These are the final pressure-temperature graphs for the run.
To me it looked as if temperatures increased somewhat more only when internal pressure stopped increasing or started decreasing.
MIZUNO REPLICATION AND MATERIALS ONLY
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The data files from MR2-1 are available at https://tinyurl.com/wy2vskc
Radiation data may be of interest, as several periods of elevated Neutron detection were noted. No unusual Gamma levels were seen.
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A quick graph with the more detailed data using a different system. 6 samples rolling = 60 seconds; 30 samples rolling = 300 seconds.
EDIT: here is an alternative version with a different scale for pressure and thinner lines
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alternative version with a different scale for pressure and thinner line
The two neutron bursts I noted both occurred about 10 minutes after a power step, where the temperature increase was starting to level off. It's worth watching for in future runs, and if repeatable is a good clue.
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The cell pressure has settled at 146 Pa (@18°C). I attempted to calculate the loading ratio from known dimensions and mass, and assuming all the missing D2 went into the Pd:
Cell volume 305 cc including plumbing and Baratron gauge.
D2 mass at 300 Pa = 1.53E-4 g = 0.153 mg
= 7.65E-5 mol of D
Pressure 24 hrs after MR2.1 = 146 Pa
Loaded D2 from pressure change = (154/300)*7.65E-5 = 3.93E-5 mol
Pd mass deposited 22 mg. = .022/106.4 = 2.07E-4 mol
Loading ratio = 3.93/20.7 = 0.19 D/Pd atom
Someone please check my math!
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Someone please check my math!
I'm lazy.. Mols of D2 loaded = 1.89E-5..but Mols D loaded=3.93E-5 mol
https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/ideal-gas-law
Magic Math looks OK.
Thanks for lab work.. CERN.. ITER.. Berkeley.. the big labs have shut down
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To see if the Neutron bursts reoccur, the last test sequence is now being repeated as MR2.2 The data stream is live at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4sEiKkCgSk
Pressure at the start was 143 Pa, so very little additional loading since yesterday.
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To see if the Neutron bursts reoccur, the last test sequence is now being repeated as MR2.2 The data stream is live at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4sEiKkCgSk
Pressure at the start was 143 Pa, so very little additional loading since yesterday.
One question can you tell the energy level of these neutrons and their rate of production relative to the rate of excess heat/uv/x-rays and other anomalous electromagnetic effects? A thorough kinetic and thermodynamic analysis would be interesting.
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LeBob No gamma radiation above background was detected in MR2.1. The steel cell body blocks everything below about 100 keV so any x-ray and UV emission is not detectable. The Optris camera may give some indication of unusual heat distribution in the cell, though none was seen in the previous run. The thermocouple temp closely matched calibration measurements.
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In the next future book to write on LENR history, we can take up this very first quote from this thread
JedRothwell posted
"In the upcoming ICCF22 conference, Tadahiko Mizuno will report increased excess heat with nickel mesh coated with palladium. The results are dramatic, so we decided to upload a preprint of his paper. To understand the calorimetry, you have to read his ICCF21 paper.
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LeBob No gamma radiation above background was detected in MR2.1. The steel cell body blocks everything below about 100 kEv so any x-ray and UV emission is not detectable. The Optris camera may give some indication of unusual heat distribution in the cell, though none was seen in the previous run. The thermocouple temp closely matched calibration measurements.
Quite what I suspected, thanks! UV and X-rays would be thermalized and absorbed. Any neutrons (or possibly short lived exotic forms of atomic hydrogen?) and alpha/beta particles are probably trace, scant and blocked by the casing. Possible conclusion, a majority of excess energies are in the hard UV to soft X-ray range and rarely result in high energy nuclear fragment particles or nuclear level energy release. "Simplifies" possibilities.
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The data files for today's run MR2.2 are available at https://tinyurl.com/v8cgad4
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Here's the corresponding graph.
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magicsound Could you summarise your thoughts on the experiment so far? And the next steps?
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magicsound Could you summarise your thoughts on the experiment so far? And the next steps?
1. The experimental system is adequately stable and controllable over the temperature and pressure ranges of interest.
2. No excess heat has been measured. The resolution of the system in the power domain is estimated to be ±5 watts
3. Apparent loading of Deuterium into Pd was seen in MR2.1, to an atomic ratio of ~ 0.19 D/Pd.
4. Slightly elevated Neutron count was seen at specific times, near the knee in the temperature curve following a power step.
Those events were more evident in MR2.1, but seem to have also occurred in MR2.2 as noted below on the chart just posted by can.
The amplitude of these events is not sufficiently above background level to be convincing, so further study is needed before any conclusion.
The replication report by Zhang last August showed increasing excess heat with repeated cycles of loading. Therefore my next step will be to de-load the Pd by vacuum and heat, followed by more testing with fresh Deuterium.
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even if no XH , great job even so..
When you will reach end of all your ideas and have not encountered any XH at all, I would suggest to try the Mastromatteo loading process.
he had encountered XH even if he had not used the R20 process.
A mix of his loading process with R20 should be interesting to see.
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......strategies to increase probability of ultra dense deuterium cluster formation?
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Zhang suggested the following procedure on page 22 of his report:
- Heat above 100 °C
- Apply a vacuum
- Cool down to room temperature
- Admit 1.5 ml D2 to 0.3 MPa (3 bar)
- Let it soak for 24 hours
- Apply 77W power for heat measurements
Apparently the excess heat event was short-lived but repeatable. When it would completely subside, D2 would be removed, then admitted again at 3 bar. The main difference from Mizuno appears to be the operating pressure, but the report does not make it entirely clear if pressure was decreased just before increasing temperatures.
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I must admit the very low pressure D2 environment that Mizuno likes is a puzzle, since intuitively you would expect that more pressure would improve the loading ratio if the PD. But perhaps variation on pressure is more important than absolute pressure? Encouraging deuterium to move through the Pd lattice is generally held to be a key feature of successful experiments
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It might be worth repeating that according to Storms the loading ratio itself might not be important, except as a tool for obtaining gaps in the material by taking advantage of the volumetric expansion of beta-PdD/H. Zhang's procedure of repeated loading cycles would be doing what Edmund Storms has suggested on this regard, although in Zhang's case there's no clear presence of a deuterium removal step after loading. Increasing temperatures would also deload Pd, however.
If PdD does not have the same catalytic effects towards hydrogen dissociation as metallic Pd (I do not know if it's the case, but it seems a realistic expectation), low pressures and elevated temperatures would help by avoiding PdD formation. This could be a reason why Mizuno prefers low pressures.
There's also a possibility that high pressures in this specific case rapidly deteriorate the active state of the mesh obtained after deuterium is unloaded from Pd, which could explain why in Zhang's case it was short-lived. This has been suggested by Storms as well, in reference to Zhang.
