Mizuno : Publication of kW/COP2 excess heat results

heavy electrons 2014

ICCF 2013 Mizuno

timemark ~ 18.27

Quote from Henry

Oi oi, Mizuno san

Which document were you quoting Henry?

HEAVY electrons as postulated in the Mizuno patent

I think the concept re:LENR Dates back to Bussaud 1989

Bussards paper can be accessed from

google search "Metal Lattice Fusion - CiteSeerX"

"These electrons exhibit an “effective mass” that may be considerably higher than that of a free electron, due to

their strong electric interaction with the repetitive potential structure of the lattice itself. Electron motion under externally imposed oscillating electric fields is

therefore governed by the degree to which they are connected to the lattice fields. Electron density waves due to currents propagate through and interchange momentum with this structure. If there are many free electrons at the top of unfilled energy bands as in the case of bare palladium ,

the coupling will be strong and the effective mass large m* = 27 in bare palladium.

As the number density of available electrons is decreased, the coupling and the effective mass decrease. Both Seitz9 and Kittell10 point out that

the effective mass is a real physical phenomenon, not simply a mathematical construct concerning “... density of states and energy in the band structure...,” as argued recently by Garwin.11"

Bussard states that if the Deuterium to Palladium ratio is greater than 2:3 the effective mass goes back to 1.

also Bussard states

"

The most obvious source for additional energy is from

reaction of tritium with in situ deuterium by the usual

D + T = 4He + n reaction. The D+D reaction rate may then

be increased if local deuterium nuclei can be excited by
collisions with fast tritons, protons, or 4He to energies

significantly above the effective 100 to 150 eV that characterize lattice fusion

in the virtual bound state just described."

Mizuno replication paper published by the indefatigable Rothwell

indefatigable?? maybe but perhaps "ashi ga bou ni naru "

"Anomalous Excess Heat Generated by the Interaction between

Nano-structured Pd/Ni Surface and D2 Gas"

Takehiko Itoh; Yasuhiro Iwamura ,Jirohta Kasagi, Hiroki Shishido

"We tried to reproduce the heat generation experiment reported by Mizuno. We followed the same procedures using same experimental apparatus. As a result, the phenomenon reported by Mizuno could be reproduced."

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf Pg 179

Sendai Replication

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ BiberianJPjcondensedw.pdf Pg 179

"At the present time there are many data analyzing the effects of temperature, pressure conditions and material properties

(structure and composition) of this phenomenon

."

Translation: the transmutation data will be discussed in a later report?

D2 nanostructure 'preparation' by plasma sputtering . Tungsten, Bavaria...

in IAEA journal 'Nuclear Fusion' ..

of course no mention of cold fusion...not on the Mizuno path ... YET

Its ironic that the Germans find this to be 'damage'

whereas Mizuno uses the effect as a vital tool.

Deuterium supersaturation in low-energy plasma-loaded tungsten surfaces

L. Gao, W. Jacob, U. von Toussaint, A. Manhard, M. Balden, K. Schmid T. Schwarz-Selinger

Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

E-mail: [email protected]

Published 11 November 2016
Abstract

Fundamental understanding of hydrogen–metal interactions is challenging due to a lack of

knowledge on defect production and/or evolution upon hydrogen ingression, especially for

metals undergoing hydrogen irradiation with ion energy below the displacement thresholds

reported in literature. Here, applying a novel low-energy argon-sputter depth profiling method

with significantly improved depth resolution for tungsten (W) surfaces exposed to deuterium

(D) plasma at 300 K, we show the existence of a 10 nm thick D-supersaturated surface layer

(DSSL) with an unexpectedly high D concentration of ~10 at.% after irradiation with ion

energy of 215 eV. Electron back-scatter diffraction reveals that the W lattice within this DSSL

is highly distorted, thus strongly blurring the Kikuchi pattern. We explain this strong damage

by the synergistic interaction of energetic D ions and solute D atoms with the W lattice.

Solute D atoms prevent the recombination of vacancies with interstitial W atoms, which are

produced by collisions of energetic D ions with W lattice atoms (Frenkel pairs). This proposed

damaging mechanism could also be active on other hydrogen-irradiated metal surfaces. The

present work provides deep insight into hydrogen-induced lattice distortion at plasma–metal

interfaces and sheds light on its modelling work

Quote from Cydonia

by "heavy electrons" what are you consider ? Really heavy as muons, or simply a cluster of electrons, or heavy because fast ?

Congratulations for your good Lenr abstract Longview, really close it seems to the reality.

There are several points of reference to "heavy electrons". I have no expertise, but was first interested by the Widom, Larsen and Srivastava construction which claims said electrons can make up for the missing mass in a 'p+e --> n' scenario. The missing mass is small, less than an electron worth. But there are also many references over several decades to heavy and light electrons. Those are easily found discussed in semiconductor theory and condensed matter theory. I once offered here a modest discussion of mass variation in electrons due to deBroglie, wherein lambda = h/mv, where an electron might be constrained to a small space and hence have a low velocity AND a small lambda (rms uncertainty of position). The net result is by inference from the deBroglie relation, a time varying mass oscillation, still averaging at the canonical mass for an electron, which has been reported to many decimal places via Penning trap experiments-- allowing widely varying instantaneous electron mass values, perhaps available for a Widom-Larsen or other reactions.

