Ken Shoulders ; The Man Who Made Black Holes

Alan Smith

I think the main reason is that most links pointing to them are rather old. Luckily they're mostly text-only and in many instances they can be accessed with an archived version using archive.org.

Here are some related links:

• http://www.svn.net/krscfs/ (site dead, This was the original Ken Shoulders' website)
• http://www.keelynet.com/shoulders/ (mirror of Ken Shoulders' website)
• http://www.keelynet.com/shoulders/pdfs.html (documents in PDF format)
• http://www.keelynet.com/shoulders/videos.html (Shoulders' lightning videos+document)
• http://www.rexresearch.com/shoulders/shouldersevoarchive.htm (another archive of Shoulders' papers)
• http://oriharu.net/evo/ (archive with Shoulders documents not found in other pages)

Below are attached those I downloaded in a compressed archive (it would be useful if LENR-Forum accepted larger files so that I could use just one compressed file).

Good luck with your experiment, looking forward to read the results. Hopefully if there is any anomalous electrical gain it will be visible at lower frequencies too, however. An ignition coil would have been attractive for that, but it's only good for pulses up to about 10 kHz, I think.

@Alan Smith:

The 10X generation of electrons in the K. Shoulders experiment comes from silicon carbide vaporization in air. The posit that overunity energy production is based on some sort of fusion reaction just does not fit into any explanation of where all these excess electrons are coming from. The question to be answered is: what nuclear reaction can produce only electrons and possibly some heat and light that involves air and silicon carbide? How will your proposed experiment deal with the issue of providing data about formulating a theory to explain this overunity in electron production?

Below is attached the article "Charge Cluster Energy Devices" by Hal Fox which also offers a relatively recent (1999) summary of Shoulders' work. The source was the Rex Archive page about Ken Shoulders.

This is mentioned in the initial paragraphs:

Quote

[...] Kenneth Shoulders's achievement of over 30X as much electrical output as input is a high-density charge cluster technology.

Referring to one of his patents (US5,018,180 "Energy conversion using high charge density" of 1991. EDIT: there's also US5,123,039 of 1992 which has the same title but different claims); I think the relevant section is "31. Energy Converters" which I haven't read in detail yet.

axil

If I understood correctly so far from the available documentation, a dielectric material must preferably be present along the path of these EVs between the cathode and the anode (a direct discharge must be avoided), but it doesn't necessarily have to be silicon carbide.

Quote from axil

The 10X generation of electrons in the K. Shoulders experiment comes from silicon carbide vaporization in air.

And the mechanism?

Quote from can

Below is attached the article "Charge Cluster Energy Devices" by Hal Fox which also offers a relatively recent (1999) summary of Shoulders' work. The source was the Rex Archive page about Ken Shoulders.

This is mentioned in the initial paragraphs:

Referring to one of his patents (US5,018,180 "Energy conversion using high charge density" of 1991); I think the relevant section is "31. Energy Converters" which I haven't read in detail yet.

axil

If I understood correctly so far from the available documentation, a dielectric material must preferably be present along the path of these EVs between the cathode and the anode (a direct discharge must be avoided), but it doesn't necessarily have to be silicon carbide.

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Regarding:

Quote

"Shoulders reported at least one experiment in

which charge clusters were produced that measured

about 50 microns in diameter. The resuhing

electromagnetic pulse (EMP) when the charge

cluster impacted the anode caused the malfunction

ol some transistors in equipment unrelated to

the experiment. Replication ol results should be

done in screen room or a Faraday cage to prevent

damage to lab equipment."

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The cause of the failure of the transistors might not have been caused by an EMF pulse. If the Faraday cage is ineffective at protecting the electronic equipment from damage, the source of the problem might be due to muon production.

In the defkalion reactor that also used spark to activate the reaction, two layers of faraday cages could not protect the electronic equipment in that building from damage within the building in which the reactor was in operation.

Regarding:

Quote

"Kenneth Shoulders achieved over 30X as much electrical output as input in a high-density charge cluster technology".

