But now we must understand what the Nuclear Active Environment (NAE) is, it is useful to know how to build the NAE.
Oh God, another new buzzword/TLA (three letter acronym), freshly coined by an armchair ECW physicist. YANQTCYOB.
(You Are Not Qualified To Coin Your Own Buzzwords)
Oh God, another new buzzword/TLA (three letter acronym), freshly coined by an armchair ECW physicist. YANQTCYOB.
(You Are Not Qualified To Coin Your Own Buzzwords)
Study this Ed Storms video to learn what a NAE is. You are more out of it that I thought.
If one talks about particles and how they organize (gaps or particles themselves) you have to take into account how they are organized. Please show me how the particles are organized (structure) for n = 1 to n = 12 please. Putting them together will cause gaps, which is unavoidable, so how do you do that please?
Aggregation occurs whenever single nanoparticles cluster together forming larger objects. This happens through surface attractive interactions which despite being always present, become significative only at the nanoscale, where objects can become nanometrically close.
If one talks about particles and how they organize (gaps or particles themselves) you have to take into account how they are organized. Please show me how the particles are organized (structure) for n = 1 to n = 12 please. Putting them together will cause gaps, which is unavoidable, so how do you do that please?
Nanoparticle aggregates of nanoparticles require a lot of energy to be broken apart, due to the huge number of surface-surface interactions per unit volume and the extreme proximity of the surfaces themselves. It’s so difficult, that often is easier to melt the material than to disaggregate a cluster. Basically, a nanoaggregate is for practical applications the unit one has to deal with when dealing this type of materials.
Aggregation is a thermodynamic process that becomes a concern when some conditions are met. In fact, it depends of parameters like temperature; concentration, composition and surface charge of the nanoparticles; dielectric constant and ionic strength of the medium; presence of surfactants if a liquid medium is involved. Due to the irreversibility of aggregation, all these parameters have to be controlled starting from the synthesis up to the final nanoparticle application to achieve a proper control on material and process.
For example:
The effect of dipole
-dipole repulsion on the size of the L-J particle aggregation
was a final project for KyuHan Kim in 2012.
Repulsion occurs when particles try to retain their space in their orbitals. The repulsive force is stronger for larger aggregates. The repulsive force is thought to arise from charge-charge repulsion.
Particle agglomeration is the formation of assemblages in a suspension. This process can be induced by adding salts or other chemicals. The agglomerates can grow in size and settle to the bottom of the container.
References:
Particle aggregation - Wikipedia
Lennard-Jones Potential - Chemistry LibreTexts Apr 15, 2023
Charging and discharging of single colloidal particles at oil
Numerical simulations of sonochemical production
The effect of the dipole-dipole repulsion on the size of the L-J
Summary. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is performed to study the effect of the dipole-dipole repulsion interaction to the size of Lennard-Jones (LJ). Note: there are addition video material at the end of this following video.
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i don't think that condensats are involved in all Lenr ways but who knows ?
In this way of thinking the Japanese Pr Tanabe have done great works.
By using some flakes ( aspect ratio) rather than cylindrical particles the plasmonic field was highly enhanced.
Display MoreControlling the LENR reaction through the proper use of nano and micro-particles
Nano/Micro-particles provide ability for the amplification of the catalytic effect through the application of many forms of resonances. One such amplification mechanism involves the reception of heat energy by the metal particle array as an antenna which reaches out over a great distance to bring in heat energy photons from a very long distance away from the particle aggregation . All that heat energy is converted into dipole electron motion called an exciton.
Exciton-polaritons are a type of quasiparticle that are a hybrid of light and matter. They are formed by the strong coupling between excitons in semiconductor quantum wells and photon modes in microcavities. The excitonic part of the exciton-polariton gives it a high degree of nonlinearity, while the photonic component gives it an extremely small effective mass.
Exciton-polaritons exist inside semiconductor microcavities. When the density of exciton-polaritons exceeds a threshold, they macroscopically occupy the same quantum state, forming a condensate.
Exciton-polaritons can demonstrate quantum phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation and single-photon nonlinearity.
