One might prove a connection between LEC and heat after death. If plating of metal for LEC or applying transient cavitation bubbles to a piece of metal, then using them in LEC both produced currents. A sonic treatment rather than plating could be a savings of time and perhaps energy. It might even prove over unity quicker, since one could account of the energy needed to treat the metal in comparison to the current output of the LEC.

One might prove a connection between LEC and after heat by looking for after heat in the metal from an experiment run like B. J. Huang"s.

Interesting series of videos posted by the MFMP on a visit to bjhuang ’s laboratory. I am positively impressed by the scale of the operation. Of special interest to me is the claim that water coming out of the reactor is measurably different in density (up to 3%), I am really intrigued to know if analysis of the electric conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids has been performed, considering that the water that goes in the reactor is De Ionized.

Useful paper:

Flow-induced failure mechanisms of copper pipe in potable water systems.

Quote

Abstract: Erosion or velocity-induced copper pipe corrosion is a significant problem in potable water systems, especially hot water recirculation systems. The little scientific work done in freshwater has not always been able to scientifically isolate the key factors causing these failures; in fact, most existing recommendations rely on anecdotal and/or experiential knowledge from forensic analysis of field failures, which are not confirmed by complementary laboratory research. Consequently, this comprehensive review summarizes prior observations that include mechanical and electrochemical attack induced by water chemistry, temperature, velocity, hydrodynamic conditions, presence of particulate matter, and other variables thought to influence/exacerbate erosion corrosion. Distinct phenomena thought to contribute to erosion corrosion or “flow-induced failure”, including concentration cell corrosion, cavitation, particle/bubble impingement, and high velocity impingement, are explored in detail along with conventional erosion corrosion testing methods. Existing recommendations to prevent erosion corrosion in copper pipes are evaluated and inconsistencies in available guidelines are examined

Quote from Curbina

Interesting series of videos posted by the MFMP on a visit to bjhuang ’s laboratory. I am positively impressed by the scale of the operation. Of special interest to me is the claim that water coming out of the reactor is measurably different in density (up to 3%), I am really intrigued to know if analysis of the electric conductivity, pH and total dissolved solids has been performed, considering that the water that goes in the reactor is De Ionized.

BG has a new video out. At 8:20 he announces a paper he co-authored with Huang was peer reviewed, and will be published by the major journal Nature Scientific Report's. Congratulations go to MFMP, and BJ Huang.

End of year surprise announcement (youtube.com)

Quote from Shane D.

BG has a new video out. At 8:20 he announces a paper he co-authored with Huang was peer reviewed, and will be published by the major journal Nature Scientific Report's. Congratulations go to MFMP, and BJ Huang.

End of year surprise announcement (youtube.com)

That is great! I was wondering what was the new announcement but had not watched it yet.

Mark Leclair, and his company "Nanospire" long ago distanced themselves from LENR for, IMO, business reasons, but their story still intrigues me. Much more to he, and his partner Serge's story than this, if interested:

Mark LeClair -- Nanospire cavitation jet machining, transmutation, crystalline water (rexresearch.com)

A commercial opportunity has developed for LENR in the production of neon gas for chip manufacturing. The $20 billion US chip manufacturing initiative could be short-circuited by the lack of neon supply. LENR transmutation from B-J. Huang et al equipment could provide pure neon for the new US chip lasers as well as show that transmutation from the LENR reaction is a strategic national technology industrial imperative. It is high time for the US to initiate a crash program to develop a LENR industrial base as a critical US governmental development priority.

Exclusive: Russia's attack on Ukraine halts half of world's neon output for chips

WASHINGTON, March 11 (Reuters) - Ukraine's two leading suppliers of neon, which produce about half the world's supply of the key ingredient for making chips, have halted their operations as Moscow has sharpened its attack on the country, threatening to raise prices and aggravate the semiconductor shortage.

Some 45% to 54% of the world's semiconductor-grade neon, critical for the lasers used to make chips, comes from two Ukrainian companies, Ingas and Cryoin, according to Reuters calculations based on figures from the companies and market research firm Techcet. Global neon consumption for chip production reached about 540 metric tons last year, Techcet estimates.

