The general motivation follows from dense aether model. In this model the 4D spacetime is formed like the mesh of foamy density fluctuations inside luminiferous aether (actually false vacuum concept of mainstream physics). This model is analogical behavior of supercritical fluid, which forms density fluctuations during its condensation.

That means that Universe is actually hyperdimensional, but the energy inside it is preferably spreading along surfaces of its density fluctuations in a way, which is much slower, which creates an impression of immensely huge Universe for us. The spreading of light and quantum waves can be thus modeled by spreading of ripples along water surface while ignoring the rest of underwater. Also elementary particles and massive objects are floating along surfaces of foam forming vacuum for us. The directions parallel with water surface play a role of spatial dimensions in this 2D analogy, whereas the remaining direction perpendicular to them is the temporal dimension of general relativity. Water surface can thus serve as an easy to imagine 3D (2S+1T) analogy of 4D (3S+1T) space-time.

The point is, if we constrain the motion of particles in spatial dimension(s), then the energy of vacuum fluctuations doesn't disappear, it will manifest itself along remaining temporal dimension. Which can be illustrated by this animation. The constraining motion of particles in space will thus lead into their attempts to travel across temporal dimension and to break thermodynamical limits - both overunity, both activation energy of cold fusion. In my theory the utilization of overunity is the very same effect like utilization of cold fusion. Observable matter is metastable in contact with vacuum, because it has been formed by fast undercooling of product of supernova explosion. The elements should spontaneous fuse to most stable iron, but they were cooled before they managed to do it. Therefore if we succeed with its fusion with vacuum fluctuations and/or another massive objects at various distance and energy scales, we get the remaining trapped energy which is waiting for its release out.

The general memo therefore is, we shouldn't separate cold fusion research from overunity research, because at certain distance/energy density scales these two sources of energy may become indistinguishable each other.

Another common aspect of cold fusion and overunity is the reversal of thermodynamical arrow of time, which proceeds once we constrain the propagation of matter or energy in spatial dimensions, as explained above. The mainstream thermodynamics is actually only about reversible phenomena, which run spontaneously and smoothly. But the nature all around us is full of metastable systems and irreversible processes (overheating, undercooling, oversaturation, etc.) The fusion is also irreversible process requiring the overcoming activation energy of Coulomb barrier.

My point is, once the reversibility gets broken by activation energy, then we are also crossing thermodynamic time arrow back and forward again, because we are forced to overcome energetic gradient, forming temporal dimension. This routinely occurs during catalysis of metastable chemical reactions, which require activation energy (heating) for its running. If we constrain molecules in one dimension, for example by their absorption to a surface of palladium catalyst, these molecules will start to vibrate across temporal dimension and they will bypass activation energy barrier during it. As the result the chemical reaction will run way the more smoothly and reversibly, the more the catalysts constrain particles in three dimensional motion.

The conclusion therefore is, cold fusion and overunity phenomena are example of catalysis of strongly irreversible phenomena, which thus require extremely low-dimensional arrangement of catalytic system: surfaces, dislocations, nanocracks and dense chains of atom nuclei and the energy exchange running along one dimension only. The thermodynamic time arrow of 4D space-time gets strongly reversed during it.

Superconductivity and low-energy nuclear reactions, Possibility of cold fusion in palladium deuterides: Screening effects and connection to superconducting properties

The connection of cold fusion and superconductivity may look improbable or even bizarre for mainstream physicists, because superconductivity is fragile effect which requires extreme cooling whereas fusion research struggles to achieve as high temperatures as possible. But in dense aether model both phenomena have common basis in low-dimensional arrangement of particle involved. In particular, the superconductivity emerges when the motion of electrons gets constrained to a narrow charge stripes, whereas cold fusion runs when atoms collide along long chains. This brings the rational basis to observation of heat and neutron evolution inside cooled palladium deuterides of Ed Storms and others.

We can actually see, than in many times the cold fusion remains limited to low temperatures too, the extreme example is Lipinski fusion which runs in few Kelvin range. The thermal motion makes linear arrangement of atoms and electrons less probable, in other cases the character of cold fusion changes into hot one with increasing of temperature and the evolution of neutrons can be observed after then.

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what is the reason having hyperdimnesionality other than a life support for QM and other crack theories?

