Polaritons can have negative mass

1st Official Post

    http://www.newsweek.com/partic…mass-device-lasers-778495


    Also see


    http://www.rochester.edu/newsc…s-generate-lasers-290202/


    Also see


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_mass


    Also see


    https://www.scientificamerican…faster-than-light-travel/


    Quote

    That's right: mass, but negative. A ring of negative-mass material could be used to construct a fully functional and useful wormhole. Since the exotic nature of negative mass warps spacetime in a unique way, it "inflates" the entrance to the wormhole outside the boundary of the event horizon, and stabilizes the throat of the wormhole against instabilities. It’s not an intuitive result but the math checks out.

    Quote from THHuxleynew

    Axil: please read this link explaining the difference between effective mass and mass (in the context of these claims). Then, note that polaritons do not have negative mass.


    Sympathetic with THH here, but don't quite see how that set of responses at Physics Forum clarifies things. How about your own synopsis and clarification, THH. Thanks in advance.

    Quote from THHuxleynew

    Axil: please read this link explaining the difference between effective mass and mass (in the context of these claims). Then, note that polaritons do not have negative mass.


    Regards, THH


    Regarding: "We observe a range of dynamical phenomena, including the breaking of parity and of Galilean covariance"


    This shows that a bose condensate can produce parity breaking and the suspension of covariance of physical laws. This ability to produce time asymmetry is central to the decay of the nucleon as demonstrated by LENR.


    The process by which the proton decays in LENR


    This parity symmetry breaking explains why polaritons can produce one way energy flow as the post above explains.


    Also see


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_covariance

    https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4303.pdf




    The strong coupling of excitons to optical cavities has

    provided new insights into cavity quantum electrodynamics

    as well as opportunities to engineer nanoscale light–matter

    interactions. Here we study the interaction between out-of equilibrium

    cavity photons and both neutral and negatively

    charged excitons, by embedding a single layer of the atomically

    thin semiconductor molybdenum diselenide in a monolithic

    optical cavity based on distributed Bragg reflectors. The

    interactions lead to multiple cavity polariton resonances

    and anomalous band inversion for the lower, trion-derived,

    polariton branch—the central result of the present work. Our

    theoretical analysis reveals that many-body effects in an

    out-of-equilibrium setting result in an effective level attraction

    between the exciton-polariton and trion-polariton accounting

    for the experimentally observed inverted trion-polariton dispersion.

    Our results suggest a pathway for studying interesting

    regimes in quantum many-body physics yielding possible new

    phases of quantum matter as well as fresh possibilities for

    polaritonic device architectures.

    Quote from axil

    This shows that a bose condensate can produce parity breaking and the suspension of covariance of physical laws.


    axil: This only shows that standard theory is missing an important part of physics. In 4(6)D nuclear physics the energy holes are responsible for all external interaction. Of course you can, mathematically, always assign a negative mass to an energy hole. It is just like in politics: Negative growth instead of recession sounds much more well feeling...

    Quote from Wyttenbach

    axil: This only shows that standard theory is missing an important part of physics. In 4(6)D nuclear physics the energy holes are responsible for all external interaction. Of course you can, mathematically, always assign a negative mass to an energy hole. It is just like in politics: Negative growth instead of recession sounds much more well feeling...

    Regarding: "energy holes"


    There is a structure that has been discovered by Ken Shoulders called a Black EVO. This structure is a cavity that contains photons that cannot escape to the far field. Another name used for this structure is a analog black hole. This structure is also found in nanoplasmonics and is called a dark soliton. These to structures can well be the same thing.


    What makes this structures special is the application of the KERR effect to change the nature of the vacuum in which these photons circulate. The KERR effect produces a change of state when the speed of light is changed in which the symmetry of the laws of nature are broken and in which time runs backward. The speed of light can slow below nominal or increase above nominal.


    See


    https://www.nature.com/articles/lsa2017119


    Superluminal X-waves in a polariton quantum fluid



    Abstract


    In this work, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time the spontaneous generation of two-dimensional exciton-polariton X-waves. X-waves belong to the family of localized packets that can sustain their shape without spreading, even in the linear regime. This allows the wavepacket to maintain its shape and size for very low densities and very long times compared to soliton waves, which always necessitate a nonlinearity to compensate the diffusion. Here, we exploit the polariton nonlinearity and uniquely structured dispersion, comprising both positive- and negative-mass curvatures, to trigger an asymmetric four-wave mixing in momentum space. This ultimately enables the self-formation of a spatial X-wave front. Using ultrafast imaging experiments, we observe the early reshaping of the initial Gaussian packet into the X-pulse and its propagation, even for vanishingly small densities. This allows us to outline the crucial effects and parameters that drive the phenomena and to tune the degree of superluminal propagation, which we found to be in close agreement with numerical simulations.


    Quote from Alan Smith

    It seems that axil is progressing from particles to cavities. I hesitate to speculate about what comes next.

    The optical cavity or soliton is a specially prepared volume of spacetime that can support complex waveforms that can act as particles. The term used to describe this item is quasiparticle. One example of such a structure is the soliton that supports the analog tachyon that is being studied by MFMP in association with LION. Since you will be working with LION, I expect your background in optical cavities will by necessity expand considerably, or at least I hope so. If not, at least I hope you don't drag down LION's progress in this area.

