ICCF23 open discussion

    Abstract


    Previously, it has been reported that nuclear transmutation reactions are accelerated when radioactive elements are subjected to low-level electric fields during electrolysis of aqueous electrolytes. Our research investigated the codeposition of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} and H on Ni cathodes, using an acidic electrolyte and a Pt anode. Then, the radiation emitted by the electroplated U{sub 3}O{sub 8} was compared with radiation emitted by unelectrolyzed U{sub 3}O{sub 8} from the same batch. The electroplated U{sub 3}O{sub 8} initially produced {approx}2900 counts in 3 min (April 17, 2000). This rose sporadically in steps to {approx} 3700 counts in 3 min on May 11, 2000, and it remained relatively constant at this level until the GM measurements ended on June 8, 2000. The unelectrolyzed U{sub 3}O{sub 8} from the same batch emitted radiation at a much lower rate, {approx}1250 counts in 3 min, and this remained almost constant over the entire period of measurement. After the GM measurements, a gamma-ray spectrometer was used to measure radiation from the same two, 10-mg electroplated and unelectrolyzed U{sub 3}O{sub 8} samples. The net integral of the same 36 peaks for the same measurement time (25 h) gave 53 000 counts for the electroplated sample, 1.7 times as many as the 31 000 counts for the unelectrolyzed sample. Alpha and beta measurements are under way for both samples. Figure 2 shows a scanning electron microscope micrograph of a typical surface structure of uranium electroplated on a nickel cathode. The donut-like features appear to be the result of microscopic surface eruptions that produced voids surrounded by raised circular rims. Figure 3 shows an energy dispersive spectrometer spectrum from electroplated U{sub 3}O{sub 8} on a nickel cathode. In addition to oxygen and uranium, cesium, iron, and nickel are present. A peak at 16.36 keV, which overlaps with a uranium peak at 16.44 keV, is tentatively labeled as fermium. Mass spectrometer and X-ray diffraction studies are also underway.


    Conference: 2000 International Conference on Nuclear Science and Technology: Supporting Sustainable Development Worldwide (2000 ANS Winter Meeting), Washington, DC (US), 11/12/2000--11/16/2000; Other Information: Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, Volume 83; PBD: 12 Nov 2000

    Quote from rubycarat

    Carl Page said in the video played at the meeting that next summer ICCF24 will be in "Silicon Valley and the world", "the world" part meaning that they will broadcast live in a similar fashion

    Great location.... but I hope that one day to see ICCF XX at the shores of the beautiful scenary of Lake of Constance in the middle of Austria, Germany and Switzerland, maybe even on a ship.

    • Official Post
    Quote from JedRothwell

    They said future conferences will be "hybrid," meaning some people will attend in person, while others attend via Zoom.


    I expect Zoom will improve. It is awkward in some ways. It is okay for casual use, but I think it could be improved for large meetings....

    I've seen same problems at RNBE (Cisco Webex is maybe better quality, but less intuitive).

    Hybrid for me is the future.


    Making a good show is a job, if you present something remotely, you must have the good hardware, software, tuning... It is not the usual job of a scientist, even if some at least know the basics of TedX video by instinct and experience.

    It should become a job, to build and tune the "home studio", like what youtubers have... I tortured for a few months my colleagues with a Bluetooth helmet , until I finally found a professional DECT helmet...

    For me a special kind of hybrid could be a hierarchically hybrid... people meeting not far from home, in a well-designed studio, conference room, with all needed, from good camera, good mikes, good broadband network, ready to use computers, careful and competent staff, good coffee and why not individual helmets or remote translators. It could be proposed by bars, restaurants, and it is not so expensive... it requires experience to buy the good hardware/software, but all can be affordable...

    Some presenter and participant still at home, with a dedicated staff bringing them all needed, including carefulness and competence.

    Of course, it would be better to be in the same room in the same city, but it's exhausting, expensive, and sometime impossible. ICCF could be organized with "remote-office" if few cities? Organized by local LENR societies...


    Remote meetings could be more casual, more frequent, for people who know well each other (I practice it at work, existing teams work well remotely, new teal, it is harder). Let's say, that RNBE attendant met every 3 month, for few presentations and long chat... But meeting, if only to share a beer and chat unproductively, is important for efficient teams.


    One fantastic things with remote is the ability to include more people, people with no budgets, with logistics limitations.


    Another is asynchronicity. People who did not attend ICCF23, would be able to ask questions to a presenter, later, but with more details... or ask peers their opinion...


