There is a natural tendency in the formulation of LENR theory to ignore or flat out deny the existence of outlying or contraindicated LENR processes that are generally observed and proven by observation but conflict the prevailing LENR meme and with preconceived notions of LENR reality.

One of these observations is that transmutation of elements in LENR does not for the most part yield energy: gamma, heat, light, particles, and loses mass.

These counter indicators include biological transmutation, the associated very safe and benign environment that LENR occurs in, and the unexplained loss of mass and/or energy where that loss is absolutely required by any proposed theory.

I have in mind the production of ferrosilicon in India where an electric arc processing method transmutes 4.5 tons of iron and silicon each day from carbon, oxygen and other ambient elements inside the environment of the electric arc blast furnace.

The outsized amount of transmutation of so much mass every day should produce enough energy to meet the power needs of Europe for a year form the output of hundreds of nuclear power stations, and yet that huge amount of energy production is not observed.

Transmutation in the LENR reaction for the most part occurs under a state of quantum mechanical superposition where that energy produced and the mass exposed to the LENR reaction is permanently lost to our reality.

Another possible shielding mechanism is that the transmutation occurs in a imaginary mass environment where the nature of quantum mechanical tunneling is reversed.

This false illusion about hydrogen fusion is pointless because the energy produced by this reaction is invisible to our observation. The issue is that the weirdness of quantum mechanics is made manifest to our observation and we cannot understand that it is happening.

We have been through this situation more than once. For some reason people just can't believe it. I understand that it is difficult to flush 30 years of LENR theory down the toilet, but it must be done to get to the truth.

http://coldfusioncommunity.net…18/08/244_JCMNS-Vol24.pdf  

Abstract

In the period 1978–2002, The Silcal Metallurgic Ltd., a Coimbatore (India) based company, was engaged in the production of ferro silicon alloy deploying a 12 MVA “Submerged Carbon Arc” powered smelter. During a 11-week long non-stop round the clock operation of the plant in 1995, daily feed of raw materials was: Quartz (33.4 ton), charcoal (with fixed carbon content of 13.2

ton) and scrap steel (5.1 ton) while the daily output production of Fe–Si alloy (73.5% Si) was 24.75 ton. From the total weights of Si and Fe in the input feed and assuming 100% recovery of the metals, the daily output alloy production could at best have been only 20.5 ton. However to our surprise throughout the 11-week period the total daily Fe–Si alloy (with 73.5% Si) output was

consistently 24.75 ton, corresponding to a daily “anomalous” excess metal production of 4.25 ton of Fe–Si alloy. The only source of Si entering the smelter furnace was the quartz raw material and that of Fe was the scrap steel (except for minor additional amounts of Fe originating from the steel casing of the consumable Söderberg carbon electrodes). Very careful vigil of the weights of daily

input feed of raw materials and output alloy drained out as also the electrical energy consumption was maintained. It was evident that roughly 20% more metal than could be accounted for from the input feed was being produced and consequently we have been obliged to come to the conclusion that anomalous quantities of Si (2.8 ton/day) and Fe (1.45 ton/day) were being synthesized during

the smelting process. Discussions with researchers involved in the Cold Fusion/LENR field have suggested that a likely explanation for the anomalous metal production could be the occurrence of transmutation reactions between nuclei of C and the O stripped from the SiO2 during the chemical reduction process. It is speculated that the intense varying magnetic fields generated by the kilo-amp levels of alternating current (AC) driving the arcing between the three gigantic carbon electrodes and the carbonic hearth of the furnace, in the 2000◦C temperature environment, could have somehow catalyzed transmutation reactions to occur, very similar to the transmutations reported in laboratory scale “Carbon-Arc experiments” first revealed by George Oshawa in 1964. But the more puzzling aspect of our observations is that there was no evidence of release of the expected massive amounts of nuclear energy that should have accompanied the postulated transmutation reactions based on the atomic masses of the nuclei involved.

7. Puzzle of the Missing Nuclear Energy

A worth noting feature of the Silcal observations was that there was no dramatic change whatsoever in the energy dissipation. Using the estimated energy release values of 17.13 MeV/atom of Si or 49.58 MeV per atom of Fe given in Appendix B, for the postulated nuclear transmutation reactions, it can be shown that corresponding to 4.25 ton of metal transmutation, the power generated should have been the equivalent of the total thermal power generated by hundreds of 1000MWe nuclear power stations. However, in our plant there was no evidence of such massive amounts of nuclear energy being released throughout the 11-week period, giving a handle to the skeptics to question our claims of ton level elemental transmutations. In this context it is worth noting that nobody in published LENR literature (to the best of our knowledge) has established a clear correlation between the quantum of transmutation products generated