NEXT, electrons are a decay product of meson production. A 30 fold increase in electron production might indicate a very large instantaneous burst in the generation of mesons. Within a few microseconds, a small fraction of those mesons would have decayed into electrons. The majority of these muons would be released to the far field. The failure of electrical equipment has also been reported by EM356. His meters and sensors failed and were inoperable within three meters of his experiments.

I well know FHC works below:

https://drive.google.com/file/…FmvhmYzlPUVM0T0pqZXM/view

http://iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol21.pdf#page=64

it's close Vigier explanations:

See below then again P5/10 attached file

therefore a correlation with Axil's concept, i'm not sure ???

However, axil has good ideas too but his beliefs would be more in correlation with events created in thin film.

Quote from Alan Smith

This is a historic post by axil - I think it deserves another airing in this thread.

In the reference provided below, this is what the Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) looks like when it disconnects from the lattice and moves freely. In LENR, free moving SPP solitons can be found in both the liquid and plasma phase.

See for a full description as follows:

http://aflb.ensmp.fr/AFLB-311/aflb311m484.pdf

From EGO OUT on the work of Frédéric Henry-Couannier and a preview of his upcoming presentation as follows:

Frédéric Henry-Couannier is almost all the way toward correct thinking about the fundamental causation of LENR. Micro lightning balls (mlb), is the fundamental cause of LENR. But these electromagnetic solitons have already been discovered in nanoplasmonics. They are called by their scientific name “Dark mode surface plasmon polaritons” (SPP) and are actually acoustic black holes. Most of the time thay are produced by and affixed to the metal lattice and because they are stationary, they cannot reach their maximum power potential. But when they are freed from the lattice, they can grow in strength to a huge extent. This is true for both water based and plasma based environments in which they are also formed.

For example, in a meltdown of a Ni/H reactor, the SPP becomes detached from the lattice and grows strong in a plasma as the meltdown process precedes. Like any vortex that can move; many of these solitons are attracted to each other and many might combine together to grow in intensity in their aggregation. Ken Shoulders termed these structures produced in the plasma of an electric arc EV.(or large electrons). LeClair produces these objects in his cavitation reactor and has seen them exit that reactor to punch holes in his walls and even exit his lab to punch holes in the trees outside his building. In the Proton 21 experiment, the solitons were found to decompose material far from the site of their creation. LeClair has seen a SPP eat through as much as 2 meters of copper on the surface of a copper bar.

And yet the same EMF vortex mechanism can be found inside microorganisms. Like any black hole, there are two mechanisms of reaction projection involved: a beam of magnetism the emits from one pole of the soliton. This magnetic beam is the high energy interface. Just like a quasar, the monopole like anapole magnetic field projects axially from one poll of the SPP. Penrose superradiance increases the monopole magnetic field by 20%.

Then there is the other LENR mechanism: low energy projection of multi particle entanglement. This mechanism (a worm hole connecting N particles with the SPP) provides for teleportation of energy to and from the site of the atomic transformation.

This is how atoms around the SPP are connected by multi-wormhole entanglement during a multi-atom cluster based transformation reaction. In the quantum world everything is fuzzy and uncertain. Atoms cannot be pinned down to a definite location. Called superposition, an atom may even be in two places at the same time. All this uncertainty makes determining how a reaction happens and what atoms participate in the reaction impossible to define. We only know that all the conservation laws will be followed.

In a preview of Frédéric Henry-Couannier upcoming presentation next week, I suspect that the theory (Dark Gravity) will explain how these EMF black holes interact with matter. But not only gravity can produce black holes, EMF can do it too. Any wave form that forms a boundary condition can do it, even water.

For a preview and an explanation of acoustic black holes see the following video:

Prof. Daniele Faccio: "Black Holes, With A Twist" - Inaugural Lecture

The work of Leonid Urutskoev and D.V. Filippov on exploding titanium foils are formative to my understanding of the LENR reaction. One point that greatly impressed me seen in these experiments was the detection of the LENR reaction far from the plasma channel produced by the exploding foil. I call this feature of the reaction “action at a distance”. In these exploding foil experiments, fission of uranium was detected in a chamber in the test device that was physically separated from the location of the plasma channel. From Holmlid, we now know that muons and mesons can be produced by the LENR reaction, these subatomic particles can travel over a considerable distance to initiate muon catalyzed fission.