    World is changing...


    Thanks to the past and future organizers.

    • Official Post
    Quote from Ahlfors

    T.N.Claytor, D.G.Tuggle, and H.O.Menlove [1991, Los Alamos]


    Tritium from pressed palladium powder

    Great finding.

    I've found a better print on lenr-canr.org

    https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ClaytorTNtritiumgen.pdf


    Quote

    The palladium powder was obtained from Englehard and formed by precipitation from an aqueous solution
    of Pd(NH3)4Cl2 using reagent quality chemicals. This process results in an powder composed of small (0.3 to 0.5 µm) spheres that form chains or agglomerates up to 30 µm in dia. The raw material was said to be virgin sponge obtained from a South African mine. The major impurities in the palladium are oxygen (980 ppm) Chlorine (80 ppm), Nitrogen (65 ppm) and Carbon (47 ppm), all other major impurities are (each) under 35 ppm by weight. A total of 512.7 g of palladium powder has been used in the experiments described in this paper, of that amount, 87.3 g was used in various control experiments to test for tritium contamination. Palladium powder was not reused in experiments once it had been removed from a cell. A total of 43.2 g of palladium foil from Johnson and Matthey was used in the foil cells; 0.44 g of this foil was checked for tritium contamination by dissolution7 . The 220 micron thick foils were laser cut and then annealed at 850 C for 2 hours at 10-6 torr. After the dehydride, the foil was reannealed at 850 C and reused. These foils have been hydrided, dehydrided and annealed seven times and show
    neither a monotonic decrease or increase in tritium production.

    ...

    In some cells, Sb doped silicon wafers (0.01 ohm-cm in resistivity by 0.5 mm thick disks, 3.07 cm dia.)
    obtained from Monsanto were used. Between the silicon wafers would be placed the 220 µm thick palladium foil. Because of surface roughness, the plates would only touch over a small fraction of their surface area. Four types of cells have been made: those with palladium powder and silicon powder, those with palladium foil and silicon powder, those with palladium foil and silicon wafers and one with palladium foil and silicon powder. A typical cell, made with powders, might contain 12 to 21 grams of palladium in eight layers (one to two grams per layer) and 6 to 8 grams of silicon distributed between seven layers. Silicon layers are typically 0.76 to 2.15 mm thick by 3.17 cm in dia. while the palladium layers vary from 1.16 to 0.48 mm thick by 3.05 cm in dia. for different type cells. The palladium powder was pressed (11.2 MPa, 2000 psi) into disk form and then oxidized, in air, at 350 C for 2 hours (weight gain of 0.37%). Layers of alternating palladium disks and silicon powder were then pressed into a ceramic form at a pressure of 11.2 MPa resulting in densities of 26% and 68% of theoretical density for the palladium and silicon respectively.

    Not exactly as Edmund Storms explains, but not far...


    What is the initial de-annealing at 850°C/10^-6Torr? looks like the 900-1000°C in vacuum indicated by Edmund Storms.

    Oxidation in air at 350°C is not far from the baking above 400°C indicated by Edmund Storms

    Density is 26% instead of 50%...


    The structure is different, as it was electrolysis, and with various configuration of "sandwich" including silicon... I don't understand the details on that point...

    Neither I understand the hydrogenation phase...

    "Cooking" palladium sponge with oxide


    It has been surprisingly discovered that when a palladium

    sponge is introduced into a water medium including a

    volume of heavy water, hydrogen and oxygen evolution takes

    place from the water medium.


    The process takes place at room temperature and

    atmospheric pressure, by simply introducing the palladium

    sponge within the heavy water containing water medium. It

    has been observed that evolution of hydrogen, oxygen and

    helium as well as gamma radiation start within 3-4 minutes

    from the introduction in the water medium of the palladium

    sponge. On a background of 3-4 impulses in an hour, the

    gamma radiation reaches 1800-2300 impulses.


    A conventional twin-beamed ion implanter is used with the

    following raw materials:

    Pd: purity 99.95%

    PdO: palladium-oxide-salt

    Argon: argon gas, purity 99.99%

    Pd: powder with grain size of from about 1 to about

    1.05 micron.

    An amount of 0.4 up to 0.6 e.g. of palladium powder is

    introduced in the target chamber of the ion implanter.

    4g PdO and 4 cm3 argon gas are introduced in the sputter

    ion source of the ion implanter; the Ar gas is not an

    obstruction on the Pd+ way.

