Well, I wouldn't call 1 km/sec relatively low velocity. That's mach 3, so there will be a powerful shock wave associated with the impact as well as the substantial kinetic energy of the bullet at that velocity.
For...transmutations?
For...transmutations?
Not so different from sonofusion. The shock wave could be focused inside a ball of dense Bi plasma microseconds after the impact. If the bullet is a hollow-point, it could probably penetrate a thick piece of steel.
The references from the article that describe the testing don't seem to be available on line, so we can't really know how they did it.
Many works on cavitation on solids and liquids by other authors could be included in that case, which on a closer look the author does a good job referencing and summarizing in the first paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.01837).
I don't think a rail gun was used in these tests. The projectile is described as a bullet, and commercial use of Bi in bullets for sport and hunting has become common, to replace lead with its toxic residue. Bi is also now used in electronic solders for a similar reason.
One of the references Lou posted mentions the use of an air rifle, but the velocity in that case was less than 300 m/sec. Small-bore rifles in calibers like like 22-250 or .220 Swift, can achieve the range of velocities quoted in the various references, up to 1400 m/sec. I suspect they used something similar, possibly omitting mention of firearms for political/social reasons.
There were some papers presented at ICCF conferences describing nuclear effects from crushing rocks. I don't recall the authors or any details, but I will look it up. I had some doubts about the results, but I did not look closely.
Try looking for A. Carpinteri et al. Some examples:
http://staff.polito.it/alberto…n%20Carpinteri%202012.pdf
http://staff.polito.it/alberto…ERI_2011_N.643_STRAIN.pdf
EDIT: many others here:
Here there is a sequence of events with a cause and effect relationship. First, nanomechanical instabilites form nanocrack and/or nan-bubbles, then there is THz emission, then LENR occurs, then there are neutron emissions.
Neutron emission from rock specimens
During a preliminary experimental analysis, four rock specimens were used: two made of Carrara marble, and two of Luserna granite, following compression failure.
Brittle fraction experiment carrara matble specimen
Load vs. time and cps cure for P3 test speciman of granite.
Green Luserna also produced neutron emission. (in the picture) One of the big stones gave neutron emissions, but the smaller rocks did not produce any neutrons.
He also detected the presence of iron.
Other materials investigated include luserna stone, basalt magnetitie which were more enriched with iron dioxide, ...
Steel emits up to 2.5 time the background level (of neutrons).
Granite emits up to 10 time the background level.
Basalt emits up to 10^2 time sthe Background level.
Magnetite emits up to 10^3 times the background level.
Marble emits about background level.
For granite Phengite, 2.2% of the Fe disappeared.
For Aluminium, 2% more appeared.
for granite, there is a 3% loss with respect to Carrara marble. and a 13% increase in carbon.
Wavelength vs. frequency, he shows a diagram with a computation of wave velocity = 10^3 m/s.
There are high frequency vibration.
1) Teraherz phonons present an energy equivalent to that of thermal neutrons.
2) TerHertz phonons present a frequency equivalent to the Debye frequency.
Experimental spot: The mine is structured in five levels and a pillar located at about 100 kilometers from our location in the town of Murisengo.
Carpinteri mapped the earthquakes and fractal emission. Neutrons will peak about 7 or 8 days after an earthquake.
A step-wise function that steps and jumps, (depending on the element),
3.8 billion years ago, there was bigtime tectonic activity, as well as 2.5 million years ago, producing a sharp increase in Carbon, Silicon and Alumina.
Calcium depletion vs Ocean Formation
There was big steps in oxidation about 3.8 billion years ago, and 2.5 million years ago.
Now he shows a picture of his simple cold fusion cell. palladium electrode after the test. He says Storms says in his book that we can have a reaction if we have microcracks, which are available.
Also new elements are found on the electrodes.
Gunshots and neutron counts: null result - a book on nothing, a paper on nothing.
Did Hagelstein mention the 2015 paper at Assisi? Perhaps its old news.
Cardone et al have reported anisotropic emissions with ultrasound in solids and liquids. The type of mechanical shock is important. I hope Carpintieri is already preparing a rebuttal.
Young Russians are not held back by old paradigms..
Small typo
"the phenomenon of hydrogen isotopes generation, mainly tritium atoms shows the wide possibilities of Russian yang scientists. "
https://monographies.ru/en/book/section?id=11141
"The physical nature of mechanically generated radiation (MGI) is considered, consisting in the interaction of hyper- (thermo) electrons of one surface with orbital electrons of another, upon friction of these surfaces. The results of the measurement of MGI from such friction sources as abrasive processing, cutting, dry friction of polished surfaces are presented. A method for calculating the intensity of MGI is proposed.
