro particles and the light frequency produced by the LASER. Gold, silver, nickel, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium and so on are material variations.
Various crystal frequency doublets can be used to change the frequency of the LASER light.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunable_laser
The efficiency of the wall material as a shielding against muon penetration can also be determined.
The heat range of the LENR reaction can be probed by replacing water with transparent molten salt (FLiBe) as the nanoparticle support medium. FliBe dissolves thorium.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLiBe
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As an aid to LENR developers, a nanoplasmonic based experiment suggested as a probe of the nature of the LENR reaction involving the fission of thorium by muons.
Axil: I agree that a large part of LENR reaction outcome is based on "muon like" physics. But there is a huge difference between "muon like physics" and "free muons"! Most free muons will escape and the energy is simply lost. You need a massive (some 10 cm) wall of copper to hold muons back.
The key thought of today is core electron "chemistry". If you pump to much energy (Holmlid) into the outer shell, then the atom has no other choice than promoting The energy to inner orbits. Because on the one side high "J" states are prohibitted by pessure and on the other side, the transition needed to get rid of the extra energy is dominated by the power/energy ratio. The more power the shell electron wants to get rid of the longer it takes!
Due to momentum conservation of e.g. the laser beam pulse, the main energy release by the nucleus will by high energy EM radiation in direction of the laser pulse!
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Axil: I agree that a large part of LENR reaction outcome is based on "muon like" physics. But there is a huge difference between "muon like physics" and "free muons"! Most free muons will escape and the energy is simply lost. You need a massive (some 10 cm) wall of copper to hold muons back.
The key thought of today is core electron "chemistry". If you pump to much energy (Holmlid) into the outer shell, then the atom has no other choice than promoting The energy to inner orbits. Because on the one side high "J" states are prohibitted by pessure and on the other side, the transition needed to get rid of the extra energy is dominated by the power/energy ratio. The more power the shell electron wants to get rid of the longer it takes!
Due to momentum conservation of e.g. the laser beam pulse, the main energy release by the nucleus will by high energy EM radiation in direction of the laser pulse!
Superconductive hydride structure contains a spin wave cover instead of orbiting electrons.
Spin wave produced by Hole superconductivity
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The process by which the proton decays in LENR.
Some esoteric process is causing the proton to decay in LENR. This process is the root source for the production of energy and sub atomic particles in LENR.Whatever is causing the proton to decay into strange matter is a new unrecognized if not unknown process in physics.
Thanks about this. I agree. And this Riemann equation is a bulls eye too! Thank you for this hint. It really helps me forward with this;
https://www.researchgate.net/p…ything_-THE_MATH_07102016
it also makes more than clear that the anti materie is just bullshit.
Proton decays to light, and there is nothing strange between, Just muons and other observable stuff.
- There is NO neutrinos!
- There is NO mass!
If you just forget the MeV "mass-energy" countings it all becomes easy and clear and verifiable in the lab.
As Nothing is missing. It's just never was there.
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Magnetism and fermions have a special relationship. Electrons will absorb magnetic flux lines in order to reduce that energy that it takes for these electrons to move together. Magnetism can reduce the charge of an electron so that electrons can maintain their distance from each other together using less coulomb energy. This magnetic influence on the nature of the fermion is what the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is all about.
The composite fermions is a pseudo particle concept that has been developed to explain how the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect influences the electron.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_fermion
Quarks are fermions too. They also have a special relationship to magnetic field lines but not the same as that of the electrons. Quarks can change their nature when they encounter magnetic knots (AKA instantons) that develop inside the nucleon when these knots are formed in response to twisting of unequal magnetic field lines.
These knots are explained here
https://phys.org/news/2017-06-…ts-evoke-lord-kelvin.html
Magnetic nano knots evoke Lord Kelvin's vortex theory of atoms. How can the formation of these knots be controlled? I wonder what the nature of the magnetic lines must be like to from knots inside a nucleon. A gamma ray can come out of a nucleus and that EMF has a high frequency and extreme power…is that a clue? Does the magnetic knot localized inside a nucleon require magnetic field lines of extreme density in order for the magnetic flux to make an impact?
The change in nucleons do not show up in ordinary applications of magnetism, so what kinds of changes in magnetism produce nucleon effects? Protons and neutrons are each about 1.4*10e–15 m in diameter. A quark is smaller yet. It is, as one might expect, very small indeed. The data tell us that the radius of the quark is smaller than 43 billion-billionths of a centimeter (0.43 x 10e−16 cm). That’s 2000 times smaller than a proton radius, which is about 60,000 times smaller than the radius of a hydrogen atom.
The job that is needed to be done is to get enough magnetism inside the nucleon to make a difference. But the density of magnetic flux that is required to interact with a quark is truly huge. Everyday sources of magnetism cannot produce the density in the magnetic flux that is large enough for the quark to feel it.
The way to satisfy the high power requirement for magnetic flux is concentration of magnetic radiation similar to how light is concentrated by a laser. There are certain structures in nature that can convert, store, and focus spin, the fundamental basis of magnetism in open ended quantity. This structure operates on the Nano level which is close to the nucleons that are the target of this intense magnetism so that the inverse square law works to the advantage of magnetic amplification.
The feasibility of nucleon decay depends on the existence of proper nanoscale structures that are able to concentrate, amplify, and focus spin on the scale that can be meaningful and interactive with the various nuclear components. Another factor that makes the organization of spin more complicated is the effect of entanglement, coherence, condensation, and superconductivity on these nano-scale structures that might support super-strong magnetic flux projection. Here super-radiance becomes an issue where the power of the magnetic field is multiplied by the number of nano-scale structures in the condensate. This number in indeterminate and can conceivably be huge.
Metallic hydrogen forms a superconductive wire like nanostructure that can produce all the requirements necessary to produce huge highly focused and dense nano-scale magnetic field flux lines.
Reference:
The influence of strong magnetic fields and instantons on the phase structure of the two-flavor NJL model.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0911.2164
QuoteAbstract:
Both in heavy-ion collisions as in magnetars very strong magnetic fields are produced, which has its influence on the phases of matter involved. In this paper we investigate the effect of strong magnetic fields (B _ 5m2_/e = 1.7×10e19G) on the chiral symmetry restoring phase transition using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is observed that the pattern of phase transitions depends on the relative magnitude of the magnetic field and the instanton interaction strength. We study two specific regimes in the phase diagram, high chemical potential and zero temperature and vice versa, which are of relevance for neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions respectively. In order to shed light on the behavior of the phase transitions we study the dependence of the minima of the effective potential on the occupation of Landau levels. We observe a near-degeneracy of multiple minima with differing occupation numbers, of which some become the global minimum upon changing the magnetic field or the chemical potential. These minima differ considerably in the amount of chiral symmetry breaking and in some cases also of isospin breaking.
As explained in this reference, It has been experimentally shown in quark plasmas that the interaction between quarks (fermions) and magnetic field change the charge/spin, color, and mass of the quark. These changes affect the stability of the nucleon resulting in the disintegration of the nucleon into mesons.