    Implantation is carried out consequently with Pd+

    (palladium cation) and argon gas. The energy accompanying

    the implantation is 150-200 KeV; dose 5.10 sup17 _2.5.10 sup18.

    Implantation temperature: SOO-600°C.

    Annealing: 11S0-1410°C.

    Annealing duration: 0.5 up to 6 hours.

    Cold fusion at war / depleted Uranium rounds precursor


    https://astamuse.com/ja/published/JP/No/1997287892


    JP1997287892 - PROJECTILE CONTAINING POWDER OR POWDER AND REACTIVE SUBSTANCE


    PURPOSE: To synergistically increase the amount of energy that a projectile to be used for a device that accelerates an object at a high speed is able to hold, by containing powder or powder and reactive substance in the projectile.


    CONSTITUTION: A projectile to be used for a device that accelerates an object at a high speed contains powder or powder and reactive substance. Plastic with a diameter of 13mm and a length of 8mm is used as the projectile, 200 mesh palladium powder is used as the powder, and deuterium gas is charged in the palladium powder as a reactive substance, for example. When the projectile having a total weight of 1.4g is accelerated to 6.0km/s by the magnetic acceleration of a rail gun with a condenser bank of 400k Joule and collides with a stainless steel plate having a thickness of 15mm, it penetrates through the stainless steel plate with a hole with a diameter of about 3mm left. Thus, the application of kinetic energy and magnetic energy can produce excellent effective kinetic energy, thermal energy and nuclear energy.



    [Detailed description of the invention]


    [001]

    [Explanation of Projectile] In the present invention, a conventional single substance can be obtained by including powder or powder and a reactive substance in a projectile used in a high-speed accelerator such as a railgun (electromagnetic accelerator) and a gas gun. Formed a projectile with unsatisfactory energy. Conventionally, as this projectile, an insulating material such as plastic and a single material such as metal have been used. However, light insulators such as plastic have the disadvantage of low mass density and large overall dimensions, and metal projectiles have the problem that internal pressure escapes due to the expansion of the acceleration path when the projectile passes, and electromagnetic accelerators have. There is a loss due to eddy currents.

    [002]

    [Advantages of the present invention] A projectile using the powder of the present invention has a shape substantially the same as that of a conventional projectile made of a single material, and contains a relatively heavy powder inside. By using the projectile of the present invention, it is possible to synergistically increase the energy that the projectile can have while increasing the weight density and removing the drawbacks of the conventional projectile of plastic or metal alone. (Claim 1)

    Furthermore, it was found that a greater synergistic effect can be obtained by including the reactive substance in the projectile containing the powder. (Claim 2)

    The structure of this projectile is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

    [003]

    [Effect of the present invention] An experimental example of the effect of a destructive force in a collision with an object using the present projectile is shown. A plastic having a diameter of 13 mm and a length of 8 mm was used as the projectile (referred to as A) according to the present invention, 200 mesh of palladium was used as the powder, and deuterium gas was filled as the reactive substance. The total weight was 1.4 g, and when it was accelerated to 6.0 km / s by electromagnetic acceleration with a railgun using a 400 kilojoule capacitor bank and collided with a 15 mm thick stainless steel plate, a hole with a diameter of about 3 mm was drilled and penetrated. (Fig. 3). On the other hand, when a projectile (called B) of almost the same weight made of only plastic used for comparison was accelerated to the same 6 km / s and collided with the same 15 mm thick stainless steel, a dent with a depth of about 6 mm was formed. It only occurred (Fig. 4). Due to the difference in destructive force between projectiles A and B shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the projectile according to the present invention can bring excellent effective kinetic energy, thermal energy and nuclear energy by applying kinetic energy and electromagnetic energy. Understand.

    [Simple explanation of drawings]

    FIG. 1 is a projectile in which powder and a reactive gas are contained in the entire projectile of a conventional single substance.

    FIG. 2 is a projectile in which a powder and a reactive gas are contained in a conventional projectile portion of a single substance.

    FIG. 3 is an example showing the destructive force of an object by the projectile of the present invention.

    FIG. 4 is an example of the destructive force of a conventional single substance (plastic in this case) projectile.



    [Claims]


    A projectile that contains powder or powder and a reactive substance in a projectile used in a device that accelerates an object at high speed.

    1. A projectile containing powder.

    2. A projectile obtained by further adding a reactive substance to powder.

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