The LENR reaction has a gigantic range of action from nanoscale energy production in biological transformations to the formation of transuranic elements of the most heavy kind at the high energy range of the reaction.

This wide range of transformation of elements confuses most LENR theorists. It is difficult to envision how transuranic elements tha usually form in the trillion degree environment inside supernova can be produced here on earth in a bucket of water.

Most of the LENR old guard believe that LeClair is mentally unbalanced for claiming that his cavitation based reaction can produce the heaviest transuranic elements that exist. Holmlid also does not understand that his laser based reaction which produce temperatures up to as much as 500 million kelvin is a LENR reaction. LENR can produce energy as high as LHC can produce or a supernova.

But transformation of elements can occur all the way up to the quark soup level of nuclear processes being as energetic as any nuclear processes to be found in the universe. The more energy that is fed into the LENR transformation process, the more energetic is the resulting nuclear products that will result.

At the very high end of the LENR reaction scale, a scale that befuddles our understanding, the scale at which transuranic elements form, the question that is begging to be answered: what force can encompass multiple atoms together with all their associated electron clouds so that they can be combined together to produce an ultra heavy atom. The answer is magnetism; nano magnetism, asymmetric magnetism, strong optical magnetism and Fano resonances in asymmetric plasmonic metamolecules, magnetism as intense as any to be found anywhere in the universe.

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Quote from Alan Smith

The work of Leonid Urutskoev and D.V. Filippov on exploding titanium foils are formative to my understanding of the LENR reaction. One point that greatly impressed me seen in these experiments was the detection of the LENR reaction far from the plasma channel produced by the exploding foil. I call this feature of the reaction “action at a distance”.

Alan Smith :

In symmetric LENR reactions matter has no momentum to release energy. The only way to get rid of excess-energy is via magnetic transport.

In Klimovs experiments (Asti) we see k-shell like emissions. In fact the process is a reverse k-shell emission, as by the law of physics the k-shell electron's keep their relative radial position and will speed up. During this event all other shell electrons are polarized too. As soon as the field disappears the electron do work like a coil, go into dissorder again and will dissipate the stored induced energy.

These fields can be very far reaching, if they start at the surface.

For anyone interested in increasing the electron capture rate of a charge cluster energy device...

Magnetic bottle layout for increasing the electron/muon capture rate for an EVO overunity electron source using permanent magnets.

Selected excerpts from US 5,123,039 (1992). Relevant figure (the one featured in the front page of the US patent, actually) colorized and with captions added from the "full pages" PDF version available here. I've just noticed that compared to US 5,018,180 it also appears to expand a bit in the description a theoretical section on the source of the excess energy; according to Shoulders here the origins of the EV are in the zero-point energy.

If I understand correctly (I can't say I have read everything yet), not only excess electric energy can be generated at the anode by the incoming EVs, but the EVs produced (or "launched") from the cathode and traveling to the anode are also able to induce a current on a helix conductor (i.e. coil) wound along their path.

It also appears that the excess output signal has a more or less fixed width regardless of that of the input signal, so it is advantageous to use very short input signals. Thus the gain is more about input pulse width rather than frequency.

Quote

19. Traveling Wave Components

One use for EV's generated within a dielectric envelope such as provided by the source 530 of FIG. 49 is in a traveling wave circuit, and particularly in a traveling wave tube. Such a device provides a good coupling technique for exchanging energy from an EV to a conventional electrical circuit, for example. In general, an EV current manipulated by any of the guiding, generating or launching devices described herein may be coupled for such an exchange of energy. For example, a traveling wave tube is shown generally at 550 in FIG. 50, and includes a launcher (generally of the type illustrated in FIG. 25), or cathode, 552 for launching or generating EV's within a cylindrically symmetric EV guide tube 554, at the opposite end of which is an anode, or collector electrode, 556. A counterelectrode ground plane 558 is illustrated exterior to and along the guide tube 554, and may partially circumscribe the guide tube. The ground plane 558 cannot completely circumscribe the tube 554 because such construction would shield the electromagnetic radiation signal from propagating out of the tube. Appropriate mounting and sealing fittings 560 and 562 are provided for positioning the launcher or cathode 552 and anode 556, respectively, at the opposite ends of the guide tube 554.

