I like such intelligent nonsense
Randy Davis Patents/Marathon, and New Energy Power Systems
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In a recent post, a reader indicated he is or would like to be part of the basic, fully understood, experiment to identify parameters for a working system. The list of system concepts and parameters given above is derived from the many previous experiments in this field and can possibly be considered as a baseline for the basic experiment in which the reader is interested. The reader's interest in contributing should be passed on to the DoD's chief program manager. Note that when "keV" was used to indicate accelerator voltage for neutron generators, this needs to be considered somewhat different from use of "keV" to describe plasma temperature in fusion cross section and reaction parameter graphs. Also, in cold fusion, the two ions are attracted directly towards each other. The cross section could, therefore, be expected to be about one barn or 10-24 cm2 and the reaction parameter (velocity times cross section) about 0.5 x 10-19 cm3/sec.
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I have been studying these works for years. Reginald and I have spoken a few times. His works should be cited in a few recent patents, sadly they are not. One story in the saga of cold fusion, if his voice had been strengthened the field would have advanced sooner.
NEPS*NewEnergy Way over my head, yet even I learn from Reginald. I hope you find his works of interest.
Magnitites Pycnonuclear Reactions within Electrochemical, Radioactive and Electromagnetic Medias
By the way... Thanks for the Greek
The importance of proton-deuteron (p-d) reactions can be understood by focusing on a type of high-density reaction called "pycnonuclear".
This term is derived from the Greek word "pyknos", meaning "compact, dense".
Abstract
The electrochemically active elements of the transition series include both the third, fourth and fifth d block elements, the lanthanides and the actinides. These transition elements have distinct electrochemistry for driving many chemical reactions, in particular the absorption of large volumes of hydrogen and the formation of various hydrides. In particular, Pd, Th, Ti, Ag, Au and La hydrides exhibit anomalous effects. The chemical reactions for forming, decomposing and rearranging the bonds of metal hydrides involve large energies. Furthermore these metal hydrides and mixtures are here demonstrated to exhibit greater strange cold nuclear reactions both cold fission and cold fusion. This invention provides magnetic, x-ray, laser irradiation, pressure, neutron beam, beta ray, alpha ray, gamma ray and catalytic technology for accommodating the special conditions for more controlled and accelerated cold nuclear reactions within the dense plasma (pycno) provided by the lattice of these metal hydrides. Under these conditions, the cold nuclear reactions are controllably enhanced to rates for practical energy sources but the very nonsynergistic nature of these pycnonuclear phenomena diminishes the possibility of runaway or explosive systems.
About
Honorable Professor Reginald Little
https://www.linkedin.com/in/reginald-little-10ab0038
List of Research Accomplishments by Dr. Reginald B. Little
1. First Discovery, Prediction and Explanation of Magnetic Ordering in Carbon Nanostructures (2000).
2. Discovery and Determination of the First Comprehensive Mechanism of Carbon Nanotube Formation on the Basis of Dynamic Magnetic Phenomena and Spin Density Waves during Bond Rearrangements (2000).
3. Prediction and Discovery of Diamond Formation during Carbon Bond Rearrangements in Strong Static External Magnetic Field (2000).
4. Discovery and Prediction of the Catalytic Formation of Graphene on Transition Metal Catalysts (2000).
5. Correct Discovery, Prediction, Explanation, and Illustration of the Physicochemical Synthesis of Free-Standing Single Layer Graphene in Plasma of Electric Arc and Laser Plumes (2002).
6. Discovery and Observation of the Nucleation of Diamond in Strong Static Magnetic Fields (>15 Teslas) without High Pressures and High Temperatures and without Hydrogen Plasma (2003).
7. Discovery and Determination of the Resolution of the Diamond Problem after More Than 200 Years (2004).
8. Discovery of New Physico-Chemical Phenomena for Understanding Chemical Reaction Dynamics under Extreme Conditions Involving Multi-Spin Induced Orbital Symmetry Breakage and Non-Preservation of Orbital Symmetry: the Little Effect (2000).
9. First Discovery, Prediction and Experimentally Observation of Coulomb Screening for Inverse Beta Processes and Nuclear Reactions in Hydrogeneous Graphene-Iron (2005).
10. Discovery and Determination of the Ferrochemistry of Structures, Properties, Dynamics, Reactivities and Enzymatics of Biomolecules (2007). -
. Also, in cold fusion, the two ions are attracted directly towards each other.
Intelligent cold fusion
or magnetic?
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sama same I suppose
The definition of LENR provided by the LENR Forum is very intelligent
Also includes magnetic
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definition of LENR
definition of LENR is a bit indefinite..almost an oxymoron
like military intelligence
but definitively in hot fusion the +ve protons are repulsive and are smashed together in happy union
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The two ions are attracted directly towards each other since one has a negative charge and one is positive. Recommend paper by Sinha.
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The two ions are attracted directly towards each other
You need to define your writing better
"Sinha cold fusion"
there are many different 'colds'..
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The two ions are attracted directly towards each other since one has a negative charge and one is positive.