    Quote from Max Nozin

    Alan Smith quantum Instapot. Quark bullion boil in the pressuarized microcavity expelling spacetime boilover foam consiting of enatangled virtual Unruh/Higgs pairs.

    The speed at which science is progressing is accelerating. This pace of progress might be moving far too fast for you to keep pace. You can seek to keep pace by doing less posting and more studying.

    Quote from axil

    effect produces a change of state when the speed of light is changed in which the symmetry of the laws of nature are broken and in which time runs backward. The speed of light can slow below nominal

    So that would apply to any transparent material with a refractive index greater than one.

    Quote from axil

    The speed at which science is progressing is accelerating.


    May be we should start micro/quantum LENR. According to the paper the involved energies are huge


    The device parameters were as follows: mC=4.27 × 10−5 me, γC=0.2 ps−1, γX=0.2 ps−1, g=2 × 10−3 meV μm2, Δ=−0.55 meV and ΩR=5.4 meV.


    Very nice for quantum computers = LENR computers ??

    Quote from Longview

    So that would apply to any transparent material with a refractive index greater than one.

    It looks like the index of refraction of the vacuum change under the influence of EMF.


    This idea is the basis for the activation signal in the LENR reaction. The nature of the vacuum that the polaritons reside in is changed by B and/or E fields to induce a change of state in the circulation patterns of the polariton in the cavity. This is the KERR effect. This reorganization of polariton flow is what focuses the spin components of the polaritons into a monopole magnetic beam.


    https://arxiv.org/pdf/1211.1933


    Magnetic and electric properties of quantum vacuum



    6. Non trivial vacua

    Examples of what is called non trivial vacua can be found in literature. This essentially

    means that light propagates in a vacuum in which a distribution of real or virtual

    photons exists. In this case one can calculate an average value for the E2 and B2 and

    one can use this value to calculate the corresponding effects due in particular to four

    wave mixing in vacuum. For example the velocity of light propagating perpendicular

    to two parallel infinite conducting plates and in the region between them has been first

    calculated by Scharnhorst [212]. The variation of the velocity of light is due to virtual

    photons energy density which is also responsible of the well known Casimir effect

    Quote from Longview

    Sympathetic with THH here, but don't quite see how that set of responses at Physics Forum clarifies things. How about your own synopsis and clarification, THH. Thanks in advance.


    Effective mass, of a particle in a medium, is very different from gravitational mass. For example, in a semiconductor a hole has an effective mass which relates to the way that moving the hole causes surrounding electrons to move. this appears to give the hole inertia and hence mass. But it is not real mass.


    Effective mass m* is determined by F = m*a where F is the force on the particle and a is its acceleration.


    Similarly, in the case of a polariton, the effect of moving the polariton on the rest of the system it exists in gives it - most unusually - a negative effective mass. All that means is that a force on it in one direction causes it to appear to move in the opposite direction.


    That has no relationship to gravitational mass: which Axil over many posts has misunderstood.


    Axil:

    Regarding: "We observe a range of dynamical phenomena, including the breaking of parity and of Galilean covariance" This shows that a bose condensate can produce parity breaking and the suspension of covariance of physical laws. This ability to produce time asymmetry is central to the decay of the nucleon as demonstrated by LENR.


    That statement relates to the way that polaritons, if interpreted as particle, appear to break parity and covariance. These physical symmetries are not actually broken, only in appearance, if you see a polariton as an atomic particle Which, of course, it is not - it is a complex bound state that behaves like an atomic particle and only exists in a specific medium.


    Interpreting these solid state analogs of exotic physics (another example would be magnetic monopoles) as though they actually are exotic physics is a mistake that Axil has made several times.

    In following on the subject of Kerr effect, just in case there might be something there. I see that Kerr cells were likely attempted in early mechano-optical (my name, AFAIK) television efforts in the 1920s and 30s. Then they were completely superseded by the Jeffree cell, which uses ultrasonic rather than electrostatic modulation of a liquid orthogonal (perpendicular) to the light beam path. Up to 200 times more light intensity achieved this way, than with Kerr. There may be something instructive there. Certainly we have seen ultrasonic stimulation attempted and reported in LENR work.


    By the way: Mechano-optical pre WWII TV gave way to the CRT with the great advances due to the impetus in developing radar in WWII. See: http://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_scoph.html

    and:


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scophony


    Interesting to me is that radar and stereo developer Alan Dower Blumlein (perhaps a timely note: a half immigrant and early on quite illiterate), was very instrumental in successfully arguing to abandon mechano-optical and go to all electronic TV. Blumlein died very young (nearly 39 years), I thought to myself "all that radar exposure?" but no, at least not directly, he and other important engineers / scientists died in a plane crash while researching aspects of radar.


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Blumlein

    • Official Post

    My father was a very keen Radio Ham and pre-war (and post-war) TV builder. He also built a Baird System TV and some of its variants right at the beginning of the first experimental transmissions. My abiding memory of this is him buying a Mk19 (ex-Lancaster bomber) Radar set for pocket-change in a flea-market and converting it into the TV set I watched Queen Elizabeth's coronation on in 1952.

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