Frank Gordon's "Lattice Energy Converter (LEC)"...replicators workshop

    We record voltage and current, so we have IONS into our cells.



    So we have ionization of the gas.



    It is unlikely that it is energetic particles that produce this ionization, otherwise it would require considerable radioactivity. (Like pure polonium layer on the glass)



    Palladium cathodes can release hydrogen atoms. We demonstrated this with John Giles by making a special paper that changes color in the presence of atomic hydrogen / After loading with deuterium, a palladium cathode leaves its mark on the paper.


    F. David and J. Giles


    Possible Production of Atomic Deuterium By Palladium Cathode


    Materials Research Innovations 2008, VOL 12, NO 4 172



    But these atomic hydrogen atoms, while very reactive, are not charged. And this is a chemical reaction, it does not last long.



    But Frank Gordon observes voltage and current for several weeks.



    Subject to verification, it is possible that we have a photochemical (or "nucleochemical") reaction ON THE SURFACE of the palladium: the energy of nuclear origin released in the palladium undergoes a down-conversion, and on contact with palladium we would have the following reaction:



    H ° (adsorbed) à H+ (gaseous) + e-


    And : H2 (adsorbed) à H2+ (gaseous) + e-



    Palladium therefore takes a negative charge, and the metal electrode located in front therefore takes a positive charge when the positive H+ and H2+ ions (and the H3+ ions) are neutralized on the opposite metal electrode with the reverse reaction.




    This reaction would provide a convenient way to convert the energy released by LENRs into electricity.

    Much of recent discussion about LEC theory depends on production of anions and cations in the gas. If there is a radiation source, the anions and cations would result from the ionization trails. The hope for many forum members is that some other radiation than those current known is the source of these ions. The paper by Rous et al shows this might be the case. If "strange" radiation then LENR happens and LEC could be the work horse for LENR experiments.


    The LEC voltages parallel voltage expectations where water replaces the gas. It is easy to be discouraged that a small amount of water clings to across the electrodes and therefore LEC voltage though to be due to radiation is due to an electrolyte. So, forum member have encouraged experimenters to try to go to drier electrodes. Unfortunately, the active factor for voltage seems to have a short life. Further, there are concerns that the more efficiently one removes the water after plating, the lower the voltage.


    Perhaps the active factor is something that stabilizes ions in the gas phase. Particular, if one had a gaseous form of water (not steam not condensable to water vapor) that could stabilize ions. There is a patent that claims of such a form of water. Although they don't claim it to make an electrolyte of air or hydrogen.


    U.S. Patent 10,259,712, entitled “Method of Stabilizing Compounds in Water, Water Compositions Thereby, and Articles Containing Said Water Compositions”, filed by Robinson B. Gourley, Sarasota, FL., patent published in the federal Patents Gazette on April 16, 2019


    I believe this other form of water can be expected from electrolysis. It is not unreasonable that it is the active factor in a LEC. If so then plating would be unnecessary for an LEC. Just have two electrode that can be oxidized and reduced respectively and add this new form of water as a gaseous electrolyte. Just saying it would be a try.


    I am of the opinion that this new form of water originates because of nuclear reactions (based on mass and energy balances on "AquaFuel"). Therefore LENR in metal may produce this new form of water from water's standard form. LENR with a LEC would not be dead if this experiment were true. It would just speed up examination of materials that produce nuclear active environments and speed the progress to a more unified understanding of nuclear reactions of LENR.


    I respectfully suggest this twist in the plot is worth a look see.

    Drgenek, usually no water at all is involved in the LEC during its operation. I dryed very carefully the WE before inserting spacers (that were dry and hydrofobic) and putting it into the CE. As far as I know Alan and Matt did the same, and Frank even dryied the WE (the Pd plated one) in an oven and also tested the device at -55°C, where no liquid water or humidity are present for sure. The possibility of moisture in electrodes and spacers is however a pitfall that has to be considered by every experimenter.

    The obtained voltage is not related to the amount of water and/or humidity, it is somewhat dependent on the involved metals and on the state of the internal gas.

    Quote from Stevenson

    The obtained voltage is not related to the amount of water and/or humidity, it is somewhat dependent on the involved metals and on the state of the internal gas.

    I could not agree more. The metals likely provide half cell redox potentials. The states of the internal gas are likely chemical states. Mostly likely these are super magnetic states of molecules. Some of the atoms involved are capable of magnet to magnet bonding. If there is a nuclear active site, then oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen can be activated to super magnetic states. I have proven this by mass balance and stoichiometric from the data of Santilli's intermediate fusion patent application. I understand you may be offended by such a strong statement and may have a dislike of claims of magnetic based chemistry. I did not meant to imply that water had to be involved. I suspect any form of gas with magnetic based bonds will do.


    When gas is produced by electrolysis, likely super magnetic gas is produced also. The dried gas from electrolysis will likely accomplish the same effect as electroplating does in metal arranged to measure LEC. Such an experiment moves away from the mess of electroplating and focuses on gas phase where the effect resides.