in carbon arc and the expected nuclear heat release based on atomic mass considerations. On the other hand neither has any publication claimed that the Carbon Arc experiment violates Einstein’s E = mc2 dictum. Thus if indeed the Silcal transmutation claims are confirmed it would clearly point to the operation of new Science wherein transmutation could be occurring without the accompaniment of the expected nuclear energy release. In the context of these remarks the arguments of Daniel Szumski elaborated in his “Least Action Nuclear Process” (LANP) Theory appear relevant. We learnt about Szumski’s work through his paper presented at ICCF 20 conference [13]. Szumski who has taken great pains to analyze in detail the transmutation observations of George Miley (see www.LeastActionNuclearProcess.com) argues that both endothermic and exothermic nuclear reactions can and do occur concurrently in LENR experiments, partly or wholly cancelling out net energy release. In fact he has referred to some experimental observations of Mizuno wherein transmutations have reportedly been observed by him not accompanied by energy release. Szumski is thus not at all surprised by our observation of “energy neutral” transmutation reactions

Quote from Cydonia

Yes this work has been known for a few ICCFs already.

But I'm one of the few LF members who thinks that likely.

The LENR reaction is such a deceiver. I feel sad for all those dedicated zealots who have looked in vain for those fusion gamma rays and those neutrons all the while that stealthy LENR reaction was hiding there undetected in silence. How many more years of grief and pain will that devel reaction plague those selfless heroes. Only if they followed the rules of science and let reality show them what is true.

https://www.lenr-forum.com/image-proxy/?key=31f2a30172dbf0774868a48ab249a14ecf4eb89aaef5772e5a284eddc3533108-aHR0cHM6Ly9lbmNyeXB0ZWQtdGJuMC5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9pbWFnZXM%2FcT10Ym46QU5kOUdjUXFudEk0QUFtT1huNEVHRDZnTTlfM1g4Y0MxbWVVLWZHbFloTmdPa0hmdUZaOTVOMmc5Zw%3D%3D

As depicted in the figure above, a polariton condensate will form in cracks and edges on the rough metal surface. These condensates will tend to become entangled and act as a single unit. Such behavior is at the root of Ed Storms observation that the LENR reaction environment always occurs in cracks.

Quote from Alan Smith

Ed Storms, Russ George, Me and Wyttenbach (and others) have found prompt low-energy gammas, confirmed in one case in my lab by an independent and very skeptical expert from the military, so no need to be sad.

There is a process called breaking radiation that is produced by high energy electrons that come from the explosive termination of the EVO (bosenova). This type of radiation by its nature is continuous and has been seen to reach a high of 1.5 MeV. This breaking radiation is caused when electrons interact with matter whereby the kinetic energy of the electron is converted into EMF.

MFMP saw this type of radiation and sent its trace to the French nuclear authority for identification. The authority has seen this type of radiation many times before and called it beta minus release.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RaE1.jpg/440px-RaE1.jpg

Bremsstrahlung

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bremsstrahlung.svg/340px-Bremsstrahlung.svg.png

Bremsstrahlung produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus.

Radiation produced by fusion is characterized by a specific gamma energy spectrum (ie 14.1MeV, 3.5 MeV) neutrons and helium are also seen.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg/440px-Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg.png

A continuous energy spectrum is produced by electron high kinetic energy release through matter interaction.

We see that the LENR reaction is producing high energy electrons as witnessed by the scope capture of the Egely stick reactor energy output. High energy electron bursts were seen on the scope of Rossi's QuarkX reactor during the QX demo. This type of energy release is caused by the Bosenova explosion of the EVO. Bosenova is produced when a coherent system becomes decoherent, specially when a Bose condensate become decoherent. This is not fusion.

Bosenova - Wikipedia

A bosenova or bose supernova is a very small, supernova-like explosion, which can be induced in a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) caused when the BEC "collapse and bounce" or "rebound."^[

Quote from Wyttenbach

This is a good description of your live...

You will never end up to understand the slightest of physics. just by cut & past of papers...

Physics = reality = experiment! = Gammas in our case....

What I am attempting to do is put many of the anomalous results that have been produced in LENR experiments into the context do accepted science theory and models. The science publications and videos that I refer to are guardrails that keep me within the constraints of professional science. This has never been done to explain the fusion meme and this neglect in connecting observation with accepted scientific theory and models has led to the rejection of LENR as pseudoscience and a at least a public relations disaster for LENR in general.

You might beleive that your the most brilliant scientist that there ever was but if you ever try to explain yourself to a professional scientist, they would immediately classified you as a nut because you can't talk their language and communicate with them on a level conceptual plane.

Quote from gio06

"This type of energy release is caused by the Bosenova explosion of the EVO."

EVOs are very low entropy coherent electron clusters.

Consequently the Bosenova explosion can be interpreted as a sudden entropy increase and a transition to an incoherent state.