A conducting wire helix 564 is disposed about the guide tube 554 and extends generally between, or just overlaps, the launcher 552 and the anode 556. The helix 564 is terminated in a load 566, which represents any appropriate application but which must match the impedance of the helix to minimize reflections. A pulses input signal may be fed to the launcher or cathode 552 through an optical input, current-limiting, resistor 568. The input resistor 568 may be deleted if it consumes too much power for a given application. EV energy not expended to the helix 564 is collected at the anode 556 and a collector resistor 570 to ground. An output terminal 572 is provided for communication to an appropriate detector, such as an oscilloscope, for example, for wave form monitoring.

The velocity of an EV is typically 0.1 the velocity of light, or a little greater, and this speed range compares favorably with the range of delays that can be achieved by helix and serpentine delay line structures. For example, the length of the helix 564 and of the EV path from the launcher or cathode 552 to the anode 556 may be approximately 30 cm with the helix so constructed to achieve a delay of approximately 16 ns at a helix impedance of approximately 200 ohms. The impedance and delay of the helix 564 are affected, in part, by the capacitive coupling to the ground plane 558. The inside diameter of the glass or ceramic tubing 554 may be approximately 1 mm or smaller, with the tubing having an outside diameter of approximately 3 mm. An EV can be launched at a voltage of 1 kv (determined primarily by the source) at a xenon gas pressure of 10^-2 torr to achieve an output pulse of several kv, for example, from the helix 564.

As an example, with a mercury wetted copper wire as a cathode in place of the launcher 552, a xenon gas pressure of approximately 10^-2 torr, an input pulse voltage 600 ns wide at 1 kv with a firing rate of 100 pulses per second impressed through a 1500 ohm input resistor 568, and with an anode voltage of zero and a target load 570 of 50 ohms, an output voltage of -2 kv was achieved on a 200 ohm delay line 564 and an output voltage into the target 556 of -60 volts. A faint purple glow was established within the tube 554 and, when a positive input voltage was applied to the anode 556, visual EV streamers were present for the last centimeter of the EV run just before striking the anode. The wave form generated in the helix 564 is a function of the gas pressure. Generally, a sharp negative pulse of approximately 16 ns in length was produced with the aforementioned parameters, followed by a flat pulse having a length that was linearly related to the gas pressure, and which could be made to vary from virtually zero at preferred conditions of minimal gas pressure to as long as one millisecond. The input pulse repetition rate may be reduced for such high gas pressure values to permit clearing of ions within the tube between pulses to accommodate the long output pulse. The magnitude of the negative pulse increased as the gas pressure decreased. At minimal gas pressure, only a sharp negative pulse of approximately 16 ns width was obtained.

[…]

Traveling wave tubes or circuits as illustrated in FIGS. 50 and 51, for example, thus provide a technique for converting EV energy into energy that may be communicated by conventional electrical circuitry. With such techniques, electromagnetic radiation from the microwave region to visible light can be generated by EV pulses and coupled to conventional electrical circuitry by selectively adjusting the transmission line parameters and EV generation energy.