    Quote from Drgenek

    I understand you may be offended by such a strong statement and may have a dislike of claims of magnetic based chemistry.

    Don't worry, I don't care at all about theoretical views at this time: my opinion is that we simply don't have enough experimental data to solve the puzzle, so all hypothesis are admitted.


    Quote from Drgenek

    The dried gas from electrolysis will likely accomplish the same effect as electroplating does in metal arranged to measure LEC. Such an experiment moves away from the mess of electroplating and focuses on gas phase where the effect resides.

    This is what I like after any theoretical hypothesis: the possibility of proving or disproving it experimentally!

    This is not difficult to test and it would be very relevant if true. Maybe i will try it in the next days.

    I discussed 'next steps' with Biberian. We agreed that a very simple test is critical proof. We have not had time to do this yet - the test is to take a working LEC from air, to full vacuum, and then back inyo a hydrogen atmosphere. A good result would be - some voltage in air, no voltage in vacum, a higher voltage in hydrogen.

    Perhaps of use...

    The COMSOL® Software Product Suite
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    The platform product can be used on its own or expanded with functionality from any combination of add-on modules for simulating electromagnetics, structural mechanics, acoustics, fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical engineering. The add-on modules and LiveLink™ products connect seamlessly for a modeling workflow that remains the same regardless of what you are modeling.

    Quote from Alan Smith

    the test is to take a working LEC from air, to full vacuum, and then back inyo a hydrogen atmosphere. A good result would be - some voltage in air, no voltage in vacum, a higher voltage in hydrogen.

    That does sound like a good test. Based on cold fusion experiments, I think you should hold it in each condition for a day or so. I do not know if this has anything to do with cold fusion, but if it does, it may take a while for the effect to go away in a full vacuum.

    Is this related to the LEC? I wonder. Thoughts, ladies and gentlemen?


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    Quote from nickec

    Is this related to the LEC? I wonder. Thoughts, ladies and gentlemen?


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    YES I think that IT IS LEC.schematics of tool configuration upper electrode(Pd) and insulator and base electrode is Nickel.

    There must be fuel D2O D2 gas etc.


    Thanks for your helpful help Gregory Byron Goble !

    As I said at Assisi 3 LEC papers were presented, one from Alan Smith another from @ jean-paul biberian and the last one from fabrice DAVID.


    So I suggest paying them for this interesting software.


    As you well know my friend, new softwares, even if user-friendly, will require a few hours of training.

    However I'm sure you'll take that into account as well.

    Thank you for your invaluable help in helping them :thumbup:

    Quote from Gregory Byron Goble

    Perhaps of use...

    https://www.comsol.com/products

    COMSOL Multiphysics® is a general-purpose simulation software for modeling designs, devices, and processes in all fields of engineering, manufacturing, and scientific research. In addition to using multiphysics modeling for your own projects, you can also turn your models into simulation applications and digital twins for use by other design teams, manufacturing departments, test labs, customers, and more.

    The platform product can be used on its own or expanded with functionality from any combination of add-on modules for simulating electromagnetics, structural mechanics, acoustics, fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical engineering. The add-on modules and LiveLink™ products connect seamlessly for a modeling workflow that remains the same regardless of what you are modeling.

    nickec if you had followed my former words, casimir's force could be involved, that is what you are proposing as a solution with the ZPE.

    I repeat " could" :)

    Quote from nickec

    Is this related to the LEC? I wonder. Thoughts, ladies and gentlemen?


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    Quote from nickec

    Is this related to the LEC? I wonder. Thoughts, ladies and gentlemen?

    At time 36:05 the work of Daniel Sheehan on epicatalysis is mentioned.
    It's worth looking at the principle he advertises as this might also be related to LEC, although Daniel's claimed effect is primarily a thermal effect.
    Daniel explains his thoughts in this YouTube video, although it's lengthy.

    Also described in this granted patent and publications by Daniel Sheehan on ResearchGate.

    The ISCMNS workshop was held from 29 August through 1 September in Assisi, Italy. The program is posted in this link:

    Copyright ISCMNS 2021


    Video of all of the sessions are available at:

    iwahlm14 2021 08 30 08 33 45 000
    01:55 Claudio Pace Welcome 03:15 W. Collis Opening Address 17:07 N. Targosz-Sleczka 'Enhanced reaction rates for proton induced reactions on natural Li isot...
    www.youtube.com


    Jean-Paul Biberian’s presentation starts at about 34 minutes into session 2 followed by Fabrice David’s presentation that starts at about 54 minutes in this session 2 link

    iwahlm14 2021 08 30 10 45 12 000
    00:04 M. Kaczmarski 'Latest accelerator-driven experiments on deuteron fusion reactions in Zr at low energies' 35:30 J. Biberian 'Direct electrical power ge...
    www.youtube.com


    Alan Smith and Matt Lilly’s presentation starts at about the 1 hour, 8 minute mark in session 3 link

    - YouTube