Frank Gordon's "Lattice Energy Converter (LEC)"...replicators workshop

I noticed some interesting similarities between the radiation we are trying to mesure and... Tritium! After reading some document on this topic, I discovered that Tritium is very difficult to detect with conventional radiation detectors, since it emits a relatively low energy beta particle (something around 5 keV). Most detectors are not sensitive enough at such a low energy. Moreover the Tritium radiation, due to its low energy, is very easily blocked by whathever: few microns of skin, plastic or paper, or just by 6 mm of air. This is very similar to what Rout and Srinivasan described and what we have seen with the LEC.

Quote from Stevenson

Tritium!

H3+?

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2012.0088

Quote from RobertBryant

H3+?

https://royalsocietypublishing…df/10.1098/rsta.2012.0088

Hydronium - Wikipedia

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Quote from Alan Smith

Tritium from Hydrogen is not a straightforward fusion chain, there's a neutron problem. But it's an interesting suggestion.

Sure, it is not straightforward at all. However, considering some residual D and not the classical fusion paths, there is at least a positive energy outcome (based on the Parkhomov tables).

Quote from RobertBryant

H3+?

I didn't know this interesting story about H3. However, apart from the adsorbed hydrogen, it is the air that is ionised, so there should be more than H3+.

Quote from Paradigmnoia

Hydronium - Wikipedia

No acqueous environments involved and energies well exceeding the chemical ones. So, unlikely to be hydronium...

Quote from Curbina

I recall Rout et al used several blocking materials and only some of them worked, but one that did not work was 6 sheets of paper, so perhaps its Tritium and something more.

Tritium can permeate through (or "soak") paper, and it can emit its beta particles close to the other side (the film is fogged by the beta particles, not from Tritium itself). It cannot do the same thing with polyethylene sheets, even if much more thinner.

I'm just reasoning, it not a convinced hypothesis.

Quote from Curbina

Good to see you using the Parkhomov’s tables, are you using the tables directly or through the nanosoft web query?

I used the nanosoft site, even if I'm not so confident with the SQL query. I tryed just H and D, without involvin the lattice. The query was this one, showing also T as output, even if neutrinos are needed (if I'm correclty reading the result):
http://www.nanosoft.co.nz/resu…DrbByMeVDescLimit100.html

Quote from Alan Smith

Some good news. One of my friends just ran the Stevenson protocol twice.

Great news Alan! Ironically I completely missed it this morning by browsing the forum!

It is very good to have a confirmation that the experiment is so repeatable.

I hope we will have more details on the experiment and the plating process.

Quote from Alan Smith

Tritium from Hydrogen is not a straightforward fusion chain, there's a neutron problem. But it's an interesting suggestion.

neutron is not a fundamental particle, which can solve the neutron problem.

Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons

(PDF) Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons

PDF | Abstract:-Original nucleus model in the 1920s was internal electron theory that the atomic nucleus is constituted by protons and electrons, and... |…

doi.org

Quote from Gregory Byron Goble

Frank Gordon is closely affiliated with NASA LCF scientists...

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THis NASA LATTICE CONFINED FUSION is just the experiment to probe lattice confined Fusion.

because neutrin in Er-D can fusi with Er and transmute ER to stable element, meaning that the selection of ER is for this purpose.

ER +d is stable no generation of excess heat.

the real mechanism is the compression of Er-d to measure the excess heat.

so the compresion need to cause cold fusion based on the bon compression theory.

Quote from Stevenson

There are a number of X-ray technologies available, but probably a good part of them will not work with this radiation, because most of them have some kind of protective screen, that according to Rout and Srinivasan will block the radiation (if even a very thin layer of polyethilene can):

• dental films are usually enclosed in a plastic envelope, often containing a thin lead screen on one side and sometime the development chemicals on a separate compartment;
• digital sensors are covered by a plastic surface, moreover most of them are normal CCD/CMOS image sensors, so it would be more convenient to use a "naked" webcam sensor;
• phosphor plates (indirect radiography) may be a good chioce, but usually the sensitive surface is enclosed in a plastic cassette;
• plain x-ray films or even B/W photographic films may be the most effective choice, but experiments need to be carried out in complete darkness, and the entire development process need to be handled in place.

Apart from these reasons, films makes experiments very slow and "one-shot": there is no possibility to make interactive adjustments. You only know the result after the experiment has ended. Moreover Rout and Srinivasan highlight that they detected the radiation with the films only when some gases where present, so the sensitivization may be due to some indirect effect and not directly to the radiation.

Cnsodering all this, probably a naked webcam sensor worth a try: it is readily available, inexpensive and real-time. The Raspberry Pi image sensors for example are very good, since they have a high resolution (5 or 8 MP) and comes in an easy to handle (and to disassemble) package.

