This strange observation points to how LENR is produced naturally inside the earth
See post
Not!
Planet Earth itself produces energy by rotating the geospheres from the core to the surface (plate tectonics). The friction of the geospheres (layers) and gives electricity in the earth's crust. Capacity of the earth electric condenser 1 FARADA!
Russians are mistaken, I know their works (Savatimov, Urutskoyev, Vysotsky)
Not!
Planet Earth itself produces energy by rotating the geospheres from the core to the surface (plate tectonics). The friction of the geospheres (layers) and gives electricity in the earth's crust. Capacity of the earth electric condenser 1 FARADA!
Russians are mistaken, I know their works (Savatimov, Urutskoyev, Vysotsky)
https://gizmodo.com/newly-dete…er-core-is-sol-1829871279
Newly Detected Vibrations Show Earth's Inner Core Is Solid
Researchers report that they’ve observed seismic waves traversing the Earth’s inner core, allowing them to figure out what it’s like: solid, but softer than previously thought.
We’ve long inferred based on observations that the Earth has layers: a crust; a thick, hot mantle; a liquid outer core; and a solid inner core.
https://gizmodo.com/we-were-to…495644?platform=hootsuite
https://www.forbes.com/sites/r…klrSciForbes#50d96a5333dd
Thanks! I well know the academic theories, but they have one small mistake, they take plasma of cold nuclear synthesis for solid iron! Plasma possesses the same density as well as iron! There are publications where other spheres in a kernel find every time, as speaks about continuous change of density of a kernel! Rotation of a kernel from the moment of formation of the planet (Big Bang) assumes existence of a gas-and-dust fog which rotates and now in a kernel! Without rotation of a kernel our continents would stand still, but the theory of tectonics of plates proves their movement on GPS!
Just in case things get out of hand you;ll know how,
Seems salt water is not the same as Sea water as an ingredient.
This is the tabletop do it yourself,
About 2 weeks to build from a projection television, trace all the parts on paper then hot glue over the lines ,add the strews wet it out to remove all the paper.
home depot for everything.
Its pretty self explanatory ~
With only 3 gal of water in this reactor ,no need for a long run time. its a short term- wide open throttle.
Fuel A is the same. Fast and furious for temp and steam. I hope it will only run for a few minutes.
no point in longer run times with output unknown.
Hard to start briquettes are laced with a copper alm mix.
It may be size is about run time but we will see.
using cobblestones .. cone 10 clay tile bits ~ we will see.
A few more days to dry. 11th or so
Nice evidence for dark matter by Leif Holmlid, enough H(0) in the galaxy to have supported Bussard's ramjet idea for interstellar travel if we ever get round to building a decent hyper-efficient fusion drive. Must read some more Ian M Banks Sci Fi Culture series as a vision of how good (or bad) its going to get!
If Holmlid's H(0) is ubiquitous in space in the form of almost completely invisible dark matter, this might pose problems for interstellar travel at significant speeds due to collision of the spacecraft with it and subsequent heating, if it happens to pass through regions of space where it's present in high enough density. Or at least, this is what he proposed in 2002 when referring to Rydberg matter (RM) of hydrogen, before he found out about the existence of the ultradense form currently referred to with the H(0) notation. His latest work has a reference to this paper.
https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/333/2/360/1019164
Quote[...] As a final corollary, it should be noted that interstellar space flight will be extremely difficult or impossible if dense RM clouds exist in the path of the spaceship. At a velocity of only 10 per cent of the speed of light, the heating of the spaceship passing through such a cloud with a rather low density of 1015 m−3 (density 10−3 of a dense RM phase) will be enormous, equal to 20 GW m−2, giving a temperature of 25 000 K for a surface in radiative equilibrium. Since the clouds are almost invisible, they will be difficult to observe and map beforehand or during the journey. Of course, in the close vicinity of stars large voids in the RM will be formed caused by gravitation
If Holmlid's H(0) is ubiquitous in space in the form of almost completely invisible dark matter, this might pose problems for interstellar travel at significant speeds due to collision of the spacecraft with it and subsequent heating, if it happens to pass through regions of space where it's present in high enough density. Or at least, this is what he proposed in 2002 when referring to Rydberg matter (RM) of hydrogen, before he found out about the existence of the ultradense form currently referred to with the H(0) notation. His latest work has a reference to this paper.
When Holmlid wrote this passage, he was not aware that ultra dense matter could withstand supernova levels of heat and pressure.
