Ken Shoulders ; The Man Who Made Black Holes

Quote from Seiber Troutman

This is also a good read,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-arc_valve

Very large valves of this design were used up through the late 60s for rectification to HVDC for efficient long distance high voltage transmissiion lines. I don't know if any of the valves still exist, since solid state and fiber optically triggered solid state devices may have completely replaced them. The huge powers and voltages (hundreds of kV) there make a great "natural experiment" to exaggerate the possible isotopic shifts seen in fluorescent lamps. But did anyone save even one of those valves? And more difficult: did anyone bother to save the mercury contained therein? The last of those valves I know of were manufactured or at least marketed by ASEA (essentially "the Swedish General Electric Company", If I recall ithe translation and acronym correctly).

Quote from Longview

Very large valves of this design were used up through the late 60s for rectification to HVDC for efficient long distance high voltage transmissiion lines. I don't know if any of the valves still exist, since solid state and fiber optically triggered solid state devices may have completely replaced them. The huge powers and voltages (hundreds of kV) there make a great "natural experiment" to exaggerate the possible isotopic shifts seen in fluorescent lamps. But did anyone save even one of those valves? And more difficult: did anyone bother to save the mercury contained therein? The last of those valves I know of were manufactured or at least marketed by ASEA (essentially "the Swedish General Electric Company", If I recall ithe translation and acronym correctly).

I'm stuck at the same point your working now, I may be trying to put things together that just cant work, I'm thinking about the square wave and any way to use a cathode combination as a square wave pulse. I'm interested in your experiment and threw in the valve. Any thoughts that jump out as your reading and add ideas to your list please post them.

Edit...I meant Can exp

Quote from Alan Smith

You'll get 'ringing' - spiky AC as the coil current collapses. But worth a try. I've just ordered a couple of Hydrogen Thyratrons, they are used to generate HF pulse chains. And I am rather fond of bottle valves, being a former ham.

Graphs like these made me think that an ignition coil should work for simple tests in air/standard atmosphere and that the initial high voltage spike should be reasonably short and of suitable quality. Shoulders apparently also used one for the small experiment described in his writing Charge Clusters In Action (attached below for convenience).

Alan Smith

I mean that ignition coil oscillation or ringing seems from oscilloscope traces I can find on the Internet (which of course are no substitute to actual testing with one's own equipment) to generally be of small entity compared to the HV spike. This spike is what supposedly matters: an EV should be formed when the brief sharp pulse ends. By the time the slower/softer ringing occurs, the EV should have already impacted the anode.

It is wasted energy however and it's probably a nuisance for high frequency operation. At a rate in the order of a few hundred Hz ~ 1 kHz I don't think it should be too much of a problem, but I haven't thought yet of all possible issues this might cause.

A cleaner and better controlled pulsing is certainly something that technically competent and well-equipped experimenters will want to look into. I'm just not part of such group yet.

Quote from Alan Smith

They are around, perhaps. Though there does not seem to be much recent activity on this website.

http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/mercarc.html

Do you think there would be any galvanic effect using ceramic mixed iron hematite as the glass within the vapor state mercury.or any effect other then dissipation through the iron?

Edit-- do you think it would self clean the passage or get stuck to the walls?

While doing a related web search I accidentally found that vacuum tubes called Traveling Wave Tubes (and actually abbreviated TWT) do exist on their own and are used for radiofrequency/microwave signal amplification purposes. The construction is very similar to Shoulders' TWT devices described in his patents that are supposed to show excess electricity production, but the mode of operation is different. If I understood correctly, here a RF signal is fed on the helix (coil) input and the current induced by the electron beam fed into the inner tube by an electron gun amplifies it. I suppose that the one coming from the electron gun here has to be a rather constant signal, as opposed to harshly pulsed as in Shoulders' case.

Since they're apparently relatively common devices (or so I just learned), perhaps one could somehow be adapted to work like Shoulders'?

Quote from Max Nozin

Now R.Mills is saying that hydrinos do not emitted any light and is essentially the dark matter.

Anybody sees a connection here?

Not now! Since decades... But during a reaction they emit energy (Mills believes mechanically) - certainly not visible light!

Alan Smith

On a second thought, if the internal construction is exactly as shown in the black and white diagram, it won't be easy to "adapt" one to work like Shoulders' TWT. Here (EDIT: meaning, in Shoulders' TWT) the coil is located outside the glass/dielectric tube, not inside. The EV is supposed to travel along the internal surface of the tube while in the other TWT amplifier tube the electron beam goes straight from the gun anode to the collector electrode. It's hard to tell, but the one from your ebay link seems to have such a construction too.