"Hydro-wave technology" Afanasyev V.S. and comments to it Cherepanov A.I.

    Some recent experiments in the HELIS facility show increased neutron production ~ 2.5 MeVs ?

    for 25 kev input.

    .of course 25 kev is equivalent to 29 million K in a hot collision environment


    which is not LENR.. at least not in the same league as 100C ( Fleischmann and Pons) and 300C (Mizuno... Takahashi...etc)


    "

    . The DD reaction yield values calculated for given experimental conditions are also indicated. Figure 1 shows

    that the experimental DD reaction yields obtained on the targets significantly exceed the calculated

    values. , the experimental yields are, respectively, 2 and 4 times higher than the calculated values(from known cross sections)

    under irradiation with the deuterium ions beam.


    These calculated values wre based on known cross sections for these two reactions..

    d+d→p(3 MeV)+T(1 MeV))

    d+d→n(2.45 MeV)+3He(0.8 MeV)


    Although these results are interesting .. they may not be relevant to LENR at much lower temperatures.

    https://www.researchgate.net/p…res_at_the_HELIS_facility


    Large electron screening effect in different environments

    Matej Lipoglavsek, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    (18) (PDF) Large electron screening effect in different environments. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/p…in_different_environments [accessed Nov 16 2020].


    Matej :)joke..TM 18.16

    "42 is the answer to the ultimate question of the universe.".. no-one laughs...


    Some results may be relevant to LENR reactions.


    Finally In 2010 , after 5 years of failure to get an enhanced fusion"Electron screening " effect"

    Breakthrough only when the target foil was damaged... by work hardening or radiation damage..


    The latest Japanese alloys have crystal defects introduced... radiation damage/work hardening.. Takahashi/Mizuno

    "

    As it can be seen from table 1, large electron screening potential was observed in all targets with the highest value observed in graphite target. (42.9)These results can be interpreted in the following way. The presence of a hydrogen impurity atom in the hexagonal graphite lattice creates a lattice distortion [22] placing the proton always closer to one carbon atom than to the others.

    This is different from cubic lattice of our metallic targets,where in the undamaged lattice the hydrogen finds an equilibrium position equidistant from the metallic atoms.

    However, the palladium and tungsten targets were radiation damaged and protons were trapped into crystal lattice vacancies [14], where they are again closer to one metallic atom thanto the others. But we observed lower electron screening potentials in Pd than in the graphite target.

    The reason for this is that in polycrystalline metals, hydrogen can also be trapped at grain boundaries and voids [14], where we assume lower electron screening, making the effective electron screening for the two kinds of trapping sites lower.

    Next,the observed electron screening potential in the Pd target was lower than in the W target. A possible explanation for this is that our palladium sample was cold rolled, while the tungsten one was annealed. It is known that the cold rolling process increases the number of grain boundary defects, but when the foil is annealed the number of these defects is reduced. Due to this, the resulting effective screening potential in the Pd target is lower than in W.

    The TiH target did not have the full TiH2 stoichiometry,since the powder has been stored in air for several years. The measured stoichiometry of 1.03 means that TiH1.03 is a mixture of fcc and tetragonal fct lattices [23]. As we have shown in earlier experiments with Pd targets[12], the hydrogen on regular interstitial sites in a fcc lattice does not produce a large electron screening effect. Only when the protons are pulled way from their fcc equilibrium positions, a large screening effect occurs.This is the case in the fct lattice in TiH.

    Finally, from the presented results

    we calculated that the dependence of the electron screening potential on the proton number Zof the projectile seems to be higher than Z2..



    Взаимодействие с другими людьми

    You wrote - ". Of course 25 kev is equivalent to 29 million K in a hot collision environment" ... And at this point you and I are "on opposite sides" ... The point is that I argue in a paradigm " physical chemistry microworld Kanarev F.M. "... In this paradigm, the temperature is characterized by photons according to Wien's Law -

    λf = rf = 2.898 • 10 ^ -3 / T ° K, where λf is the photon wavelength, rf is the photon radius

    Thus, the energy of a neutron or the energy of an electron or the energy of a proton has nothing to do with the temperature of the medium, but the electron is the emitter of photons, which characterize the temperature of the medium in the range from 3 ° K to a million degrees -

    T ° K = 2.898 • 10- ^ 3 / λf = 2.898 • 10- ^ 3/3 • 10 ^ -9 m = 0.97 • 10 ^ 6 ° K


    You wrote - "These calculated values are based on known cross sections for these two reactions.



    d + d → p (3 MeV) + T (1 MeV))


    d + d → n (2.45 MeV) + 3He (0.8 MeV) "