Infinite-dimensional symmetry opens up possibility of a new perspective of old physics. With increasing number of dimensions the ratio of surface/volume area of hypersphere increases fast, so that we can imagine them like spiky hedgehogs residing in hyperspace. Such a hedgehogs would penetrate our 3D space in array of 3D spheres, i.e. just in the way, in which massive bodies composed of atoms and molecules look for us. With increasing distance the cosmic space gets highdimensional too because of light scattering on quantum fluctuations, so that we can observe them in shape of galaxies surrounded by spikes of dark matter filaments. Large massive galaxies also look like clusters of smaller ones.

In dense aether model the Universe is infinite, dynamic but steady-state and the galaxies are evaporating to photons and dark matter particles (scalar waves and neutrinos), whereas they condense from photons and dark matter somewhere else. This recycling of matter into radiation and back again can be also understood like passage of matter from one set of dimensions into another in context of hyperdimensional multiverse. When some droplet condenses or evaporates, it essentially travels along time dimension into another higher dimensional space-time.

I agree with the reflections outlined above. You will forgive me for explaining my molecular biologist's point of view, but "out of the box" ideas are often interesting: The DNA molecule is a good model of our "NAE" alloys. A deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is a chain of anharmonic oscillators. The speed of each atom does not obey the Riemann-Boltzman statistic, as in a gas. It is shown that there are "warmer" zones where atomic movements are faster (Breathers). I think that to respect the laws of thermodynamics (do not create energy from nothing) there must be colder areas that I call "Freezers". Obviously, 14 billion years of biological evolution have used this phenomenon. But it is another story.

This phenomenon also exists in our alloys, in particular in palladium hydride, but also in other alloys. Hot spots are useless for LENR, but in the freezers, the isotopes of hydrogen are a few Kelvins. They can condense to form a Bose-Einstein Condensate.

The low-dimensional model of cold fusion can also explain the strong influence of magnetic field to yield of cold fusion observed. When charged particles move along narrow layers (crystal grains boundaries and dislocations), then the magnetic field struggles to curve their path. As the result, the motion of particles will get constrained to a narrow stripes across layer and its dimensionality decreases. This again increases the probability of low-dimensional collisions of atoms and their mutual entanglement, i.e. condensate formation.

The magnetic field effect is most apparent once the protons and/or hydride ions are constrained to planes, like during co-deposition experiments with palladium, when crystal grains contain many surfaces and dislocations. Once the atoms are already constrained to 1D stripes and/or they're moving freely (3D), then the magnetic field has nothing to add to dimensionality of their motion and its influence is not so prominent.

"Crackpot theory" has deeper symbolism here, because these theories often deal with low-dimensional artifacts, i.e. with the "cracks" of mainstream physics understanding. One prominent low-dimensional effect is Allais effect observed during solar eclipses and planetary conjunctions. Once massive bodies emerge along single line, then the lensing area of vacuum emerges along this line, which leads to dilatation of time and various gravitational anomalies. In dense aether model this line is formed with so-called warp field and we can observe it directly like filaments of dark matter connecting the collinear galaxies. Occasionally these filaments tend to align the axis of galaxies and their magnetic jets, because they interact strongly with magnetic field.

In dense aether model similar effect could emerge at small scale, once single row of atoms gets compressed. These atoms will attenuate the shielding of virtual photons of vacuum along connection line, so that such an atoms get glued by attractive force, which behaves like Casimir force on steroids. This model could explain observation of long filaments of Rydberg hydrogen atoms by Holmlid. Of course the delocalization of electron orbitals and electron screening along connection line of atom nuclei would contribute to this effect too.

The condensation of atom chains during their low-dimensional entanglement could promote cold fusion process in multiple ways. First of all their "entanglement of steroids" would act like additional attractive force, acting against repulsive Coulomb barrier. At second, it would establish something like dark matter filament (miniature worm hole of negative space-time curvature) connecting atom nuclei, which would behave like waveguide prohibiting the energetic particles to escape. The neutrons contain negative space-time curvature and they should be particularly affected by this waveguide and its warp field. The area of dense vacuum along connection line would give meaning the slow neutron theory of Widom and Larsen. And finally the decay of this warp field could explain emanation of anomalous particles resembling magnetic monopoles with spiral tracks.

Bringing us back to more focused LENR theories are these two more recent papers by V Dubinko, His analysis is restricted to simple NiH cubic crystal structures - it would be interesting to apply similar analysis to more complex crystal structures of transition metal oxides and perovskites and maybe establish some structural link between superconductive and LENR - catalysing crystal structures.