Longview wrote "But there are also many references over several decades".

April 1989 enhanced mass in the palladium lattice reference.

https://phys.org/news/2010-06-…ectrons-action-video.html

First images of heavy electrons in action (w/ Video)

https://phys.org/news/2008-07-…ew-superconductivity.html

Scientists Shed Light on Heavy Electrons, Suggest New View of Superconductivity

https://phys.org/news/2011-10-…vity-heavy-electrons.html

Extremely strong coupling superconductivity of heavy-electrons in two-dimensions

https://phys.org/news/2012-06-…ectrons-heavy-speedy.html

Got mass? Scientists observe electrons become both heavy and speedy

https://phys.org/news/2007-11-…lectrons-gain-weight.html

Rutgers physicists show how electrons 'gain weight' in metal compounds near absolute zero

An alternative to plasma activation of nickel surfaces.

"High-speed manufacturing of highly regular femtosecond laserinduced

periodic surface structures: physical origin of regularity ..

Iaroslav Gnilitskyi1, Thibault J.-Y. Derrien2, Yoann Levy2, Nadezhda M. Bulgakova 2, Tomáš Mocek2 & Leonardo Orazi" 2017

Open access

Another alternative to plasma activation of nickel surfaces: home microwave oven

The oxygen,nitrogen will need to be removed some how later.

A 60-Second Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nickel Foam and Its

Application to the Impregnation of Porous Scaffolds

Enrique Ruiz-Trejo,∗,z Abul K. Azad, and John T. S. Irvine∗,z

School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom

A rapid and facile method to prepare nickel foam from nickel nitrate and glycine using a conventional microwave oven is presented. The foam, characterized by SEM, XRD-Rietveld, TG, magnetization measurements and BET contains mostly nickel metal (80 w%)

and nickel oxide (20 w%); it exhibits pores in the sub micrometric and nanometric scale and consists of particles with an average diameter of 45–47 nm and BET surface of 15.9 gm−2. This microwave-assisted combustion synthesis is used to infiltrate porous

ceramic scaffolds with nickel metal as a potential method to accelerate the fabrication of electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers. After repeated impregnation, the scaffolds of Ce0.9Gd0.1O2, saffil (high temperature insulating brick), La0.2Sr0.7TiO3

and BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.16Zn0.04O3-δ were black, exhibited electrical continuity and were easily lifted with a magnet. A comparative SEM study of the microstructure of the porous scaffolds with and without nickel is presented.

© The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

LONGVIEW,

in terms of probability, I don't suppose that "p+e=n" correlates with the levels of excess heat encountered.

I understand that Lenr people could be sepctic by the revolutionary results from Indian's guy.

Therefore, i suggest that is less easy to make a mistake by several tons (by long time) than talking about COP 5 with 50W as XH.

So, if Lenr needs both exothermic/endothermic reaction it helps us to define new ways for explanation.

As well as, if exothermic reactions makes 1 Mev , the same for both endothermic reaction the total XH balance should be close to zero but really, some XH should appaer nevertheless helped by quantum fluctuations.

As AXIL said, we preferentially detect transmutations than XH. Concretely what would that mean ?

Imagine 2 H atoms and 2 another atoms just in a few space (NAE?), the first combination is endothermic with one H and one atom, the second combination is exothermic, so the balance is close to zero, that we see ,a few XH, therefore a bigger transmutation rate.

Now, we should consider 2 H atom associated not with 2 another atoms rather with 2 differents isotopes of the same atom.

Sorry, for my poor explanation because, it 's difficult to explain easily.

What does that mean, in the case of P&F, for example ?

They used Pd which have 6 stable isotopes, that means also several different isotopes should be "mixed" in the same sample.

By this way, it 's possible to meet both different exothermic/endothermic combination between Pd isotopes/Deuterium.

In Rossi's case, a lot people talked about Ni 62 role.

Maybe be he mixed a few Ni62 ( or 63) with common Ni isotope to meet the same behavior as i described before ?

Then reaction triggered, transmutations appaers to maintain this process.

In Piantelli's case, at the beginning, are we sure that his Ni rod was plenty of isotope 58 ? It would be just a few exposures close to radioactive points to move its isotopic distribution.

this explanation could be in relation with NAE concept from E Storms, a small space with H isotopes + 2 different isotopes from the same metal,or not ( exo+endo Lenr reaction) + energy from outside ( What you want, it doesn't matter, therefore heat remains more convenient) to destabilize both reactions to fall into a new lower equilibrium with few relative XH and full transmutations.

In Mizuno's experiment deuterium is used and nanostructured nickel.

The isotope changes in the Nickel have yet to be published.

I believe they will be minor and do not account for the excess heat.

Deuterium has lowest binding energy per nucleon(it has only two) of most substances

I believe that deuterium fusion is the origin of excess heat

but what reactions ? needs further research..,and funding.

Kim 2012 states this

As shown in Fig. 1 below, at ambient temperatures or low energies (≤10 eV), deuterium fusion in metal proceeds via the following reactions:

{4} D(m) + D(m) → p(m) + T(m) + 4.03 MeV (m);

{5} D(m) + D(m) → n(m) + 3He(m) + 3.27 MeV (m);

{6} D(m) + D(m) → 4He(m) + 23.8 MeV (m),

lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KimYEconvention.pdf