I know the difficulty in x-ray measurement, for LENR bacause it ts the surface reaction so the proper setting of spectrometer and detector is needed.

Now nes sensor is available so you can find in the website.

Quote from RobertBryant

Thanks Frank..

I am impressed by the thoroughness such as the application of the Thomsons'work.

Has anyone looked for 'fogging' as Rout experienced? as in the Reference provided?

"Each and every palladium sample loaded/reloaded either with hydrogen or deuterium was observed to fog radiographic films kept in its close proximity in air. Strangely, even with ten layers of black paper (thickness ≃63 mg/cm²) as a filter between film and sample, fogging was observed. On the other hand, no fogging could be observed even when thin beryllium foil (≃1.4 mg/cm²), three layers of transparent polyester foils (≃10 mg/cm²), or thin aluminizedpolycarbonate (0.3 mg/cm²) were employed as filters.

The "fogging" of the radiographic film through black paper is easily explained by the evolution of atomic hydrogen by the cathodes of palladium. Atomic hydrogen initiates the reduction of silver bromide grains better than photons.

Years ago, with John Giles, we have demonstrated that our palladium cathodes were producing atomic hydrogen:

https://www.researchgate.net/p…rium_by_palladium_cathode

In this article, we published the hydrogenation of benzoquinone into hydroquinone by a palladium cathode. Our goal was not to do chemistry, but to make paper that changes color on contact with atomic hydrogen. (or in contact with atomic palladium) Photographic paper is also sensible to atomic hydrogen. Photographic film is also sensible to mechanic pressure and ultrasons. The trace of a nail is clearly visible after chemical reduction.

Rayographs ...

Quote from fabrice DAVID

Photographic film is also sensible to mechanic pressure and ultrasons. The trace of a nail is clearly visible after chemical reduction.

They tested the sensitivity of films for a number of physical and chemical factors, and the result was negative. Also they applied an electric field in both directions, and the fogging was intesified in both cases (suggesting the presence of charged particles of both polarity). We know from LEC experiments that air (and other gases) get ionized, so probably there should be more than atomic hydrogen (that is a very probable emission though, expecially from Pd).

Two centuries ago, Nicéphore Niepce helped by Louis Daguerre invented the principle of "latent image" which is the basis of photography. Like Fleischmann and Pons, all their lives, Niepce, his brother and Daguerre tried to prove to the incredulous world the reality of their process. The first photographic images were taken under the Empire, in 1816, but Niepce and his brother died in poverty.

They also invented the first internal combustion engine, still under the reign of Napoleon the first. No one wanted to believe it, even though they had built a working prototype. Their engine, called "pyreolophore" propelled a boat. Even the English did not want to buy it to equip their warships. It was 150 years before ships gave up steam for diesel engines.

Their laboratory was located not far from where I live, on the Butte de Cormeilles which overlooks Paris. I see this hill when writing for you. Formerly, the Templars had dug a quarry there to extract gypsum. The city's high school bears the name of Louis Daguerre. Here is the statue of Daguerre in the grounds of the church. I photographed it in the last spring.

A beautiful statue of Daguerre has been erected in Washington, at the corner of 7th Street on Avenue C.

Photography did not take its industrial development until the 1840s. The world was not ready ...

But what is the principle of photography? Few remember it today, in the age of the digital image.

Photons of light or high energy particles create electron / hole pairs in silver iodide crystals. Crystals containing these metastable electron / hole pairs are more reactive than other crystals, and they react faster with the reducing agent. (Mercury vapor in the first Daguerreotype process, but atomic hydrogen also makes an excellent reducing agent.)

The pressure causes electric charges to appear by piezoelectric effect, and these charges create a latent image, which will be reduced by the developing agent (hydroquinone derivatives in the usual way, but vitamin C is also suitable)

The interaction between gelatin proteins and halide crystals is very important, and still poorly understood.

The factory that made gelatin for all the photographic film manufacturers in the world was in Saint-Denis, a blue collar town north of Paris where I was born. In summer, this factory spread a terrible smell in the city.

It was a cousin of Nicéphore Niepce, called Niepce de Saint-Victor, who discovered the action of radioactivity on photographic film. He published an article in the Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, (french PNAS) but his article was forgotten, because he was a photographer, and not a scientist, and it was Becquerel who rediscovered the radio-activity, many years after. (The word "radioactivity" was coined by Marie Curie)

I told you this story because the fate of Niepce is very similar to that of Martin Fleischmann.

But Nicephore Niepce was alone, and Fleischmann and Pons have disciples.