The release of the accumulated electron kinetic energy in a Bosenova can be observed on the scope of Egely's stick reactor power output, on the scope of Rossi's QX reactor power output, and on the VEGA anode if that scope measurement is ever made public. The Vega experiment has produced these bosenova. As seen is Egely's video of the stick reactor, one high Dv/Dt spark can produce many EVOs that will eventually release high energy electrons, EUV light and other EMF like RF. Both Rossi and Egely have developed systems that harvist electrons and in the case of Rossi EUV light to form electrical current. Research undertaken by Ken Shoulders estimates that 10^23 electrons are confined in a mature EVO. This energy survey does not account for the other EMF energy that is released by the Bosenova. Using parallel production methods is shown that many millions per second Bosenova can be generated and according to Egely, 30KW per second can be produced.

A demonstration of EVO bosenova production by the vega system as follows:

Post

RE: The Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) as the cause of the vacuum reaction.

[…]

Good things happen when theory matches reality.

When the EVO eventually becomes unstable, it explodes in a Bosenova. Electrons will then reform from the polaritons that had aggregated to form the polariton Bose condinsate (EVO). If the electrons produced by the Bosenova are captured before they can interact with the plasma, then the kinetic energy released by the Bosenova remains contained in the electrical current formed when captured in the Bosenova.

Rossi is using Xenon to form light to…

axil

Jul 28th 2022

ICCF24 Presents: Benjamin Barrowes - New US Army LENR Replication Efforts

I watched the ICCF24 New US Army LENR perenstation video again and saw at 13:05, the hexagonal background shape that marks the generation of a supersolid form of a polariton condensate.

The Biberian 2021 (RedLaser) picture which shows a hexagonal shaped surrounding area that is manytimes seen in polariton condensate production where transmutation and matter deformation has occurred in LENR. This area is usually observed using a polarized light filter. This hexagonal area is usually produced by a fully matured polariton condensate (aka EVO) that is generating a hugely intense magnetic field. This field is strong enough to coherently magnetize the material that makes up the surface area so that the affected area reflects polarized light (Magneto-optic Kerr effect -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect).

The hexagon shape is produced by the polariton condensate as a supersolid which is a quantum mechanical state of extreme Bose–Einstein condensation. This production of these regular polygonal shapes involved in transmutation is ironclad proof that polariton condensation is a root cause of transmutation.

Supersolid - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Quote from Wyttenbach

Unlikely like you I'm a professional scientist and my modelling approach did help us to find a fully reproducible LENR reaction.

Your endless childish talks that are based on an outdated model are only confusing people. Generally I take nobody seriously that does no experiments and hence has no clue of real physics as physics = experiment.

So you must be able to show us at least one experiment that proves one of your so called "theories"...

EVO's or ball lightening is an old discipline of physics mostly done in Russia and South America. The first large balls could be produced by a South American researcher with the help of silicon dust he detected by chance,

This effect has nothing to do with LENR as the source is high voltage.

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The famous Theodore Roosevelt quote about striving valiantly and daring greatly

“It is not the critic who counts: not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes up short again and again, because there is no effort without error or shortcoming, but who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself in a worthy cause; who, at the best, knows, in the end, the triumph of high achievement, and who, at the worst, if he fails, at least he fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who knew neither victory nor defeat.”

There is little use to start LENR reactor engineering from scratch. We need LENR as soon as possible. So ideas from marginally successful predecessor systems might be used to expedite useful LENR reactor R&D.

Egely stated: "Note,that textbook physics is simply not enough to describe and design devices based on Lenr.

I designed and successfully tested 4 different Lenr reactors,briefly mentioned in my short lecture"

The best LENR reactor design produced so far is the plasma reactor. Solid state Lenr reactors based on heat pumping have been a dismal failure. They cannot be properly controlled. Electrical pumping as done in the SAFIRE project, Egely, R.Mills, and Rossi is the way to go. So let's not waste time on proven failures.

Unlike the SunCell and the SAFIRE project which produce only heat, an ideal LENR reactor must produce electrical power directly as does Egely's and Rossi's systems. This eliminates the need for a turbogenerator which is a handicap in a LENR generator for a mobile system.

From a system engineering standpoint let's piecepart the good features of these existing LENR plasma systems and produce a viable solution for today's needs.

George Egely remarks that controlling transmutation is difficult in his plasma reactor. Carbon is produced when the spark power is above the transmutation power limit. Also the quality of the reaction varies based on the uncertain surface morphology of the electrodes. With transmutation comes gradual degradation of the electrodes over time.

To produce a decent power density in a plasma based LENR reactor, say the power of a auto engine (70KW and up), we still want engines for muscle cars, construction equipment, military equipment, and aircraft, a way to control electrode damage and transmutation at high power densities is essential.

