Ken Shoulders ; The Man Who Made Black Holes

The ten trillion dollar question is the relationship between exotic vacuum objects, strange radiation, plasmoids, and the altered forms of hydrogen that seem to be involved in cold fusion. The evidence that these constructs exist is overwhelming, but I don't think anyone can explain exactly how one is linked to another. The only common theme seems to be that many of them are composed out of arrangements of protons or positive ions of various elements and electrons. As an example, EVOs and a number of related phenomena seem to have a toroidal structure with electrons moving on the outside of a donut shaped vortex and positive ions moving along the center. However, ultra dense hydrogen is alleged to be made out of two dimension sheets of protons and electrons. I could go on and on describing various alleged geometries, but this post would turn into a wall of terminology.

What does link ALL of these structures together is that they seem to have anomalous properties: transmuting elements, penetrating materials, producing anomalous heat, inducing nuclear reactions, etc.

What does link SOME of these structures together is that they seem to be formed electrically in non-equilibrium conditions such as in the explosion of wires, fast discharges from sharp tips, pulsing plasmas in the negative resistance zone where sudden transients can take place, the fracture of hydrogen embrittled materials, etc.

What SEEMS to also be a requirement for the production of these structures is the presence of hydrogen that can be atomized (a hot filament, RF energy, MW energy, direct current, spillover catalysts, etc) and then interact with atoms of another material - which can sometimes optimally be in a vaporized state. There are many examples of the need for atomic hydrogen to interact with very small particles. A sudden discharge from a needle tip can create an ionized cloud of hydrogen, electrons, and metal particles that utilize the magnetic field produced from their own motion or an external source to self organize. Moreover, BLP has demonstrated how exposing atomic hydrogen generated by a hot filament to an atmosphere of their "catalysts" (such as a mixture of argon and lithium or strontium) can produce an anomalous release of energy. We also know that Andrea Rossi utilized RF generators in the first one megawatt plant that were turned on after a certain startup temperature was reached. Such stimulation is known to produce "hot protons" with extra kinetic energy that can slam onto a surface, sputter it, and release a cloud of nano-particle vapor that could then induce various additional reactions with elements of the plasma. The QX/SK in a similar manner to Paulo Correa's Pulsed Abnormal Glow Discharge device and Chernetsky's self-generating discharge tube creates an ionized plasma while simutaneously releasing at least a small quantity of metal nano-particles.

The fact is that we don't know all the physical mechanisms by which these systems produce anomalous results. However, there seem to be common themes that permeate nearly all of them. We can take these similarities and try to utilize the general mechanisms that make these devices work (even if we don't know what's really happening at the atomic level) to design optimized systems that will hopefully at least produce some level of repeatable effect.

So working with light hydrogen or nearly light hydrogen (very little deuterium) it seems like:

1) Utilizing no special source of atomic hydrogen and a single metal powder like nickel extreme effort must be taken to optimize hydrogen absorption including preventing sintering, treating the fuel, cleaning the surface of the fuel, de-gassing the fuel, and then triggering reactions with variations of temperature and pressure at high rates.

2) Utilizing a source of atomic hydrogen and a single metal powder like nickel, excess heat generation is a little easier at the expense of the inclusion of a radio frequency generator, hot tungsten filament, microwave element, or a method of applying a spillover material like palladium.

3) Utilizing an arc discharge and controlling it precisely we can maximize the number of nuclear reactions that occur between elements in the ionized environment.

But recently we've learned a good bit about the work of Russ George from what he and others have reported on this forum and on papers posted online. Interestingly, when using deuterium instead of protium (light hydrogen) with a mixture of many different elements the production of excess heat becomes significantly less challenging. While individuals using single elements sometimes have to struggle to get significant effects (Parkhomov needing to push his system to ultra high temperatures to crack molecular hydrogen or Focardi and Piantelli having to carefully prepare their nickel), the use of a multitude of elements - with deuterium - seems to be almost simple for Russ George. In my opinion, this doesn't at all negate the light hydrogen (or almost light hydrogen) systems that have been built and tested successfully, but it opens up another route.

A potential explanation for how this could be possible is to consider the work of Simon at http://www.subtleatomics.com

Simon Brink claims that the interaction of hydrogen (or deuterium) with a variety of catalytic elements "shrinks" the hydrogen to a smaller size where it is more susceptible to undergoing nuclear reactions. For example, a hydrogen atom in the "ground state" can interact with many different elements to go to lower fractional states. But, however, once at one of these lower fractional states (1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/8, 1/10, etc) the same element may not trigger an additional shrinkage. So a hydrogen atom may need to interact with element "A" to then shrink to 1/3rd fractional state. But then to reach 1/4th fractional state it may have to interact with element "B". Then to get even smaller it may have to bounce into an atom of element "C." Eventually, after reaching a very small state (beyond perhaps 1/8th or smaller) the shrunken hydrogen atoms can experience nuclear reactions with other hydrogen atoms or other catalytic elements (copper, palladium, nickel, titanium, etc). Instead of producing a few hundred eV, these nuclear reactions can produce millions of eV. It's plausible that in Russ' system, his mixture of elements provides all the catalysts needed to shrink down deuterium to a level it can easily fuse with itself.

But then again, we don't know that "shrunken hydrogen" is not simply a rearrangement of electrons and protons.

I'm convinced that hypothesizing about all this stuff is interesting and potentially useful, but that what will move us along is actual building and testing of systems USING what we know. I think if there are teams that are willing to replicate devices like the QX (not for profit or commercial purposes) then there is a lot of existing knowledge that can help them. But even if someone doesn't want to build a nearly pure plasma device like the QX (with only a tiny amount of nano-particles coming from the electrodes), there are MANY other paths towards powerful cold fusion devices.

I've read the book and I'd like to say that you will get the most out of it if you have read Kenneth Shoulders other documents and papers that are floating around the internet. The combination of knowledge that can be obtained from the book and his later articles (not to mention his patents) is immense. What's important to note is that he was able to get these results because he was an experimental work-a-holic, a genius, and an obsessive compulsive all wrapped up into one. Kenneth Shoulders didn't simply do tests in his spare time, but for a period of years performed intensive, ongoing research. There's some debate about why the technology - at least in the declassified world - didn't seem to go anywhere. However, I think part of the answer to that could be that the phenomena was already being utilized (although called by other names) in other technologies. The basic concept he used of using a sudden, abrupt discharge to push towards an arc discharge and then pull back suddenly is the same used by Nikola Tesla in his spark gap disruptor (which powered his coils), the Pulsed Abnormal Glow Discharge device of Correa, the Self Generating Discharge Tube of Alexander Chernetsky, the liquid metal Suncell of BLP, and other related systems.

Importantly, I think the extremely advanced anomalous craft flying in our skies which have been revealed by the Pentagon utilize principles of EVO technology by mimicking the bubble of magnetic vector potential. A good example in my opinion is the Fluxliner ARV which produces such a field with a spinning column of mercury plasma.