QX Concepts - A less critical Rossi thread.

Quote from CWatters

Speculation but...Im wondering if the clamps are pressing on the electrodes which actually slide in the tube thereby compacting the powder between them? Otherwise I can't see why such clamps were used. Over centre clamps can produce a lot of force.

I don't think the system uses any powder other than perhaps a tiny bit of LiAlH4 or LiH that may be vaporized.

I'm actually wondering if the electrodes may be inserted into the tube in a glove box filled with hydrogen to prevent atmospheric contamination. But there must be some way to then lower the pressure in the reactor so that a discharge can take place at lower voltages.

Quote from Adrian Ashfield

San,

Thanks for the link.

It is pretty obvious that Director has never invented anything, or at least tried to bring it to the market, Or he would know how difficult it is and not be so critical of Rossi.

I can imagine that inventing something and bringing it to the market can be extremely difficult. But I think what's even more difficult is trying to capture one hundred percent marketshare when you are unwilling to disclose the IP required to prove your technology works so that you can obtain adequate funding. If I came up with a radical LENR technology (which won't happen because I don't have a lab to do any testing) I'd open source it. However, if I were trying to commercialize the technology, I'd try to find a huge company that I could exchange all the IP to in exchange for a written guarantee that they'd have X amount of units on the market within a certain period of time. If they failed, I would be given the IP back along with additional funds.

In Rossi's case, unless I am mistaken and he has somehow found a cure to inventors disease, he has not shared the IP of the QX/SK with anyone. Until he does so, I seriously doubt he will be able to mass market the technology.

We now know - if the author of the new article on Infinite Energy magazine's website is correct - that BLPs Suncell works in the Pulsed Abnormal Glow Discharge Regime. I expected this but did not have confirmation, because previously BLP had only stated that an arc discharge was being utilized. In addition, the author discloses that the input is pulsed in the abnormal glow discharge regime. I think this is very important news in our understanding of the QX.

His description to how the Suncell works is in my opinion very similar to the QX. The following is how I see the QX operating.

First, a powerful impulse is applied to establish an ionized environment consisting of hydrogen, vaporized lithium, vaporized aluminum (if LiAlH4 is used), and perhaps a noble gas like argon.

Secondly, after the resonant discharge plasma is created, a series of lower voltage DC pulses are applied in a frequency that is optimal for inducing additional reactions.

Thirdly, during the initial impulse and additional impulses, hydrinos are being slammed into lithium to induce nuclear reactions.

The nuclear reactions are what allow a QX to operate for extended periods of time while a Suncell must have a continual supply of hydrogen.

(Of course we need to replicate a QX to confirm it works at all.)

Basically, I see the QX as an optimized Suncell that utilizes LENR reactions to avoid the need for a constant supply of hydrogen.

Here is the quote.

"For purposes of gaining some insight into the SunCell, we
pay attention to the region of arc discharge, specifically the
region where impedance is negative, between I and J (Figure
4). This is where the cell operates (although the cell is not a
vacuum), where current increases as voltage decreases, more
specifically, slightly to the left of J, with minimal voltage.
The line is dashed in the area where the reaction can occur,
but where it is not stable, due to the extreme negative resistance.
The voltage is low because the conductor has very low
resistance, being silver or gallium, with a fairly large crosssectional
area, enough to conduct many thousands of Amps.
Voltage is minimized, yet current flow is massive. This is an
area perhaps mostly explored by welding engineers, who do
not want to have hydrogen get near the metal, and certainly
not water."

The area of negative resistance is considered the abnormal glow discharge zone. There are many different papers online that spell this out. However, some of the different charts will vary somewhat. In some papers, the green area that you boxed is considered a transition zone between abnormal glow discharge and arc discharge. The pure arc discharge does not begin until the negative resistance ends after the letter J.

Probably, the term abnormal glow discharge is not a good term to describe this regime because it is very different from a glow discharge due to the negative resistance, the sudden transient current spikes that can be produced, etc.

The following makes it clear to me that they are pulsing the electric current instead of producing a sustained arc discharge.

"These videos are of a reactor with a fixed, small amount of
hydrogen in an almost all inert argon atmosphere. This is to
limit the heat and concussive energy generated, which has
been destroying reactor vessels. By having a small “inventory”
of hydrogen, and pulsing the electric current across the
liquid gallium electrodes, the reaction is of short duration,
and the concussions do not build into a resonance that
destroys the reactor. Mills mentioned high speed video of
the vessels being destroyed, which I expect shows increasing
oscillatory behavior (resonance) that resulted in shattering."

All of the devices that are alleged to operate in the abnormal glow discharge regime (the negative resistance zone) have the goal of pushing as close as possible to a true arc discharge as possible and then stopping.

Child's new video tells us a lot more about plasmas, measuring thing in and around a plasma. Tells us more than Rossi so far. Doing that kind of research is more valuable than replicating the QX. If Rossi will show the SK working it will be commercial in 2019.

http://e-catworld.com/2018/11/…port-published-new-video/

It shows a number of surprising things such as the temperature and density and that it produces many different elements.

I wouldn't be surprised if plasma was not the basic mechanism for LENR.

Quote from Alan Smith

suspect that LENR can happen in most or indeed all phases of matter. It has no respect for rules that you or I might devise.

I agree. I worded it badly calling it plasma although it may be.'There seems to be some nuclear reaction that is ,missing from standard theory, that takes place in many situations at such a small scale that it has been missed. I don't find any of the current theories particularly convincing.

The more I think about it, the simpler the basic mechanism of the QX/SK seems to be.

In the simplest terms, you are producing a system in which atomic hydrogen and metal vapor (lithium and traces of platinum/nickel) can be made to come into contact during a high current spike (during a period of negative resistance) which also self produces a magnetic field that produces a pinch effect. The first pulse has to be of a high voltage to initially ionize the environment in the reactor. However, subsequent pulses can be of a much lower voltage due to the fact that the reactions are continuing to ionize the environment.