THE USEFUL BOOK THREAD

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT S Tumanski Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. 485pp.

..... it can be difficult to find a book that includes a
complete guide on the techniques used in taking electrical measurements.
The reason for this is rather obvious –modern measuring requires knowledge
of many interdisciplinary topics such as computer techniques, electronics,
signal processing, micro- and nanotechnology, artificial intelligence
methods, etc. It is practically impossible for one author to know and explain
all these subjects. Therefore, there are frequently available books called
“Handbook of…” written by dozens of co-authors. Unfortunately, such books
are mainly more conglomerates of many encyclopaedia entries of unequal
levels than comprehensive and compact knowledgeable books.
The other aspect of this problem is that the progress in measuring
techniques is very fast, with every year bringing new developments. It is
really difficult to catch the state of the art in measurements. It is much easier
to gather knowledge on a particular subject in the form of a monograph
focused on a special problem. But on the other hand, students and industry
engineers look for comprehensive books that are easy to understand and most
of all include recent developments, such the computer measuring systems or
virtual measuring methods. I lecture on electrical measurements to students
of electrical engineering, robotics and informatics. To tell the truth I could
not find a suitable book on the whole subject and therefore I decided to write
one myself. Last year I “tested” this book on students and the results were
quite promising. Most of the students understood the electrical measurements
and what most importantly, they found that this subject was interesting, and
even fascinating.
Let us look at modern measurement techniques, the present state and the
future perspectives.

principles-of-electrical-measurement.pdf

The Physics of Condensed Plasmoids (CPs) and Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR)

Lutz Jaitner, February 2020, lutz.jaitner t-online de, http://www.condensed-plasmoids.com

Abstract

LENR researchers have long been puzzled about the basic questions: How can nuclei fuse at low temperature, i.e. how can they overcome the Coulomb barrier without having high kinetic energies? Why is the observed excess heat not accompanied with gamma radiation? Why is LENR producing helium-4 from deuterium, whereas D-D hot fusion is mainly producing helium-3, tritium, protons and neutrons? How can LENR be technically optimized for commercial use?

To answer these questions, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in LENR. This environment is an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a “condensed plasmoid”. The computed properties of CPs are so exotic that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter.

This document is first in describing the properties of CPs, the microscopic evidence of CPs in LENR experiments, how the properties of CPs help explaining a wealth of remarkable findings in LENR experiments, examples of nuclear reaction routes possibly enabled by CPs, the quantum-mechanical model of CPs, the computational results derived from this model, verifiable predictions derived from the theory on CPs and a technology assessment on potential dangers of LENR.

The mechanism, which suppresses gamma radiation in CPs, will also be described in this document.

The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 um) plasma “wire” (The quantitative properties given in the abstract are depending on the configuration of the CP; these are just examples). The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high velocity (10 to 80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This results in an intrinsic current of about 9 kA in the CPs, with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A per square picometer.

The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 megatesla and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The electrons are compressed by a z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons per cubic picometer. The creation of a CP is an endothermic process (i.e. it takes in energy from an external source), which typically requires discharges with high voltages and high currents.

Once created, CPs enjoy a lifetime, which can extend to hours and beyond. This longevity is likely not a result of the CP’s stability, but is rather based on a self-sustained feedback of nuclear energy, countering the otherwise inevitable decay of the CP. The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunneling through the Coulomb barrier. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons. Nuclear energy feedback to the electrons can potentially produce a negative resistivity of sparks and a self-sustained growth of CPs. This can lead to high-voltage oscillations in the electrodes and a dangerous and sudden release of nuclear energy, if the electrode circuitry is not damped resistively and the reaction rate is not properly fuel-limited.

condensed_plasmoids_lenr.pdf

I am always happy to see others adding interesting (or useful) material

Quote from jeff

Building Scientific Apparatus by Moore, Davis, and Coplan. The book has a chapter devoted to vacuum technology including useful equations, vacuum measurement, and vacuum pumps. I found this book invaluable in designing and constructing a roughing plug turbo pump system capable of 1e-7 Torr. Hint: all high vacuum components utilize metal-to-metal seals.

vdocuments.mx_building-scientific-apparatus.pdf

EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY MANUAL - GENERAL CHEMISTRYfor students of technical specialties

Pretty much a chemistry techniques 101 for those new to it.

EXPERIMENTAL_LABORATORY_MANUAL_by_discip.pdf

Fake Physics etc...

The first chapter, “Science Fiction Posing as Science Fact”, starts on

what should be familiar territory to many readers: Asimov’s original

Thiotimoline spoof, as well as a number of follow-ups to it written by

Asimov and others. It also takes a broader look at various ways in

which iction writers try to persuade readers they’re actually reading

non-iction.

The second chapter “The Relativity of Wrong” (a phrase coined by

Asimov) takes a step back to look at the way real science works—and

how aspects of its methodology, speciically the formulation of

hypotheses, can easily be twisted to create science-ictional (or in some

cases, science-factual) “fake physics”.

The third chapter looks at “The Art of Technobabble”. Professional

physics has both a language of its own—a mixture of jargon and

mathematics—and a literary style, namely that of the academic paper.

The latter is particularly important, because both the promulgation of

scientiic ideas and the furtherance of scientiic careers depend on

scientists publishing their results.

This brings us to the next chapter: “Spoofs in Scientiic Journals”.

Some of these are indistinguishable in style, format, and intent from

Asimov’s thiotimoline piece—the only difference being that they

appeared in publications (either serious or not so serious) aimed at

professional scientists rather than SF readers.

Not surprisingly, the appearance of spoofs has a peak around the 1st

of April each year—to the extent that the “April Fool” phenomenon

requires a whole chapter to itself. Some of these spoofs appeared in

traditional print media, but—as already mentioned—their real home

today is the online arXiv repository.

So far, all the spoofs discussed have been purely for fun. The ones in

the next chapter—“Making a Point”—are funny too, but the authors had

another reason for writing them besides making people laugh. This is

where you’ll ind the Sokal hoax and various “sting operations” against

unscrupulous predatory journals.

The inal chapter is called “Thinking Outside the Box”. While the

“fake physics” here undoubtedly has fake aspects—and is often highly

entertaining—it nevertheless carries a serious scientiic message.

There’s scientiic debunking of paranormal claims, thought

experiments like the relativistic “twin paradox”, and discussions of

other universes governed by different physical laws.

Fake Physics Spoofs, Hoaxes and Fictitious Science by Andrew May (z-lib.org).pdf

Ken Shoulders Book on EVO technology.

EV A Tale of Discovery - Kenneth R. Shoulders-OCRs.pdf