But now we must understand what the Nuclear Active Environment (NAE) is, it is useful to know how to build the NAE.
How to build a nano-cavity
To illustrate a pivotal principle from Nano-engineering that bears upon LENR, in experimental results from that field involving Nanoplasmonics, the electromagnetic field strength in the spaces between nanoparticles is exponentially strengthened based on the number of nanoparticles in contact with each other.
Heat is converted into electromagnetism through the action of exciton based dipole motion in the surface of the metal particles. This dipole motion produces an alternating current that is tightly confined to the skin of the metal particle.
Dipole vibration generates a positively charged side of the metal particle and a negatively charged side. Heat induces an electrostatic charge on the surface of the metal particle through the action of coherent alternating currents of free electron gas that live on the surface of metals.
A strange thing happens to the electrons on the negative side of these metal particles. The electron becomes entangled with the photons of heat when the energy level of the electrons and photon become equal. A compound waveform is produced called a polariton.
Because the polariton is mostly light, it is a boson, there is no limit to the number of these quasiparticles (the electron half of the dipole) that can be packed into the NAE. The other positive “hole” part of the dipole resides within the walls of the NAE.
This coupling of the electron gas with the infrared EMF is the first and most basic level of resonance in the LENR reaction.
One very important way to increase the strength of the LENR reaction is to increase the density of the electron gas that floats around on the surface of the metal particle.
Amplification in the density of the electron gas will amplify the LENR reaction. In the same way, a big capacitor will produce a bigger spark than a very small capacitor.
Needless to say, enhancing heat production is the other method that increases the strength of the LENR reaction, but in Nanoplasmonics, heat and the density (like amperage) and energy levels (like voltage) of the electron gas are directly connected.
I am interested in the system that uses micro-particles for the lattice because this type of system provides additional opportunities for resonance development to increase reaction intensity by increasing the density and energy of the electron gas.
This amplification process through the use of micro-particles is the subject of the next section of this description.
Remember, strengthening the density of the polariton gas is a prime LENR design goal. Electromagnetic field strength amplification is what we really want to do.
Particle aggregation is a polariton amplification mechanism.
Micro and nano sized particles will come together and aggregate under electrostatic attraction. Large particles will pass on their compliment of polaritons down to its smaller particles in the aggregate. It has recently been discovered that this transfer of polaritons is a one way operation. The nano engineers call this one way traveling polariton the topolariton.
The flow of topolaritons go from the large particles to the very smallest particles where they become captured in the gaps between the very smallest particles.
Because the topolaritons are bosons, there is no limit to how many can be packed into the nanoscale cavities between nanoparticles. These waveforms travel in a circle and form a soliton as a result of whispering gallery wave confinement and self-interference.
The point is that EMF can be collected, concentrated, and focused to such a huge extent by many and varied nanoparticle based mechanisms that the catalytic process can advance from the realm of chemistry to the realm of quantum mechanical driven sub atomic particles effects. These effects can amplify EMF by a factor of many trillions or 10^^20 to equal or surpass the power of the most powerful lasers.
These NAE like other catalysts are not consumed like neutrons but keep producing disruptive subatomic particle effects for many days after they are formed and fully loaded with EMF energy. These solitons can hold up to 1,000,000 GeV of power.
Figure A - Optical enhancement of nanoparticle clusters with coordination numbers (points of near contact or nano-gaps) from 1 to 7.
Comparison between the enhancement factors obtained for each sample, normalized to the enhancement produced by a single particle excited with a 633 nm laser line.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of benzenethiol on the pentagonal bipyramid (CN 7).
The enhancement factor of the electromagnetic fields in the nano-gaps is proportional to the capacitance that the particle can impose on the dielectric material in the gap.
Simply put, the number of topolaritons that can be packed into the dielectric medium filling the gap is directly proportional to the amount of charge difference that the particles can bring to bear in the immediate neighborhood of the nano-cavity.
The micro-particle has a far greater capacitive potential than a single nano-particle or even a large cluster of nano-particles because its bulk and surface area is orders of magnitude bigger than those particles that are sized on the nanoscale. But critically, there needs to be a way to increase both the effective surface area of the micro-particle and the coordination number (nano-gaps) when two micro-particles grow close together
This is cleverly engineered by covering the micro-particles with nanowires like the spines that cover the surface skin of a sea urchin.