[…]

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This is the section which appears to be expanded compared to the earlier patent with the same title:

Quote

31. Energy Converters

From the discussion above regarding traveling wave circuits, it is clear that electrical energy may be obtained from an EV utilizing, for example, a traveling wave tube as illustrated in FIG. 50, or a planar traveling wave circuit as shown in FIG. 51. Energy from the EV is obtainable in the form of an electromagnetic pulse output from the traveling wave tube wire helix 564 or the planar circuit serpentine 588. This output signal is, in general, in the form of a negative pulse whose wave form is a function of the gas pressure. For minimal gas pressure, a relatively sharp negative pulse with no trailing portion is obtainable. Repeated EV propagation along the traveling wave conductor 564 or 588 results in a traveling wave output whose long term voltage average is zero; the traveling wave output is therefore ac. Energy is also obtainable at the collector electrode 556 or 586 when the EV strikes the electrode in question. Additionally, electrons emitted by the EV as well as electrons that may have been excited out of the environment, such as out of the guide material of the planar circuit, for example, may reach the collector electrode. Further, if the EV is terminated within the traveling wave or the guide channel prior to reaching the electrode, resulting electrons from the EV may be gathered at the collector. And, in any event, the passage of an EV along the traveling wave tube or the planar traveling wave device results in sudden accumulation of negative charge yielding dc output at the respective collector electrode, and the corresponding energy may be either dissipated or channeled to a useful application.

The amount of energy that may be obtained from an EV moving along a traveling wave device is dependent on the several parameters as described in Section 19. Under preferred conditions, considerably more energy is output from the traveling wave device than is necessary to generate the EV. For example, in the case described in Section 19, with an input pulse of 1 kv through the input resistor 568 of 1500 ohms, and an output pulse of 2 kv through the helix 564 having an impedance of 200 ohms, the ratio of the output peak power to the input peak power is 20,000÷667=30. This result must be multiplied by the ratio of the width of the output pulse to the input pulse width, which was given as 16 ns÷600 ns=0.027. The resulting corrected energy conversion factor is 0.027×30=0.81. However, not all of the input energy is used in generating the EV. A portion of the input energy is lost to exatation of the gas in the traveling wave tube, for example.

Under preferred conditions, the gas pressure is reduced to the lowest value that will sustain the EV generation in the tube, or envelope, at the same time losing the trailing portion of the output pulse as discussed above. The EV is formed during a brief portion early in the time of the input pulse, and this fact is reflected in a brief, sharp shoulder in the vicinity of the leading edge of the negative input pulse. Consequently, with reduced gas pressure in the traveling wave tube, the length of the input pulse may be reduced while still providing a 16 ns long output pulse. With the input pulse length reduced to 5 ns, for example, the corrected energy conversion factor becomes (16÷5)×30=96. That is to say, with the input pulse length reduced as noted, energy available at the output of the helix of the traveling wave tube is ninety-six times the energy input to the traveling wave tube, in addition to the energy consumed within the traveling wave tube and the energy available in the form of collected particles at the collector electrode.

Even a greater energy conversion factor is available if the input pulse is further reduced; an EV may be generated with an input pulse as short as 10^-3 ns. The EV is a mechanism for tapping a source of energy and providing that energy for conversion to usable electrical form.

As discussed above, a traveling wave device may be operated to output more electrical energy than is input to the device to initiate an EV and cause it to propagate along the traveling wave output conductor. The source of this increased energy appears to be the vacuum zero-point energy, or zero-point radiation. An EV, as a coupling device to zero-point energy, operates as an energy conversion mechanism whereby high frequency zero-point energy of the vacuum continuum is converted to lower frequency energy, captured as electrical output energy by the traveling wave conductor, for example. Such energy conversion from the vacuum continuum may also occur when EV's traverse an RF generator, such as shown in FIG. 59 and as discussed above. In addition to ac energy output converted from zero-point radiation by EV's, energy conversion to dc electrical output occurs when electrons are freed during passage of an EV along an RC guide, for example, as well as when an EV and/or EV-liberated electrons are captured at a counterelectrode, for example.

An EV is formed when the concentration of electrons reaches a threshold, that is, when the charge density is sufficiently high. Then, Casimir or Van der waals type forces, whose origins are in the zero-point energy, cluster the charges into the single EV entity. Once the electron cluster has been so formed into an EV, the EV entity is apparently held together by zero-point energy forces. A large portion of the electron charges contained within an EV are masked, so that the EV itself does not manifest to external measuring devices a charge size equal to the total charge contained within the EV.

