Fukai Structures and a cage effect

Palladium when it loads deuterium above 95% forms Fukai structures. Fukai structures are stable even
if the palladium is de-loaded. Loading above 95% is a requirement for excess heat in the Pons-Fleischmann experiment.

Fukai structures create large gaps in the lattice, some 18% vacancies which are called
superabundant vacancies (SAV). These vacancies form pores some 20 - 30 nm in size.

Deuterium exists in three states in palladium, as a D2 molecule, as a sigma bonded dihydrogen
molecule with Pd (van der waals attraction), and as a D+ ion sharing the electrons
with the palladium atoms in the lattice. The deuteriums' state depends on the background
electron density at its location. Deuterium in the Fukai pore areas may exist in
all three states.

There is also a notion that deuteron flux is a supporting element of cold fusion.

Peter Hagelstein's Lecture at MIT IAP Tuesday, Jan 28 at 1 hour 53 minutes had a slide
that mentions a cage effect. He did not talk about it however. I presume the cage
effect would apply to the interstitial D+ in a vacancy?

I am putting this out looking for more information about a cage effect possibly in Fukai structures.

I started with Y. Fukai's "The ABC's of the Hydrogen-Metal System" which he wrote for ICCF-3 (lenr-canr.org).

It is short and is reasonably easy to read. After this early work these structures got name after him.

Ed Storms has said that there are two types of fusion going on, fracto-fusion which may account for
the small amount of neutrons and tritium, and then the mysterious cold fusion which produces heat and helium.

Y. Fukai proposed fracto-fusion in 1992 as a source of energetic particles.

An advantage the scientists have today that was not available even 10 year ago is software and computing resources. Ongoing research
to characterize the transition metal hydride environment is aided by the software program http://www.quantum-espresso.org/