Has Holmlid/Norront presented any idea for capturing the energy from the annihilation-like process?
Here there’s a preliminary and speculative assessment.
Ultra-dense hydrogen and Rydberg matter—a more informal general discussion thread
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Has Holmlid/Norront presented any idea for capturing the energy from the annihilation-like process?
Besides the relativistic drive from annihilation reactions as a possible application, not yet. It has been suggested that an annihilation reactor is "under construction", although no further details have been provided: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.212
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Morning all, i didn't followed all things about Holmlid, so i would like to know the level of XSH he reached ?
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Well, i have no doubt about the veracity of his XSH and the seriousness and quality of his work.
However, I find this makes a lot of noise if you consider, in parallel, for example, the former and first results from Piantelli, more than 20 years ago already.
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UDD/UDH holds in fact 3 potential forms of energy production.
I tried to summarize this in a simplified flow chart (subject for improvements):
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Regarding the annihilation energy and trying to capture it – what would happen if you submerge the whole shebang in a large pool of light water, using the water to capture energy as heat while slowing down the (sub-)particles?
Big enough pool would absorb the energy and thus increase the temperature of the water. Heat pumps could harvest the heat.
I am not sure whether concrete slows down these high energy sub-particles better than light water, but let's assume it does. In that case it would be more efficient to have a first shell of concrete that in turn would be embedded in light water.
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Thanks, the reason I am asking is that Holmlid/Norront seem to focus on muon-induced fusion in their papers and on their website (MK1) and suggest that capturing energy from the annihilation-like process requires many more years of R&D.
But if we take their statements at face value, for example
"The efficiency from mass (of two baryons) to useful energy is 46% (contrary to 0.3% for T + D fusion)""Neutrons are not formed or ejected so this is an aneutronic process"
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/…921004080?via%3Dihub#bib1
...it sounds like a crude, ineffecient, low-tech energy capturing method like a light-water bath could be good enough... -
I still think that any advanced method for harvesting the energy of the mesons generated will probably also use at the same time the properties of the ultra-dense hydrogen material produced. For example, it could be possible to have them reflect off multiple times from superfluid layers of UDH in order to absorb their energy with materials along their path that do not support a layer of UDH. The construction could be very compact.
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I still think that any advanced method for harvesting the energy of the mesons generated will probably also use at the same time the properties of the ultra-dense hydrogen material produced. For example, it could be possible to have them reflect off multiple times from superfluid layers of UDH in order to absorb their energy with materials along their path that do not support a layer of UDH. The construction could be very compact.
Can you motivate your choice to have a polymer-coated collector?
Is this because this may act as scintillator and thus also may generate light, as the stars in your figure suggest to indicate? -
...it sounds like a crude, ineffecient, low-tech energy capturing method like a light-water bath could be good enough...
Problem is that low-grade heat is less useful than you might imagine. High pressure steam however would be of great interest.
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Besides mesons that reflect off a superfluid UHD layer, other high energy lighter sub-particles will result from decay of mesons. Do you know whether it is known these lighter sub-particles also will reflect off superfluid UDH?
I would guess that only negative or positive charged sub-particles would bounce off superfluid UDH due to counter EMF (Meissner effect).
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Thanks! This confirms my thoughts that only charged sub-particles bounce off due to the Meissner effect.
Consequently, neutral sub-particles will probably escape and not be harvested this way. Or, absorbed by the superfluid UDH layer.
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It's not clear. Neutrons have been suggested to have a very short mean free path through UDH (specifically, UDD), but I haven't tried calculating the range of energetic (~100 MeV) neutral kaons—which may also be generated in the annihilation reactions—through such dense layers.
From https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.116 (paywalled):
EDIT: I would say that in the same way that high-energy neutrons bounce off nuclei of ordinary atoms, energetic neutral kaons should still bounce off the protons or deuterons composing UDH.
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Another sub-topic after some reflections: UDD-catalyzed lattice confined fusion.
LENR occurring by Deuterium in metal lattices as reported by e.g. NASA and Iwamura seem to have a Deuteron density as high as 1023 atoms per cm3. Theoretically, the interatomic distances are approximately 3 x 10-8 cm, which is far larger than the theoretical distance required to fuse: 10-13 cm (Coulomb barrier). As a consequence, there should be additional methods to establish fusion in such lattices.
NASA resolved this by bombarding such lattice with high energy EM radiation (2.9-MeV high-energy photons) causing chains of reactions within the lattice. Remains the question how excess heat is caused reported by the dozens of reported LENR experiments/methods that do not have such heavy trigger methods included.
One option fusion and/or transmutations is happening anyway is that UDD is unintended (and unawarely) formed by the presence of suitable catalysts, starting at the surfaces of these metal lattices which in turn is triggered and decomposed into sub particles that have high enough energy to cause a similar inter-lattice effects as NASA describes. The UDD trigger could be simple like increased temperatures to e.g. a few hundreds degrees C (examples: Mizuno R20, Iwamura). In such case UDD is supportive to lattice confined fusion/transmutation and not the main excess heat production source.
