MIZUNO REPLICATION AND MATERIALS ONLY

Quote from magicsound

The primary constituent coming out of the steel seems to be Nitrogen, followed by water vapor as expected.

It is good that you have the right instruments to detect this! Working without them is floundering around in the dark.

The peaks of 14, 17 are somehow interesting, also their height 1:2 : mon-atomic Nitrogen and OH^-. Looks like N(OH) from an NO₂ reduction. May be from the cleaner.

You should try to find the origin of the nitrogen. May be just once heat an untreated tube to look whether it was in the steel.

Wyttenbach The signal at 17 is OH-, common in vacuum systems I'm told. And 14 is probably mono-atomic N. Could be CH₂ (Methylene) but where would that have come from?

According to Wiki "The methylene molecule (CH₂) was mentioned for the first time by Donald Duck in a comic in 1944." So it must be real!

Magicsound,

The mass at 32 indicates an air leak (as likely you already know). Air will disappear faster than water and hydrogen. Both molecules are very difficult to eliminate under vacuum. Do you have a mass 40? Squirt acetone around the outside (care of the flammability!!!) and look for mass 43. Not knowing the set-up, you could have back streaming through the pump (not really likely)?? Why 304 vs. 316? Just curious. Never liked Swagelock fittings in vacuum systems. I tended to go with VCR instead. I also never liked O-rings vs. knife edges but now days I have seen a lot of O-rings (they leak helium though).

Keep up the good work and I look forward to seeing results.

DAK2 The RGA-MS scan I posted was taken from a prior calibration, before the leaking Baratron gauge was replaced. My most recent test following a high-temperature bake-out confirms that leak to have been eliminated. I'll do further MS analysis as soon as I install the new sampling valve and related parts, due to arrive this week. That will use a 1/8" Swagelok tube fitting, the only one remaining in the system.

During the bake-out with 300 watts heater power, the center of the cell settled at 358°C. Near the ends of the cell it was around 250°C, measured by the Optris camera. With the external sheath heater now used, the cell temperature is more uniform across the length, and is relatively independent of the cell contents.

Quote from arise

It's well known that low Thz frequencies are indicated to trigger LENRs.

I have other information in this direction but are confidential, I say it bluntly.

Can you give some references for this that are not "confidential"?

Quote from arise:

Now, what would it take to make things better?

A very rough or black painted internal wall, of course !

By better, do you mean a stronger LENR reaction or process? By black do you mean high emissivity? What kind of black coating could survive in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperature and without out-gassing contaminants that might suppress the desired reaction in the Ni-Pd?

An internal, thin Nickel sleeve with ground-in Palladium Black coating, maybe even instead of the mesh...

What about graphite sheet? It should not decompose easily in hydrogen at moderate temperatures.

I don't have any skin in this game, but I hate to see so much talent and money wasted.

Success requires following a procedure that actually describes the events leading up to LENR. Application of random conditions and treatments will not do the job. So, please follow a process that is known to work.

First, a condition needs to be created in the material in which a chain of d can form. This condition can be caused by reacting Pd with d to achieve a high D/Pd ratio. This process causes stress that results in the formation of the required gaps. The burnished Pd used by Mizuno has many weak regions that would form such gaps (cracks) when subjected to this stress.

Mizuno added d by subjecting the material to gas discharge in D2 gas. Without this treatment, the required D/Pd ratio would not occur and the gaps (cracks) would not form.

After the gaps form, the material needs to be stored in D2 gas to prevent complete loss of d. Complete loss would happen rapidly, thereby making the material inactive unless it were again subjected to gas discharge.

When heated, the over pressure of D2 needs to be as high as practical. Impurities in the gas are not important, except the H content of the gas needs to be low. Any H will dilute the D, thereby reduce the amount of power resulting from each fusion process. The D2 gas is necessary to keep some d in the structure. The heating should be done slowly in stages while excess power is measured. The excess power, if real , will be found to increase linearly with respect to log power vs 1/T. Failure to see this temperature effect is evidence that LENR did not occur.

I can predict that failure to follow these guide lines will result in certain failure.