As an EV moves through or across a medium, the EV interacts with its environment. For example, an EV moving across a solid surface, such as propagating along an RC guide, can cause photo, field, secondary or thermionic emission of electrons. At least some of these produced electrons may be absorbed by the EV, which may also be emitting electrons. An EV interacting with a gaseous medium causes exitation of the gas molecules to produce streamers as discussed above. A moving EV thus appears to be in an excited state, with continual interaction with nearby matter. The EV is in an unstable state and must generate electrons from its surroundings to absorb to retain that state. The EV may exist in an equilibrium state, even as electrons are absorbed, due to the forces of the zero-point energy field holding the EV together.

The emission of electrons by an EV may contribute to its propagation or propulsion. The EV may be propelled by its repulsion by electrons which the EV itself has caused to be produced from the surroundings as well as electrons the EV emits. Streamers are an indication of an optical mode of propulsion of EV's. An EV which is not interacting with its surroundings, nor emitting electrons that may be detected, yields no visible light and, therefore, its behavior cannot be observed optically. An EV in such a condition is referred to as a black EV.

Formation of an EV is a containment process in which the time average of alternating forces acting on the electrons drives them toward the region of weaker high frequency fields at the center of the container. Distortion of the container in optical frequencies, due perhaps to the interaction of the EV with surrounding material, causes the EV to be propelled forward in the direction of the emitted optical radiation, which ionizes matter in that direction, thus attracting the EV. Another mode of propulsion mentioned above involves the emission of electrons from the EV, with the consequent repulsion of the EV from the emitted electrons resulting in separation of the EV from the electrons and therefore propulsion of the EV.

As an EV moves along a guide, or a traveling wave device, the EV may be continually absorbing electrons and, at the same time, emitting electrons. Energy conversion from the zero-point radiation may be occurring in either of these two processes. Energy converted and output by means of an RF source, or a traveling wave tube, for example, in conjunction with the emission of electrons from an EV, is a fission reaction. Energy conversion occurring in conjunction with the introduction of electrons into an EV, or the formation of an EV, is a fusion process. An EV passing along a traveling wave device, for example, may be both absorbing and emitting electrons. In this way, the EV may be considered to be being continually formed as it propagates. In any event, energy is provided to the traveling wave output conductor, and the ultimate source of this energy appears to be the zero-point radiation of the vacuum continuum.

Energy output realized from a traveling wave device may be treated in a variety of ways. For example, the energy output from such a device may be utilized in a given application as soon as the energy is obtained. By contrast, the energy may be stored for later use, even after accumulation of a relatively large amount of energy over a period of time. Additionally, two or more traveling wave devices may be operated in some tandem fashion whereby their outputs may be combined, either for storage or for relatively direct use. Further, it will be appreciated that each traveling wave device provides two outputs, one in the form of an ac pulse signal obtained from the helical or serpentine conductor, and the other a dc output obtained from the collection of the EV and/or electrons freed within the traveling wave device. While both energy outputs may be utilized, the ac output is larger.

Although any type of traveling wave device may be constructed in very small form to convert energy by way of EV's, microlithographic thin film techniques may be used to advantage to construct multiple planar traveling wave circuits in integrated form.

[…]

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According to the excerpts posted above, while the pulsed current at the anode from the incoming EVOs is DC, the output signal from the current induced in the coil (by the charge of the EV moving along its travel path, which would produce a changing magnetic field) has an AC waveform "with an average voltage of zero". If the DC pulses were sufficiently close together the combined signal would be an AC signal with an offset. This is likely not too relevant, but it sounded oddly familiar so I thought it would be interesting to observe.

Anyway, it seems like it would not be an insurmountable task to use either or both to close the loop. Skeptics could of course argue that it's a red flag if it's not been done by Shoulders and coworkers while they still could. In addition to energy the same principle could be used for electromagnetic propulsion, which Shoulders also discussed briefly in one of his later papers, and that Alan Smith also cited in the LFH document in one of the opening posts in this thread ("Apparatus for Formation and Use of EVOs", 2009, attached below just in case).

Quote from can

I d'loaded the 3 zip files but they won't open (on my Mac). Any suggestions?