    And again I argue in the paradigm of the physical chemistry of the microworld ... The only "emitter" of gamma photons with energies of 1-3 MeV is a proton or protons ... Why does a proton emit? Why does the electron radiate? This is due to their magnetic structure and their precession of rotation around their axis ... Both deuterium and tritium contain one proton each ... Therefore, the convergence of deuterium and tritium nuclei is a magnetic process between protons, which approach each other in several stages, due to mutual magnetic attraction, and for this reason, after each stage a gamma photon is emitted ... For example, three emitted gamma photons make up a total energy of 3 MeV ... Both protons produce radiation - for example, a deuterium proton and a tritium proton ... we observe the result of this rapprochement .... The mistake of physicists, which has existed in physics for more than 100 years, is that these particles do not interact in nature like "billiard balls", but they have magnetic interaction with each other ... It's amazing, but we still don't know what a "magnetic field" is ... The sooner we figure it out, the sooner we begin to understand the action, as an example, of the M3 engine of the French inventor de Jean Claude Cordi er -

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    Quote from RobertBryant

    under irradiation with the deuterium ions beam.

    The authors in the Ledbedev Institute bombarded the target with 25 kEV deuterium ions..

    in their Helis setup. They have been doing such collision work for a decade or more.

    They believe in collision theory of nuclear reactions... which is the traditional Russian theory.


    I do not believe that these fast collisions are relevant to LENR reactions at temperatures of 100C, 300C.. and that collision theory is a dead end.

    There is no huge Coulomb barrier to surmount. What there is is a complex magnetic field to deal with. From basic equations there is not much F= QxE where E is the Coulomb field..

    what there is is F=BQv.. where B is the magnetic field and if v of the incoming deuteron is very fast the higher the force deflecting it is... and the smaller the chance of fusion.


    So the socalled electron screening effect seen at low incoming energies may be due to

    the lower velocity and the lower magnetic force.

    This 'electron screening' effect is only a word

    actually a rationalisation for "increased fusion".

    It is the best idea that Czerski and others can come up in the past two decades with to explain "increased fusion" based on their assumptions about Coulomb wall.

    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.o…48b647b31dc0ace8e85d3.pdf



    Взаимодействие с другими людьми

    You wrote - "The authors in the Ledbedev Institute bombarded the target with 25 kEV deuterium ions ..


    in their Helis setup. They have been doing such collision work for a decade or more.


    They believe in collision theory of nuclear reactions ... which is the traditional Russian theory. "Yes, traditionally both Russian physicists and non-Russian physicists have been ruling this way for almost 100 years ... But an" evil genius "appeared in our midst - Kanarev Philip Mikhailovich. He found mistakes in Niels Bohr in 1993 ...

    I created my own model of the hydrogen atom ... I, in turn, found Kanarev's mistake, which he admitted ... And today, the past ideas of physicists and Russia and the whole world and physicists of the Lebedev Institute have been destroyed - they misinterpreted their experiments ... And today many of them they misinterpret their experiments ... But other physicists also appear in their midst - they begin to accept our paradigm with Kanarev ... It is simpler and more intelligible - it is easy to understand ... It can be even more understood if we return to the origins of the Laws which was formed by Charles Coulomb. And we and you with horror discover THAT that Charles Coulomb slandered and perverted - in his Law together the concept of "mass of an electric fluid", which today should be understood as a mass of free electrons, "rogue physicists" put "an incomprehensible charge" - " e " or " q "... There is no" electrostatic charge "on either the proton or the electron! It's clear ???

    As soon as physicists realize that a magnetic field is formed between the cathode and the anode, thanks to free electrons that form their cluster between the cathode and the anode and "stand" there and generate light photons, which we perceive with our eyes as an "electric discharge", but do not perceive other photons - we simply do not see them - infrared photons that dominate there and which form the temperature in this region of space, and we also do not see "ultraviolet photons" - they are there by default, but there are less of them than light photons ... physicists will immediately begin to correctly interpret their experiments ... And all this happens due to the MAGNETIC PROPERTIES of free electrons ...

    What K. Czerski uses - "the potential energy W (r) between the colliding ions" - is an unconditional theoretical virus in physics ... This virus is used by millions of physicists, who, thus, lie to themselves and their "readers-physicists "... The sooner we remove from physics the" energy approach "imposed on us by the mathematicians of the 19th century, the faster physics will begin to search for" physical FORCES "and the search for a source of data generation" physical FORCES "and then physicists will begin to correctly understand their experiments and correctly will begin to interpret the results of their experiments!


