No- the Mizuno heaters are sold as 'flexible' with quite a small bend radius. To me that suggests that they are in an inconel or similar metal sheath.
I do not know anything about them other than what you can Google translate here:
No- the Mizuno heaters are sold as 'flexible' with quite a small bend radius. To me that suggests that they are in an inconel or similar metal sheath.
I do not know anything about them other than what you can Google translate here:
I think Monotaro..Sakaguchi does Watlow firerod
Their sheath is
INCOLOY nickel-iron-chromium alloy 800
i'm agree Alan therefore despite JR's attempt to find out more, I remain wary.
Dr Mizuno doesn't recommend anything special just be good for his budget, it seems.
In this case, may be sometime he used something close as a TC with ceramic external skin.
However i probably speculate too much
No- the Mizuno heaters are sold as 'flexible' with quite a small bend radius. To me that suggests that they are in an inconel or similar metal sheath.
I do not know anything about them other than what you can Google translate here:
That site does not like Google Translator one bit. This is quite one of the few loose ends of the experimental set up. Hope it doesn’t end becoming the same loose end as the JM palladium batch.
Could you share references ? For me this type of heater could have an external layer in magnesium oxide which have a large IR spectrum.
Important finding or not , who knows ?
That site does not like Google Translator one bit.
Really? It worked well with my copy of Chrome. Here is the text:
Because the outer diameter is extremely thin, it can be installed in places where mounting is not possible with a sheath heater.
The heater is thin and flexible, so it can be easily bent and wound. (Minimum bending radius: 3 times outer diameter of sheath)
Finished in a thin tube and has a small heat capacity, so the temperature of the heating element is transmitted immediately.
The resistance per unit length is constant.
A variety of sheath outer diameter heating elements are available.
Sleeves can be attached to both ends according to the customer's usage conditions
The sheath uses a metal capillary SUS316, so it is highly durable even at high temperatures.
When we see the price we understand why Dr Mizuno used its.
It's well suited to small researchers not sponsored by GAFA's.
This heater is the same power as the one Mizuno used, but is not a flecible-sheath type. TM's heater was 2 meters long and folded (or coiled - not sure) to fit inside the reactor
My latest thoughts are to make two units that would look identical to Mizuno's except that the right end would also have a heater element.
The elements that I am looking at are 100 mm long and two of them would be opposite the 200 mm of mesh.
My heaters would be capable of 500 Watts each for a total of 1000 Watts.
Each unit would be prepared identically including the Pd on the Ni screen.
The Reactor Unit unit would be prepped as specified by Mizuno but the Control Unit would not receive the extreme evacuation process.
All steps would be automated and data would be recorded as the procedure progresses.
Set X = 100 deg C
Both units would receive what Mizuno calls “Heat Treatment” in which pretreatment of the reactant metal surface is carried out. The temperature is 120 degrees C for a duration of 20 hours.
Step 2: Only the Reactor Unit would receive processing as follows:
Evacuate. Evacuation will be down to 10^-2 Pa.
Heat for 2 hours at 200 deg C with sheath heaters.
Now both the Reactor and the Control Units would receive identical treatment:
Attempt to produce excess heat in both units:
Set the Deuterium gas pressure 200 Pa. in both units.
Raise the temperature to X deg C in the Control Unit.
This will be a form of Differential Calorimetry because we will provide electrical power to the Reactor Unit until it is at the same temperature as the Control Unit.
Any significant difference in power needed should be due to excess heat.
Record all data and publish to LENR forum.
Set X as the current temperature plus 10 C.
Repeat Back to Step 2 until the Control Unit is consuming 1000 Watts, or the temperature exceeds 400 deg C.
Whatever the Reactor unit is consuming in power to match the Control Unit’s temperature will allow you to calculate the COP of the Reactor Unit.
Pictures will be submitted showing the symmetrical positioning of the units so that they experience the same ability to dissipate heat.
This is only a proposal and I would like the input of the forum.
This sounds like a good way to go. My main concern is that what you are doing is really differential thermometry rather than differential calorimetry. So far, so good, but I have discovered that thermocouple are incredibly position-sensitive, a few mm either way can really affect readings. But maybe you can calibrate well enough to overcome that possibility
Take a piece of 24” Stainless Steel tubing with a 4” diameter and place two Bored Conflat Flanges, CF 6”, Bored 4”, tapped holes. Weld them in place.