There is no such thing as a direct attraction by two distant opposite charges. As soon as a charge moves it produces a
B-field that diverts the opposite charge. But not even Dirac did grasp this... so don't worry...
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. But not even Dirac did grasp this.
perhaps the hot fusioneers do not grasp this either
even stack exchange nowadays acknowledges it
How do moving charges produce magnetic fields?I'm tutoring high school students. I've always taught them that: A charged particle moving without acceleration produces an electric as well as a magnetic…physics.stackexchange.com -
A reader recently indicated that there is no such thing as a "direct attraction by two distant opposite charges". Actually, however, if the charges are not moving, the force between them is on the same line as the electric field between them. The interaction of charges in motion is described in many textbooks, and is particularly of interest to those involved in hot fusion, high voltage accelerators, transformer design, etc. Reference Chapter 30 in "University Physics" by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Westley Publishing Company, 1987. While in motion, the ions are still attracted directly towards each other at each increment of time due to their electric field(s). When the electric field and magnetic field both exert forces, the total force is the vector sum of both forces.
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Zemansky and Young,
I used the same authors in highschool in Grade 11. in 1972
the magnetic force is negligible in the far field
but in the near field it is not..
therefore "the vector sum of both forces " magnetic and electric
will NOT be " directly towards each other"
Zemansky and Young is good for Grade 11.
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the force between them is on the same line as the electric field between them.
A common error in undergrad simplified textbooks....
May be you think of a plate condenser with static charge at rest where it is OK. But never for moving particles..as there is a second force from the magnetic field that is never central....
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A recent comment referenced patent application US2014014046A1 (i.e., not a patent). The application contained only one claim and was abandoned.
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WRT comment that the vector sum of both the magnetic and electric forces
will not be directly towards each other, what about the direction of just the magnetic force in the near field?
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the direction of just the magnetic force in the near field?
back in the day..1972
"The angle dependence of the magnetic field also causes charged particles to move perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in a circular or helical fashion, while a particle in an electric field will move in a straight line along an electric field line."
Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field | Boundless Physics
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The discussion in Sections 31-1 and 31-2 of Sears, Zemansky and Young indicates that a point charge (e.g., one of the deuterium ions) moving with velocity (v) produces magnetic field lines that are circles with centers along the line of the velocity. Due to symmetry of the circular magnetic field lines, a point charge (e.g., a second deuterium ion) lying on the line of the velocity should not be deflected. In addition, the cross product of electric and magnetic fields EXB should keep the ions centered along the line of the velocity. Collision can, therefore, be expected.
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Item “a” in the list of system concepts/parameters makes the point that scaling-up from liquid electrolysis experiments to industrial systems would be difficult. Most cold fusion and LENR experiments have involved liquid electrolysis where an anode and cathode are immersed in a liquid electrolyte (heavy water, or D2O). Some experiments have investigated cold fusion of deuterium gas in a metal matrix, without using a liquid electrolyte. Liquids produce problems, such as boiling and evaporation of the liquid, build-up of contaminants, and limited operating temperature. Scale-up from liquid electrolyte experiments to industrial systems would be difficult-to-impossible due to these types of problems.
Scale-up and industrialization of deuterium gas-based cold fusion systems will also be difficult. This is a complex, though not impossible, undertaking from the standpoint of applying advanced physics and engineering principles, and also in view of the complexity of the subsystems to be built, integrated and tested. Some have said that a “Manhattan Project” approach will be needed in terms of development complexity, required expertise, urgency, and time constraints. Many areas of expertise will need to be involved. It requires scientists and engineers with advanced knowledge and understanding of physics and engineering, and individuals that are highly-experienced, team-oriented, and committed to further innovation. Industrial Partners, as team members, will need to be technically-advanced research and development companies, highly interested in solving the climate crisis, and committed to advancing scientific discovery and technical innovation. Most companies and institutions today, by comparison, are specialized and limited in the required areas of expertise. A joint development program will be required to integrate work of the advanced development companies.
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In addition, the cross product of electric and magnetic fields EXB should keep the ions centered along the line of the velocity. Collision can, therefore, be expected.
As said these are classic fantasies. Deuterium also has a static magnetic moment that will twist the opposing Deuterium. Sorry no concentric field lines...
Further al nuclei have a Zitterbegung and never move straight. It's a narrow spiral and after the first out of axis -- bang...
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The concerns expressed above by Robert Bryant and Wyttenback are examples that demonstrate the technical complexity that will be involved in a serious cold fusion system industrialization program. Scale up from liquid electrolysis experiments will probably not work out. Designs for gas or gaseous cold fusion generators also have their own set of issues. For example, the anode and cathode must be sufficiently spaced apart to prevent high voltage breakdown. All possible means should be implemented to load the cathode, such as high gas pressure, thermal diffusion and strong electric fields. The volume of cathode reaction material must be sized to contain enough reaction sites for the desired amount of power, taking into account many sites where reactions will not occur. In addition, the cathode must be able to be installed with ease and later replaced.