Both firms have shuttered their operations, according to company representatives contacted by Reuters, as Russian troops have escalated their attacks on cities throughout Ukraine, killing civilians and destroying key infrastructure.

The stoppage casts a cloud over the worldwide output of chips, already in short supply after the coronavirus pandemic drove up demand for cellphones, laptops and later cars, forcing some firms to scale back production.

While estimates vary widely about the amount of neon stocks chipmakers keep on hand, production could take a hit if the conflict drags on, according to Angelo Zino, an analyst at CFRA.

"If stockpiles are depleted by April and chipmakers don't have orders locked up in other regions of the world, it likely means further constraints for the broader supply chain and inability to manufacture the end-product for many key customers," he said.

Before the invasion, Ingas produced 15,000 to 20,000 cubic meters of neon per month for customers in Taiwan, Korea, China, the United States and Germany, with about 75% going to the chip industry, Nikolay Avdzhy, the company's chief commercial officer, said in an email to Reuters.

The company is based in Mariupol, which has been under siege by Russian forces. On Wednesday, Russian forces destroyed a maternity hospital there, in what Kyiv and Western allies called a war crime. Moscow said the hospital was no longer functioning and had been occupied by Ukrainian fighters.

"Civilians are suffering," Avdzhy said by email last Friday, noting that the company's marketing officer could not respond because he had no internet or phone access.

Cryoin, which produced roughly 10,000 to 15,000 cubic meters of neon per month, and is located in Odessa, halted operations on Feb. 24 when the invasion began to keep employees safe, according to business development director Larissa Bondarenko.

Bondarenko said the company would be unable to fill orders for 13,000 cubic meter of neon in March unless the violence stopped. She said the company could weather at least three months with the plant closed, but warned that if equipment were damaged, that would prove a bigger drag on company finances and make it harder to restart operations quickly.

She also said she was unsure the company could access additional raw materials for purifying neon.

The Economy Ministry of Taiwan,home to the world's largest contract chip maker TSMC, said that Taiwanese firms had already made advanced preparations and had "safety stocks" of neon, so it did not see any supply chain problems in the near term. The statement to Reuters echoed similar remarks from Taiwan's central bank earlier on Friday.

But smaller chipmakers may be harder hit, according to Lita Shon-Roy, president of Techcet.

"The largest chip fabricators, like Intel, Samsung and TSMC, have greater buying power and access to inventories that may cover them for longer periods of time, two months or more," she said. "However, many other chip fabs do not have this kind of buffer," she added, noting that rumors of companies trying to build up inventory have begun to circulate. "This will compound the issue of supply availability.”

Ukrainian neon is a byproduct of Russian steel manufacturing. The gas, which is also used in laser eye surgery, is produced in China as well, but Chinese prices are rising steadily.

Bondarenko says prices, already under pressure after the pandemic, had climbed by up to 500% from December. According to a Chinese media report that cited Chinese commodity market information provider biiinfo.com, the price of neon gas (99.9% content) in China has quadrupled from 400 yuan/cubic meter in October last year to more than 1,600 yuan/cubic meter in late February.

Neon prices rose 600% in the run-up to Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimean peninsula from Ukraine, according to the U.S. International Trade Commission.

Companies elsewhere could initiate neon production but it would take nine months to two years to ramp up, according to Richard Barnett, chief marketing officer of Supply frame, which provides market intelligence to companies across the global electronics sectors.

But CFRA's Angelo Zino noted that companies may be unwilling to invest in that process if the supply crunch is seen as temporary.

Quote from Shane D.

Mark Leclair, and his company "Nanospire" long ago distanced themselves from LENR for, IMO, business reasons, but their story still intrigues me. Much more to he, and his partner Serge's story than this, if interested:

Mark LeClair -- Nanospire cavitation jet machining, transmutation, crystalline water (rexresearch.com)

Do you remember this post;

Post

RE: New Sonofusion Patent Application

[…]


This partnership has nothing to do with LENR.