Since the LENR based system is based on a superconductive degenerate matter cover, any pressure or temperature could be offset by a properly engineered shield made of of ultra dense matter. The question that must be answered is: will the dark matter flow strengthen the ultra dense matter shielding effect or will it weaken it.
I believe that even if concentrating enough of the material to construct such shield and keeping it in a stable form was possible, it would still eventually get destroyed by the particles impacting it at a kinetic energy in the MeV range (at the quoted 10% of the speed of light). The equivalent temperature of each individual impact event would already be supernova-level and greatly exceed the bond energy of the material, disregarding that it would probably be sufficient to start triggering nuclear reactions from it.
Well, but there again if there was no such thing as dark matter, Holmlid would have made exactly the same observations of ultradense hydrogen evenly distributed throughout the universe anyway ie if it was all down to quantized inertia and an opposing force via Unruh or Hawking radiation. (I prefer Hawking - nice to remember Steven our great astrophysicist by). Does this make us all ultra-dense? I noticed that the US defence budget has allocated millions of dollars funding for quantised inertia research, lucky old M McCulloch at our Cornish University I say. But does that make the theory correct? Maybe they just didn't want to waste billions of dollars on a fruitless search for dark matter which is probably inherently pointless anyway so are backing a much cheaper option, like it doesn't exist? Like they don't think LENR exists? Maybe by the same (twisted) logic they'll start backing LENR being fed up with all the false promises and billions wasted on ITER etc.--But I could be wrong...throw a few bucks our way uncle Sam!
One fundamental aspect of this research that most don't seem to realize is indeed that if LENR does exist and can be reproduced in the laboratory under generally poorly controlled experimental conditions involving stimulating hydrogen in a wide variety of different methods (plasma, electrolytic, dry, etc), it means that it must be a far more common and ubiquitous phenomenon in nature than commonly assumed, unless it's some sort of emergent parapsychological effect that requires the presence of people with enough faith in it around in order to work.
In either case, this would seriously challenge our current scientific understanding of known observed and unobserved processes in the universe and probably of several fundamental scientific laws.
Of course LENR is a natural phenomenon, otherwise it would not exist. If we were to ask a slightly different question 'does LENR occur in nature' then some might venture yes, and some a very loud 'no'. It is my own view that LENR does indeed occur in natural systems as diverse as brown dwarf stars and bacteria. That is the rationale behind the complex fuels that Russ developed - as he says, Nature doesn't do things one or two elements at a time.
Holmlid: " H(0) is a quantum material and can have at least two slightly different forms—ultradense protium p(0) and ultradense deuterium D(0)—which are stable even inside many stars. ... Other important implications of the superfluid and superconductive phase H(0) in space await discovery."
What Holmlid is asserting will give professional science a nervous breakdown. He is saying that Ultra dense hydrogen is superconductive and superfluideven when it is enduring the pressures and temperatures in and around stars that are typical when nuclear reactions are occurring in and on the surfaces of stars.
What this posit is indicating is that there exists a mechanism where energy coming into the Ultra dense hydrogen is self reinforcing its superconductive property without limit in a positive feedback loop.
He is saying that Ultra dense hydrogen is superconductive and superfluideven when it is enduring the pressures and temperatures in and around stars that are typical when nuclear reactions are occurring in and on the surfaces of stars.
I don't think he's saying that. He's probably referring to milder environments and conditions in space where such state would be allowed, like the interstellar space, rocky planets, etc. Excerpt from a paper from last year:
https://www.researchgate.net/p…ar_Wind_Mechanism_From_H0
Of course LENR is a natural phenomenon, otherwise it would not exist. If we were to ask a slightly different question 'does LENR occur in nature' then some might venture yes, and some a very loud 'no'. It is my own view that LENR does indeed occur in natural systems as diverse as brown dwarf stars and bacteria. That is the rationale behind the complex fuels that Russ developed - as he says, Nature doesn't do things one or two elements at a time.
It might in part explain why often the more tightly controlled and environmentally pure conditions get, the less reproducible the effects tend to be, apparently.
On a loosely related note to the comment, a few days ago I've been forwarded a reference to this paper. These authors also propose a picometer-sized particle similar to Holmlid's ultradense hydrogen:
https://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/21/367/2014/
What Holmlid states is not logical. He has claimed that UDH can produce nuclear reactions that are energetic enough to produce the solar wind. This implies that the UDH maintains the same H2n(0) structure as he produces in his earthbound experiments. The H3 and H4 structures are not able to produce the energy to launch the solar wind out of the Sun's gravity well.