The nanowires draw close and touch as the micro-particles draw together but the charge on the surface of the micro-particle largely remains in place because current does not readily flow access these filamentary points of contact. The nanowires provide a gage or better described as a spacing mechanism so that the micro-particles maintain the optimum nano-metric capacitive distance between their respective micro-particle surfaces.
How nuclear reactions are induced using electrical fields produced by nano/micro particle aggregation.
At ICCF24 NASA representatives when explaining lattice confinement fusion said that their researchers saw a electric field enhancement of around 20 orders of magnitude over ambient. This enhancement was enough to lower the coulomb barrier sufficient to produce nuclear fusion effects.
The fields produced were not coherent which means that the number of polaritons in the particle aggregation was not sufficient in number to produce Bose Einstein condensation.
As the power density and the associated number of polaritons increase above the BEC floor level, the fields produced will become coherent. Then the nuclear reactions will cease and the LENR reaction will enter transmutation mode were all the energy produced by the LENR reaction is lost.
In the LENR reaction, there is a power density level threshold above which nuclear based activity will stop and non-gainful transmutation will begin.
What's about Tarasenko experiments ?
Oh God, another new buzzword/TLA (three letter acronym), freshly coined by an armchair ECW physicist. YANQTCYOB.
(You Are Not Qualified To Coin Your Own Buzzwords)
What's about Tarasenko experiments ?
What about them?
What about them?
Well the answer is in the question only in a more polite form as Alan like.
Well the answer is in the question only in a more polite form as Alan like.
Are you the Riddler from Batman fame?
aaahahaha yes probably 
Are you the Riddler from Batman fame?
It takes many years for heavy elements to form when neutrons are added to an element to form a heavier element.
You as usual talk childlish nonsense. New elements are produces by adding H* or D*, never neutrons.
You as usual talk childlish nonsense. New elements are produces by adding H* or D*, never neutrons.
Watch the video and get some education.
Watch the video and get some education.
I'm no longer a child. Today I like science. So at least we now know, why you spread all this garbage.
Elements heavier than Iron and where they are thought to have been formed is shown in this chart from the Wikipedia Stellar Nucleosynthesis webpage.
There seems to be a marked lack of interest in Nuclear engendering and Nullearsynthesis as personified by Wyttenbach among the members of this site.
An increased interest would be valuable in appreciating what the LENR reaction is doing during the transmutation process.
The Celestial Origin of All the Atoms in the Universe?
Physicist Observed Reality for the First Time in History - Nobel Prize in Physics 2023
Has science now defeated the The Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
has never been successfully disproven. However, there have been experiments that have shown that the principle can be bypassed. For example, Aephraim Steinberg and his team at the University of Toronto measured photons and showed that measuring can introduce less uncertainty
than Heisenberg's principle requires.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to calculate the position and momentum
of a small moving object like an electron simultaneously and accurately. The principle only applies to microscopic particles and not to macroscopic
particles.
Some physicists don't care too much about beating the Heisenberg uncertainty principle because the known ways to do so are ugly, have hidden elements, and violate other principles. However, others consider them beautiful and useful.
It would be interesting if obsidian was between two electrodes, melt down and push a gas to make a sphere and what gas would stay inside the sphere and what would happen when it was broken ..,,see how long the charge would stick to the outside of the sphere ect.
There seems to be a marked lack of interest in Nuclear engendering and Nullearsynthesis as personified by Wyttenbach
Engendering, especially fluid types, is extremely fashionable in the media right now. Null ear synthesis is very common on ECW where the denizens have synthesized the ability to deflect any valid arguments from their ears.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle was only ever a philosophical argument, valid only so long as there was no system of measurement good enough.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle was only ever a philosophical argument, valid only so long as there was no system of measurement good enough.
HUR has been refuted in experiments. https://www.frontiersin.org/ar…389/fphy.2021.803494/full
But children have to wait until a youtube video explains it...