Nuclear catalysis mediated by localized anharmonic vibrations

Vladimir Dubinko
(Submitted on 18 Oct 2015)

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In many-body nonlinear systems with sufficient anharmonicity, a special kind of lattice vibrations, namely, Localized Anharmonic Vibrations (LAVs) can be excited either thermally or by external triggering, in which the amplitude of atomic oscillations greatly exceeds that of harmonic oscillations (phonons) that determine the system temperature. Coherency and persistence of LAVs may have drastic effect on quantum tunneling due to correlation effects discovered by Schrodinger and Robertson in 1930. These effects have been applied to the tunneling problem by a number of authors, who demonstrated a giant increase of sub-barrier transparency during the increase of the correlation coefficient at a special high-frequency periodic action on quantum system. Recently, it has been proposed that discrete breathers (a sub-class of LAVs arising in periodic systems) present the most natural and efficient way to produce correlation effects in regular crystals due to time-periodic modulation of the potential well (or the Coulomb barrier) width and hence to act as breather nano-colliders catalyzing low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) in solids. It has been shown that the tunneling probability for the D-D fusion under electrolysis of heavy water increases enormously with increasing number of oscillations resulting in the fusion rates comparable with those observed experimentally. In the present paper, we discuss possible ways of engineering the nuclear-active environment (NAE) and catalyzing LENR in NAE based on the LAV concept. We propose some practical ways of catalyzing LENR that are based on a special electro-magnetic treatment or electron irradiation, which trigger LAVs in crystals and clusters.

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Journal of Micromechanics and Molecular PhysicsVol. 01, No. 01, 1650006 (2016)No Access

Radiation-induced catalysis of low energy nuclear reactions in solids

Vladimir Dubinko

https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424913016500065Cited by:1

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Abstract

The Schwinger model of nuclear fusion extended with account of localized anharmonic vibrations (LAV) has been applied to the nuclear reaction presumably taking place in the metal hydrides/deuterides. LAV excited in NiH lattice can enhance the fusion rate by 25 orders of magnitude. New method of the low-temperature catalysis of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) is proposed, which is based on the excitation of LAV in solids by Bremsstrahlung gamma and Characteristic X-rays produced by accelerated electrons hitting a metallic converter. The main advantage of the high-frequency electromagnetic irradiation is its deep penetration into the reactor material as compared to the electrons of the same energies. Upon entering the metal hydride/deuteride lattice, Characteristic X-rays are converted to the electrons of the same energies throughout the crystal bulk due to the photoelectric effect. The keV electrons produced in this way interact with heavy (metal) and light (H/D) ions resulting in significant displacements of the light ions while leaving the heavy metal ions essentially unperturbed. In this way, it is possible to excite LAV in the H/D sub-lattice in the whole volume of fuel mixture, which act as catalysts of LENR due to the time-periodic modulation of the potential wells, in which protons or deuterons are trapped. Experimental evidence of irradiation effect on the rate of chemical and nuclear reactions in solids is discussed and new experiments based on the present method are proposed.

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One of the advocates of breather theory and its role in LENR is Vladimir Dubinko.

Frank Znidarsciac proposed similar theory before some time: in his theory electron orbitals behave like elastic balls in resonance with their longitudinal (bulk) and transverse (surface) undulations (which is also the model of elementary particles in dense aether model, BTW). He derived resonance frequency, which roughly agrees with radiowave frequency used in devices of Piantelli, Defkalion, Rossi for initiation of cold fusion. I've nothing against such a theories, but these could apply to whatever system thinkable and after them we have problem, that many hydrogen loaded systems don't fuse. It's apparently complementary mechanism, not driving one.

This doesn't make this mechanism impossible, though. Apparently when entangled orbitals of linear chains of atoms would condense and undulate as a single body, then the breather solitons could form along them easier and they would get more energetic. Such a massive undulations could contribute to electron screening: in certain phase of oscillation these electrons would pile up at the connection line of atom nuclei and their attractive force would compensate the Coulomb repulsion of atom nuclei. On the other hand, Lipinski fusion is very simplistic, it comprises only lithium and protons without metal lattice and these solitons would have no time to form there.

Maybe saturated gypsum electrolyte .