It is known that on a scale between ultraviolet radiation and gamma radiation, i.e. At a wavelength of 5 × 10–1–10–3 nm (E = 250–100 eV), electromagnetic waves are located that arise during energy transitions in the electron shells of atoms and are used in x-ray tubes. The main elements of such tubes are a metal cathode and anode, in which the electrons emitted by the cathode hit the anode, where there is a sharp deceleration, due to which radiation is generated [1, 2]. The physical nature of mechanically generated (MGI) as shown
in [2, 3], consists in the interaction of hyper- (thermo) electrons of one surface with orbital electrons of another [4] (figure).
In [3], it was shown that the calculated radiation intensity during friction of polished flat surfaces measured by a dosimeter should correspond to the value Ad = 10–1 μSv / h. A comparison of the values of the radiation intensity obtained theoretically with the values measured by the authors and located in the zone of 0.1–0.8 μSv / h (AD = 10–80 μR / h) shows that the authors developed method for calculating the intensity of the x-ray source during friction can be used in practice. The authors' studies showed that mechanically generated radiation is small in intensity and approaches the x-ray radiation of a cathode ray tube from a personal computer (used as a test source).
Three types of sensors were used in the experiment. Dosimeter-radiometer MKS-05 "Terra", Radioscan 701, radiometer-dosimeter MKS-01R. The measurement results are shown in the table. The experiments were carried out with different sources of MHI:
- vacuum CRT computer of the old model;
- during abrasive treatment of steel;
- when cutting steel billets on a lathe;
- during friction of polished silicon wafers.
pic_11.tif
The scheme of MHI generation during the interaction of electron shells of a contact pair at the nanoscale level
1 - profile of micro roughness of samples; 2 - atoms at the surface of sample No. 1; 3 - a source atom of a thermo (hyper) electron; 4 - thermo (hyper) electron; 5 - sample No. 2; 6 - interatomic bonds in the material of sample No. 2; 7 - sample No. 1. Indexes: hi - photon; e1, e2, et (g) - symbols of orbital electrons, Vsk - friction velocity"
The authors have no doubt that the discovered effect will be used in the future. Although it is now difficult to name a specific application, where it will be possible to use the results obtained by the authors. An innovative example is the fact from the history of vacuum technology, obtained by Bayard and Alpert in 1950 [1]. The knowledge of the nature of X-ray radiation allowed them to remove the negative effect of soft X-ray radiation, which causes secondary electron emission from the ion collector in the Buckley manometer and limits the measurement range to pressures of 10–1–10–5 Pa. The operating range of the new pressure gauge was changed to 10–1–10–8 Pa, i.e. the measured pressures are reduced by a factor of 1000 due to a reduction in the area of the ion collector subjected to x-ray radiation from the value of S? 505 × 10-6 m2 to the value of S? 0.4 × 10-6 m2. This significantly expanded the capabilities of vacuum technology.
LITERATURE
1. Розанов Л.Н. Вакуумная техника. – М.: Высшая школа, 1982. – 207 с.
2. Гункин Е.А. (рук. проф. Деулин Е.А). Исследование рентгеновского излучения при работе механизмов в вакууме и в атмосфере. / Тр. Седьмой Российской студенческой конференции «Вакуумная техника и технология», 20–23.04.2015. С. 82-83.
3. Огнев О.В. (рук. проф. Деулин Е.А). Физическая модель рентгеновского излучения при сухом трении в вакууме и атмосфере. / Труды Седьмой Российской студенческой конференции «Вакуумная техника и технология», 20–23.04.2015. С. 84-85.
4. Нектаров Е.С., Сычев В.В. Развитие гиператомной физики в России // Оптика атмосферы и океана. т. 18 № 11. 2005. С. 2-7.
TM 3.42
Nicholas Hawker. First light...
Hot fusion dogma
"Temperature is an immutable constant for ALL fusion processes regardless of the technology
......
and you have to be at 100 million degrees K
that is actually hotter than the sun..."
Is the 40 year shifting endpoint still shifting?
Five year to +gain.. btw 5-8 yrs. 2019 first light? first sound already..
Carbon fusion while processing. https://www.researchgate.net/p…ons-the-Case-for-LENR.pdf
May be known already a long time ago..