I agree, this claim is counter-intuitive. I would suspect the rapid change in conditions created an error in the calorimeter measurement. A very low pressure would keep enough d in the structure to cause some LENR but its complete loss would stop the process as result no fuel being present.

Analysis of the nanopores produced in nickel and palladium by high hydrogen pressure

[The formation of superabundant vacancies was observed in the structure in both cases. For Pd, the pores, which formed by the coalescence of vacancies, had dimensions of 20–30 nm when present in the interior of the metal.]

Evidence for a superstructure in hydrogen-implanted palladium

[These results are similar to those obtained by very high-pressure hydrogenation of palladium and prompt us to suggest that plasma-based hydrogen implantation

is likely to induce superabundant vacancy phase generation.]

X -ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic characterization of electrolytically hydrogenated nickel and palladium

[Interesting features about the intergranular cracks developed during and after charging are discussed.]

Quote from Storms

After the gaps form, the material needs to be stored in D2 gas to prevent complete loss of d. Complete loss would happen rapidly, thereby making the material inactive unless it were again subjected to gas discharge.

When heated, the over pressure of D2 needs to be as high as practical. Impurities in the gas are not important, except the H content of the gas needs to be low. Any H will dilute the D, thereby reduce the amount of power resulting from each fusion process. The D2 gas is necessary to keep some d in the structure. The heating should be done slowly in stages while excess power is measured. The excess power, if real , will be found to increase linearly with respect to log power vs 1/T. Failure to see this temperature effect is evidence that LENR did not occur.

If we consider the nano-gap hypothesis correct, we will have two primary cases, as I see it:

a) the 'elastic' case, where low pressure hydrogen will enter into existing cracks and react without essentially increasing the cracks' propagations. When reaction products have diffused from the solid, the cracks will be subject to new reactions. Perhaps 'elastic' is not the right term to use, but it's the one that comes into my mind, based upon elastic (non-destructive) stresses in the solid.

b) the destructive case, where high pressure hydrogen makes the cracks propagate through the fuel material, eventually making the solid passive (or exhausted).

I have shown that the SAV idea is not related to LENR because this structure does not and can not form under the conditions present during LENR. Consequently, it is pointless to continue using this idea to explain LENR. Nevertheless, I realize people will continue to waste their time using this idea because they do not care to study all the literature. In my case, I have no interest in wasting my time arguing about the subject. I suggest, people who are interested should study the full range of what is known to be true rather than making guesses.

As for the cracks, I propose stress causes a gap to slowly grow wider until a dimension is reached that allows the compound I call the Hydroton to form in the gap. Its formation stabilizes the gap, thereby preventing the gap from growing wider. Stress can be produced many different ways but the most common results from the reaction to form the metal hydride. After a gap has achieved this condition, a fusion process will be initiated by a random event in the gap, thereby releasing energy and photons from the Hydroton. The d lost to fusion will be replaced by diffusion from the surrounding lattice. The fusion process will repeat at each site as each experiences fusion and then replaces the d atoms to form a new Hydroton. The measured power results from many such sites combining to produce random bursts of energy.

Consequently, the structure required for fusion to take place requires application of stress in the presence of d atoms in the lattice. One without the other will not produce LENR.

This model has clear implications that when followed consistently have been shown to produce LENR.

Pretty good write up Storms~

Quote from Paradigmnoia

An internal, thin Nickel sleeve with ground-in Palladium Black coating, maybe even instead of the mesh...

What do you mean by "ground-in Palladium Black coating"?

Here is a brief letter describing a replication of the Mizuno's experiment:

https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RamaraoPgeneration.pdf

Abstract

Centre for Energy Research (CER) at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA) which is a deemed-to-be University at Bangalore, India started its research on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) in 2015. The team at CER tried different designs of custom made reactors and has so far carried out more than 200 experiments with various combinations of the active materials like Nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd) with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LAH), Lithium and Hydrogen (H2)/Deuterium (D2) gas at different conditions. Extensive studies and work was also carried out on instrumentation and data Acquisition to capture the phenomena.

Quote from Curbina

Overall good news, I hope they publish a detailed report.

It does seem promising. I believe they plan to publish a detailed report. I asked them for a preliminary letter, and for permission to upload it.

Srinivasan introduced them to the field.

I should add that you now know as much about this research as I do.