    And now you may ask me - "Indeed, Mr. Cherepanov - where is the source of the" Newtonian force "generation?" I answer - the source of generation is inertial forces that rotate electrons and protons around their axis ... It is these forces that generate the magnetic field of both the proton and the electron, it is these forces that form this field, it is these forces that form the secondary magnetic field of both the proton and the electron .. Thus, these forces are responsible for the intrinsic magnetic moment of both the proton and the electron, and thanks to these forces, both the proton and the electron have their own magnetic poles ... Thanks to these forces, both the proton and the electron do not interact with each other as "billiard balls" - and they interact as "magnetic systems" ... Recalling the work of Charles Coulomb 230 years ago, we began to understand the following - "electric fluid" according to Charles Coulomb is now understood by us as the interaction of free electrons in the first place and in the background are the magnetic interactions of protons, and the "magnetic fluid" is, first of all, the magnetic interactions of protons and only then of bound and free electrons. Therefore, you should understand the following - when you press your finger on the keyboard button of your computer, a cascade of "lightning" events occurs through the re-emission of photons by electrons (electrons - free electrons that are in the cells of your body) and the "POWER of a finger" is formed, due to that inertial forces work endlessly on the proton and on the electron ... In this regard, forget about the notorious Law of conservation of energy - it is a theoretical virus in physics, and the main Law, thanks to which you press the button with your finger, is the Law of conservation of angular momentum! !!

    Quote from Cherepanov2020

    What K. Czerski uses - "the potential energy W (r) between the colliding ions" - is an unconditional theoretical virus in physics ...

    I suggest you spend 5 minutes with the SO(4) Hydrogen model that 10 digits exact reproduces the measured photon values! Even better: There are two model A classic projection and full SO(4). Both absolutely exact. So it should be easy to get inside! All magnetism based.

    Quote from Wyttenbach

    I suggest you spend 5 minutes with the SO(4) Hydrogen model that 10 digits exact reproduces the measured photon values! Even better: There are two model A classic projection and full SO(4). Both absolutely exact. So it should be easy to get inside! All magnetism based.

    Do I understand correctly - we are talking about sulfur and oxygen ...? Then take a look at a model of a sulfur molecule and an oxygen molecule, and then model an "electron-electronic" bond between the molecules - it is magnetic and an electron of one molecule interacts linearly with an electron of another molecule ...


    Very interesting,

    these expectations tend to say that Lenr reaction doesn't appear inside vacancies, grain boundaries or voids only at surface lattice first layer.

    Hydrogen should be trapped between 2 surfaces atoms which distord the electron path around nuclei .

    BTW this distorted electron path is going to increase next the screening effect, i understand.

    In fact it seems to be correlated with nkodama understanding.

    Взаимодействие с другими людьми

    Quote from Cydonia

    Very interesting,

    these expectations tend to say that Lenr reaction doesn't appear inside vacancies, grain boundaries or voids only at surface lattice first layer.

    Hydrogen should be trapped between 2 surfaces atoms which distord the electron path around nuclei .

    BTW this distorted electron path is going to increase next the screening effect, i understand.

    In fact it seems to be correlated with nkodama understanding.

    You must always take into account the following - the size of a proton in the paradigm of "physical chemistry of microworld Kanarev FM" ~ 10 ^ -15 meters, the size of an electron is about 1000 times larger - 10 ^ -12 meters, and the distance between them in a hydrogen atom is enormous compared to their size ~ 10 ^ -9 meters ... And why on earth is a proton so far "keeps" an electron from itself? The answer I have today is the mutual repulsion of the "secondary magnetic field" of the proton and the "secondary magnetic field" of the electron ... Both the proton and the electron "freely walk" in the intermolecular space, which is 1000 times larger than the size of a free electron, and in a million times the size of a proton.

    Absolutely you are right, there a big distance between nuclei to surrounding electrons however datas from several experiments tend to say that electrons help for Lenr reaction.

    Of course Lenr reactions are an anomaly for classic physic understanding, all together we have to propose another or complementary solutions to revolve this problem.

    Quote from Cherepanov2020

    Взаимодействие с другими людьми

    You must always take into account the following - the size of a proton in the paradigm of "physical chemistry of microworld Kanarev FM" ~ 10 ^ -15 meters, the size of an electron is about 1000 times larger - 10 ^ -12 meters, and the distance between them in a hydrogen atom is enormous compared to their size ~ 10 ^ -9 meters ... And why on earth is a proton so far "keeps" an electron from itself? The answer I have today is the mutual repulsion of the "secondary magnetic field" of the proton and the "secondary magnetic field" of the electron ... Both the proton and the electron "freely walk" in the intermolecular space, which is 1000 times larger than the size of a free electron, and in a million times the size of a proton.

    Quote from WJMFC

    Can you please write in English?

    For many non-native speakers, it is better to write clearly in your own language than to struggle and write in English. Google translate does a remarkably good job with technical and scientific text, and with patents. It is not as good with news stories, and no good with fiction or jokes.

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