In order to reduce or eliminate transmutation and melting damage on the surface of the electrodes, a method used in the Suncell with some modifications could help keep the electrodes functional.

The electrodes could be formed from a magnetic material such as nickel. The nickel electrodes could be magnetized at a distance by a permanent magnet to save input power so that the entire electrode is magnetic. The electrodes would have a channel carved into its surface in which a liquid would flow. The flow channels might be tectured to produce well controlled turbulence in the flow of the liquid metal. The channels would be positioned to be at the closest point between the electrodes. The spark discharge would occur across the electrodes at the channels. A magnetic liquid composed of gallium and nickel nanoparticles would be applied to the surface of the electrodes in a constant flow through the channels. The magnetic liquid metal would be filtered to remove carbon transmutation products in a continuing process.

A more sophisticated method to pump the liquid metal would be to integrate a linear magnetic motor inside the electrodes that would move the magnetic liquid metal through the surface channels.

This wetting method is being used on the plasma facing surface of fusion reactors to protect the surface from neutron damage. The liquid metal used there is lithium.

Ken Shoulders used liquid metal wetting to protect the electrodes that he used to produce EVOs.

Quote from Alan Smith

No it does not- they get a huge amount of back EMF (high current and high voltage) persisting for some time (details unknown - this is from conversations) when they tickle the plasma into a particular state and then switch the input off.

Thanks for sharing... you're great. This power burst makes sense. The SAFIRE plasma is a huge EVO that is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii theory.

SAFIRE system is a well studied type of polariton condensates as described by the Gross-Pitaevskii theory. This behavior will also include the formation of vortices as seen in SAFIRE as pictured on page 12 of that theory article.

The Gross-Pitaevskii theory

https://uni-tuebingen.de/fileadmin/Uni_Tuebingen/Fakultaeten/MathePhysik/Institute/PIT/Festk%C3%B6rperphysik/Dokumente/4_Gross-Pitaevskii_theory.pdf

I had the BEC vortices image already cut, so here it is.

When the EVO terminates in SAFIRE, a Bosenova occurs where the energy stored in the huge singular SAFIRE EVO is released. All plasma systems get Back EMF caused by the termination of the EVO aggregation. Even the ignition of the Papp engine was powered by back EMF. I can show a video of that back EMF driving a motor if requested.

Egely states as follows about the nature of his power output:

No special form of electricity, just sudden bursts.

You can see that his power production is produced by the termination of many EVOs in an aggregation.

In the interview Egely also stated that he needed to add Neon tubes. "Neon tubes. can absorb power pulses in a more efficient manner."

It might be why Rossi has turned his reactor into a big Xenon tube. I might be to absorb high powered electrical pulses.

If you remember the old days of early solid state heat producing reactor development, where excess heat measurement was observed through calorimetry. The issue would always be if the small overunity energy gaines seen in the test or demo results were beyond the error limits of the heat measurement procedures. These test procedures were never definitive. People always complained about endless details that they did not agree with. How do the test procedures distinguish between heat pumping and overunity heat production. What a boondoggle!

With these electrically driven LENR plasma systems, all measurements are done with an oscilloscope. The overunity power production can be read off the screen to the nanoamp with high precision and little to no doubt.

In the Rohner replication of the Papp engine, the feedback current produced by the exploding EVOs drives the motor after each ignition cycle. In the Papp engine, this feedback current was used to produce the high dv/dt spark that initiated the bosenova of the EVOs that were produced in the noble gas mix inside the cylinder. The exploding EVOs not only produced an expanding cloud of high energy electrons, but also produced a shockwave that would move the piston expansively inside the cylinder. The Papp engine produced little heat because most of the EVO energy was transferred to the expanding plasma. As Egely said in his Q&A, neon tubes would help to capture the high energy electrons in the output explosion. In the Papp engine a mix, every noble gas was used to capture those electrons. The expansion of the plasma inside the cylinder cooled the plasma so little energy was lost to heat production.

I said in the post above on back current production: "Even the ignition of the Papp engine was powered by back EMF. I can show a video of that back EMF driving a motor if requested.'

So here is that video that I was referring

The SAFIRE project was commissioned by the electrical universe society to show that the Sun and all the stars in the sky were all electrical systems. At the end of the SAFIRE experiment, the SAFIRE team said that they found no disparities with the electric Sun model. But the SAFIRE plasma is a huge EVO, a polariton condensate, that is a superconductor and a superfluid. Can the Sun be an EVO that is a million miles in diameter; a LENR system that produces heat and light for all of us; that powers the stars by the trillions? Or could it be that the SAFIRE team found what they wanted to find; what they were paid to find? Could it be that we all find want we expect to find. what we want to find? Could it be that this is why we don't succeed?