He has claimed that UDH can produce nuclear reactions that are energetic enough to produce the solar wind. This implies that the UDH maintains the same H2n(0) structure as he produces in his earthbound experiments
He also produces the small non-superfluid clusters on Earth, which do appear to support nuclear reactions. This is from the [Holmlid and Kotzias, 2016] reference given in the excerpt above:
http://scitation.aip.org/conte…dva/6/4/10.1063/1.4947276
QuoteUltra-dense hydrogen H(0) with its typical H-H bond distance of 2.3 pm is superfluid at room temperature as expected for quantum fluids. It also shows a Meissner effect at room temperature, which indicates that a transition point to a non-superfluid state should exist above room temperature. This transition point is given by a disappearance of the superfluid long-chain clusters H2N(0). This transition point is now measured for several metal carrier surfaces at 405 - 725 K, using both ultra-dense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0). Clusters of ordinary Rydberg matter H(l) as well as small symmetric clusters H4(0) and H3(0) (which do not give a superfluid or superconductive phase) all still exist on the surface at high temperature.
This property is advantageously used in his latest patent application.
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018093312A1/en
QuoteThe present invention is based on the realization that muons can be generated cheaper and more energy efficiently than using conventional methods, by accumulating ultra-dense hydrogen and subjecting the accumulated ultra-dense hydrogen to a perturbing field (such as an electromagnetic field, including purely electric or magnetic fields)
Quote[...] According to various embodiments, the apparatus of the invention may further comprise a heating arrangement for increasing a temperature of the accumulating member comprised in the hydrogen accumulator. By increasing the temperature of the accumulating member, the ultra- dense hydrogen can be transitioned from a super fluid to a normal fluid, which may reduce the amount of ultra-dense hydrogen escaping from the accumulating member through super-fluid creeping.
But all of this is... kind of off-topic here in this thread?
Display MoreHe also produces the small non-superfluid clusters on Earth, which do appear to support nuclear reactions. This is from the [Holmlid and Kotzias, 2016] reference given in the excerpt above:
http://scitation.aip.org/conte…dva/6/4/10.1063/1.4947276
This property is advantageously used in his latest patent application.
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018093312A1/en
But all of this is... kind of off-topic here in this thread?
Thanks for the research and the references,
Don;t you consider Holmlid's hydrogen work a new Idea to be discussed here?
Now I know what that H4 is in this diagram
H3 must be just on triangular shaped plane as described here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triatomic_hydrogen
The shape of the molecule is predicted to be an equilateral triangle
The H3 is unstable and decays in around 1 ps. I wonder how Holmlid gets his H3 into a metastable state?
Although the topic somewhat morphed into something else over time, this thread was initially intended to be about "nutty" ideas for high-power LENR replications, not simply discussion of controversial theories by established researchers. Given that there already are around a few threads dedicated to Holmlid's work, delving into the specific details of his theories seems off-topic here.
This being said, ordinary triatomic hydrogen might not be stable, but the trihydrogen cation is apparently one of the most abundant ions in the universe and it is stable in the interstellar space.
Ultradense hydrogen clusters are supposed to be much more tightly bound that regular molecules. According to one of Holmlid's later papers, the 3- and 4- atomic small clusters may be even more bound together than the long chain clusters, and their slightly smaller shorter bond length implies that nuclear reactions are more likely from them. As a practical suggestion which could somehow be in-topic here, this should imply that conditions that promote their formation are likely to also promote nuclear reactions and ultimately energy from them.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.116
QuoteAbstract: [...] Three-atomic and four-atomic clusters are of great interest, since the nuclear processes studied in several publications take place in such clusters. [...]
The H3 is unstable and decays in around 1 ps
This being said, ordinary triatomic hydrogen might not be stable, but the trihydrogen cation is apparently one of the most abundant ions in the universe and it is stable in the interstellar space.
Axil basically never remembers anything. H3+ is one basic driver of glow discharge systems. It can enter stable chemical bonds with almost all noble gases.
All this has been said in many posts in this forum.
See:
Petr Dohnal doctoral thesis: Electron Ion Recombination in Low Temperature Plasma - Department of Surface and
Plasma Science Charles University in Prague