As was done with Nanospire, the US government strongly discourages any technology that can produce unregulated neutron production as was deminstated by the nanospire LENR reaction. That reaction was more hot fusion than LENR.

axil

Sep 3rd 2017

I think we have to take a moment to really appreciate and let sink in the relevance of the production of highly O17 enriched water. That is the least abundant Oxygen isotope. The sample of 250 milligrams of 70% H2O¹⁷ sells for around USD 1500 (Medical Isotopes Inc.). Producing O17 enriched water at will is a major proof of LENR happening in bjhuang ’s cavitation system. There’s no way around it. This is massive proof. This is a tantalizing realization!

Given 3% heavier water (see post #84 above), a liter of that water would have 25.55 gms of H2O¹⁷.

The yield of bomb on Hiroshima was 15 kilotons of TNT.

Synthesis of 25.55 gms of H2O¹⁷ from H2O¹⁶ would yield energy equal to 0.402 kilotons of TNT (assuming perfect yield of energy from the mass loss).

If the energy yield was only about 4/10,000 of perfect (yield seen for Santilli's intermediate fusion patent application) then one expects 1.61 x 10⁵ kcal.

Will B. J. Huang share their best estimate of heat yield per liter of 3% H2O¹⁷?

Quote from Drgenek

Given 3% heavier water (see post #84 above), a liter of that water would have 25.55 gms of H2O¹⁷.

The yield of bomb on Hiroshima was 15 kilotons of TNT.

Synthesis of 25.55 gms of H2O¹⁷ from H2O¹⁶ would yield energy equal to 0.402 kilotons of TNT (assuming perfect yield of energy from the mass loss).

If the energy yield was only about 4/10,000 of perfect (yield seen for Santilli's intermediate fusion patent application) then one expects 1.61 x 10⁵ kcal.

Will B. J. Huang share their best estimate of heat yield per liter of 3% H2O¹⁷?

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I don’t think the only reaction happening is the formation of O17, but the balance of it all tends to an equilibrium in which the result is a net production of O17. For what I understand this is a closed system and all

the interactions are between the water and the pipes, and as the water gets pumped and cavitation is produced hydrodynamically, the excess heat is measured versus electric input of the systems needed to keep the reactor working.

bjhuang ’s paper co authored with Bob Greenyer is now published and online, and Open Access!!!

Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and isotope gases | Scientific Reports

H2O17 was confirmed by MS so there’s no

doubts. This is a major milestone!!!

Quote from JedRothwell

Wow! That is a huge paper, written in a short time.

The research team is integrated by a rather large ensemble.

I'm new to this thread .... a paper in Nature!

My understanding is that the old reactors VCS-1 to 3 had COPS up to 4.26, but the high pressures (600psi) caused the tubes to collapse.

I presume that in the new tubes they intentionally kept the COP below 2 to avoid that.

In the abstract they modestly report COP > 1.05 as a success. The peak was 1.61 from two tubes.

The Ne evidence is pretty convincing.

Quote from Alan Fletcher

I'm new to this thread .... a paper in Nature!

My understanding is that the old reactors VCS-1 to 3 had COPS up to 4.26, but the high pressures (600psi) caused the tubes to collapse.

I presume that in the new tubes they intentionally kept the COP below 2 to avoid that.

In the abstract they modestly report COP > 1.05 as a success. The peak was 1.61 from two tubes.

The Ne evidence is pretty convincing.

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The 1.05 is because the error bar is 5% so they consider only as indicative of excess energy COPs above 1.05.

Interesting coincidence. 110 years ago, Norman Collie found Neon too. But it didn't involve water.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.1914.0100

Was Collie's neon a spallation product from the electrode?

Quote from Curbina

H2O17 was confirmed by MS so there’s no

oxygen has a number of isotopes..some H2017 should be present naturally

I think they are comparing the O17 to O16 ratios somehow

Also there is HDO..

2D+O18 =Ne22??? another possibility?

Quote from RobertBryant

I think they are comparing the O17 to O16 ratios somehow

If the neon is a product of copper nuclear disintegration (a la Collie), then there are likely to be spare neutrons around. Throw neutrons into water and you start getting ¹⁷O.

I would have preferred to see the range of elements in the system, before & after operation. Concentrating on one or two particular anomalous elements can be misleading.