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Odd that nobody reported this issue before. Here is a shared mega.nz folder with all the files. They can be downloaded as a single archive by clicking the "download as zip" link shown.

https://mega.nz/#F!bkA1hB7C!CmC6CyiX1EuiOEUehlnm8A

Quote from can

skip

Odd that nobody reported this issue before. Here is a shared mega.nz folder with all the files. They can be downloaded as a single archive by clicking the "download as zip" link shown.

https://mega.nz/#F!bkA1hB7C!CmC6CyiX1EuiOEUehlnm8A

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Maybe its just my system, but that worked, thanx.

A little lite reading for my holidays...

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I believe these papers (or more like "notes") by Ken Shoulders are meant to clarify or complete some aspects and observations of what has been written in the book he self-published in the '90s (not easily found on the Internet) and the granted patents. Even though I sorted them by publishing date, for what I can see so far there's no clear progression or evolution in what he tried to accomplish, and except a few things most of the information that he posted until the early 2010s could have been written in the late '80s when he wrote his book and the patents.

I found interesting though that in "The Good, The Bad and The Ugly" (2004) he writes that electrical power from EVO production as he described in the patents is easier to harness than heat as commonly done in cold fusion experiments, but is potentially less open to benign usage. Apparently in a period of time between the '90s and the 2000s he tried to focus on heat production. See the first page in the attached document (also in the archive previously linked).

Thanx Can;

I have read only a relatively small portion of his very interesting work, but I have been collecting everything I can find. This means I have many duplications; often with different file names.

I've found that some files are disappearing...

I'm spending what time I can free up to sort, index and archive what I have. The book would be the crown.

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What's or what was on the Internet is only a fraction of Ken Shoulders' writings. A physical archive of his work exists at the Donald F. and Mildred Topp Othmer Library of Chemical History, and is apparently open to researchers:

Kenneth R. Shoulders papers, 1940-2013 (bulk 1955-2008)

http://othmerlib.chemheritage.org/record=b1075392~S6

https://archives.chemheritage.org/2015-003.html

http://othmerlib.chemheritage.…icles/1075392.14775/1.PDF (listing)

There's an exception:

Quote

The Kenneth R. Shoulders Papers are open to researchers with the exception of the following materials: In Series X, selected items in Sub-series 2 - CD-ROMs and DVDs are closed to researchers until 2065.

From this page the Sub-series 2 is:

Quote

Arranged alphabetically by format and by title, this sub-series contains Kenneth R. Shoulders’ CD-ROMs and DVDS. Its contents consist of eight CD-ROMs and four DVDs.

The CD ROMs contain electronic documents saved from Shoulders’ computer/computers regarding his research on aircraft and Electrum Validum, which include, but are not limited to, notes, correspondence, drawings, publications, papers, PowerPoint presentations, and digital photographs.

The DVDs contain an HP Vista backup of a computer belonging to Kenneth R. Shoulders’ wife Claire Shoulders. Audio recordings of music saved by Claire Shoulders are found on these DVDs. Digital photographs, which include images of the Shoulders Family and other miscellaneous subjects are found on these DVDs as well.

Selected items in this sub-series are closed to researchers until 2065.

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CD-R and DVD-R are not meant for very long term storage however, and they will probably become unreadable within not too many years of time from now. So unless somebody unseals these media disks soon, they are pretty much lost forever.

Quote from Alan Smith

In the spring I'm going to be working on some of this stuff, long overdue for a revisit.

Too bad, I thought dedicated experimentation would start earlier.

Quote from Alan Smith

The disappearing files btw are said to be because it was KS's last wish that his papers should be taken off the web because he feared they offered a route into the construction of some very dangerous weapons.

If I haven't overlooked anything, Ken Shoulders has always referred to the same personal website in his papers (http://www.svn.net/krscfs/), which is the one that has indeed been taken down. It wasn't much more than a directory listing for his papers. Other archives from different people exist (I've previously linked some), and they seem to have all that was uploaded there. However these appear to be rather old and unmaintained websites which feel like they could disappear anytime without other parties willing so because of Shoulders.