Nuclear isomer 'anomaly'

Max Planck Institute, Heidelberg refutes NEEC(electron capture) theory

of Molybdenum 193 isomer 'decay'.

Experimental results by Chiara(US Army ) et al ,2018 are

approximately nine orders of magnitude too large

compared to NEEC prediction.

An alternative channel for Mo93m 'decay' is an open question.

May be relevant to P. Hagelsteins' Co57/Fe57 m 2018 findings

and J. Wyttenbach NPP2 2018 theory.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.00809.pdf

93mMo isomer depletion via beam-based nuclear excitation by electron capture

Yuanbin Wu,∗ Christoph H. Keitel, and Adriana P´alffy†

Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

(Dated: June 3, 2019)

A recent nuclear physics experiment [C. J. Chiara et al., Nature (London) 554, 216 (2018)] reports the first direct observation of nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) in the depletion of the 93mMo isomer. The experiment used a beam-based setup in which Mo highly charged ions with nuclei in the isomeric state 93mMo at 2.4 MeV excitation energy were slowed down in a solid-state target. In this process, nuclear excitation to a higher triggering level led to isomer depletion. The reported excitation probability Pexc = 0.01 was solely attributed to the so-far unobserved process of NEEC in lack of a different known channel of comparable efficiency.

In this work, we investigate the beam-based setup and calculate excitation rates via NEEC using state-of-the-art atomic structure and ion stopping power models.

For all scenarios, our results disagree with theexperimental data by approximately nine orders of magnitude.

This stands in conflict with the conclusion that NEEC was the excitation mechanism behind the observed depletion rate.

Quote from RobertBryant

(US Army

Why is the US army is interested in metastable Mo93m?

Most certainly its the weapon potential.

One bullet could release as much energy as 5 tonnes of TNT.

a bit more than 5kg of TNT.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_controversy

Mo93m has the same huge energy as Hf178m2

about 2.4 Mev per atom ,,similar to D-D fusion.

Chiara et al showed that the brute force of mechanical impact

causes the Mo93m to release energy rapidly by an unknown channel.

This may be relevant to biological effects of depleted uranium..

both U235/U238 may be destabilised by mechanical impact.

Other studies with nuclear isomers- Ba57m, Nb193m have used less brute force

- laser, electromagnetic,, to release energy rapidly by an unknown channel.

The destabilising effect on the nuclear isomer nucleus appears to be mediated

via the electron shell .

At the other end of the scale Yu/Hagelstein,2018 have shown that

Co57 decays to Co57(136kev level) rapidly via an unknown channel.

Stimulus ...Workhardening plus phonons?

What is the unknown channel? Are there several?

What are the cheapest peaceful stimuli?

There are lots of years of research for each isotope

Quote from Max Nozin

how long can you keep this bullet in your pocket

6.9 hrs if it was not in an impact

The US army generated Mo93m by Zirconium /Lithium fusion..

so it was not in bulletable form.

6.9 hrs is too long for LENR reactors. a silver bullet is better

nice metastable lifetimes in the seconds range

indicate that the non-gamma "alternative channel"

can be easily switched on.

perhaps Mo92m switches also.

a lifetime of research needed ...plus $

to uncover all the secrets of nuclear isomers

Magnetoelectric effect induced by the delocalised ^93mNiobium state

https://www.tandfonline.com/do…50.2014.988623?src=recsys

Cheng et al 2014 after work dating back more than 5 years found that

1. metastable Nb93m has an apparently accelerated halflife (~200 days) as compared to 16 yrs.
2. A strong magnetoelectric effect from a single large crystal of niobium

but only if the measured density of 93mNb is more than 10¹²atoms/cc.

They attribute the magnetoelectric effect to

“billions of small nuclear magnetons which collectively contribute to one large magneton”

The small magneton interaction seems to be effective over a distance of ~> >1 microns

or >> ~ 4000 atoms width. (My rough calculation based on the 10¹²atoms/cc cutoff )

which is far in atomic terms.

The production of Nb93m was by neutron irradiation.

Neutron irradiation also produces crystal defects, such as dislocations and voids.

These may contribute to the destabilisation of the Nb93m.

Cheng et al have an NSDW theory explanation ,but it appears not to be widely accepted in the literature

Dr Yao Cheng from Tsinghua University( formerly from Taiwan) in his supplementary material

stated that

The calibration carried out with the circuit board temperature of 30 °C in Taiwan (2011) shows that the energy of Nb Kα (Kβ) emitted from the delocalised 93mNb are higher by 12.0±4.3 (15.4±4.7) eV than the documented values

this large shift of the K peaks may be evidence that the innermost electrons of heavy atoms are part of the nuclear structure

or at least heavily influenced by it

https://media.nature.com/origi…1/extref/srep15741-s1.pdf

The Xray analysis was thorough... examining a whole bunch of possible interferences