Standard practice is to polish all the welds and then pickle such fabrications in (most recently) strong and hot citric acid, rinse them off with deionized water and check for leaks at the designed operating temperature.
Source of 24" x 4" stainless steel pipe:
pipingnow.com/4-Seamless-pipe-schedule-10s-stainless-steel-304-304l-astm-a312-asme-sa312/
Source of Conflat Flanges:
1. This is a Conflat flange bored for a 4" pipe. It is tapped so that the untapped flange can screw on easily without the need for nuts.
2. Its mate would be untapped flange that is not bored:
The unbored flanges need to be bored to fit the vacuum access and heater unit.
The bolts needed are Fine Threaded Hex Cap Screws, 5/16-24 x 1-½.
Versions of these items are also available with Metric screws. https://www.lesker.com/
F0600X412NM FLANGE,UHV,SS,BORED,FXD,6"OD, 4.114"C-BORE,M8 X 1.25 TPD HLS $176.90
There are 16 bolt holes.
The blank flanges are $77.14 each
The bored flanges are $82.65 each.
The 4" Seamless Pipe Schedule 10s, Stainless Steel 304/304L ASTM A312 ASME SA312 is $99.25
https://www.alliedelec.com/product/rs-pro/8606883/70658451/ are the heaters and they are $13.14 each
For a total of $445.11 each unit. Add in the cost of the nickel mesh and the Palladium and you have the cost of one unit in production.
Obviously production designs will be less expensive, but if this unit works, it will be like the first airplane...
Would a 3D CAD tool be helpfull?
I'm not able to provide it, but I would like to sponsor maybe a web based 3D CAD like sketchup.com is providing. Enables collaboration via browser and mobile devices.
I had proposed CATIA V5 but it may be too French ? JR said he didn't like part colors, maybe he can't see them ? I don't know ?
In any case, it's over for me.
Would a 3D CAD tool be helpfull?
I'm not able to provide it, but I would like to sponsor maybe a web based 3D CAD like sketchup.com is providing. Enables collaboration via browser and mobile devices.
Please add two copper gaskets:
Copper Gaskets for ConFlat connections:
ancorp.com/product-category/cf-wire-seal-flanges-and-fittings/hardware-seals/cf-copper-gaskets/
at $51 each.
Would a 3D CAD tool be helpfull?
I'm not able to provide it, but I would like to sponsor maybe a web based 3D CAD like sketchup.com is providing. Enables collaboration via browser and mobile devices.
I will provide SolidWorks drawings of my unit.
This sounds like a good way to go. My main concern is that what you are doing is really differential thermometry rather than differential calorimetry. So far, so good, but I have discovered that thermocouple are incredibly position-sensitive, a few mm either way can really affect readings. But maybe you can calibrate well enough to overcome that possibility
I will calibrate the units to give equal readings.
I will calibrate the units to give equal readings.
As noted by Alan Smith, the surface temperature is uneven and unpredictable. I recommend calorimetry instead of thermometry.
temperature difference = heat flow x thermal resistance
thermal resistance is a difficult concept
stick with heatflow = massflow x deltaT x heat capacity ...three variables ..the last one ...less variable
Right. Thanks. But I think you are addressing another issue. Anyway I took down my gross oversimplification which you cited. Heat meters measure the temperature difference between two surfaces across a "gradient layer" of known and stable thermal conductivity and geometry.
Better stated:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_heat_flow
and
https://study.com/academy/less…on-equation-examples.html
As to heat meters aka heat flux transducers:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_flux_sensor
https://www.gpsil.co.uk/our-pr…ters/measuring-principle/
The argument that point temperature measurements are a lousy way to estimate heat flow still remains for many reasons. This has always been my objection to isoperibolic calorimeters which in a sense are not calorimeters at all. Here comes Jed ... yes, I know they've been around since Archimedes.
The argument that point temperature measurements are a lousy way to estimate heat flow still remains for many reasons
Air calorimetry:
heatflowrate = massflowrate x deltaT x heat capacity
If the mass flowrate is uniform across the flow as there is in the turbulent flow out of the blower..
and if the temperatures are not varying wildly every minute
then point measurements at one place ...the RTD in the outlet duct ..every 15 seconds are quite sufficient.
to calculate delta T,
Mizuno estimates the mass flowrate by an accurately calibrated blower fan calibration.