And for those interested in this topic, this is a review of (amongst others) Soviet work in this field.
Alan Smith
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Posts by Alan Smith
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At ICCF-22 I had the pleasure of a long discussion with Lutz, author of the paper below, which focuses on his plasmoid (AKA EVO) research. A long read packed with insights and data. Download from http://condensed-plasmoids.com/condensed_plasmoids_lenr.pdf
The Physics of Condensed Plasmoids (CPs) and Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR)
October, 2015 through September, 2019
Lutz Jaitner, lutz.jaitner t-online de, http://www.condensed-plasmoids.com
Abstract
LENR research was puzzled for a long time by the basic questions: How can nuclei fuse at low temperature, i.e. how
can they overcome the Coulomb barrier without having high kinetic energies? Why is the observed excess heat not
accompanied with gamma radiation? Why is LENR producing helium-4 from deuterium, whereas D-D hot fusion is
mainly producing helium-3, tritium and neutrons? How can LENR be technically optimized for commercial use?
To answer these questions, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in
LENR. This environment is an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a “condensed plasmoid”. The computed properties of CPs are
so exotic, that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter.
This document is first in describing the properties of CPs, the microscopic evidence of CPs in LENR experiments, how
the properties of CPs help explaining a wealth of remarkable findings in LENR experiments, examples of nuclear
reaction routes possibly enabled by CPs, the quantum-mechanical model of CPs, the computational results derived from
this model, verifiable predictions derived from the theory on CPs and a technology assessment on potential dangers of
LENR. The mechanism, which suppresses gamma radiation in CPs, will also be described in this document.
The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 pm) plasma
“wire” (The quantitative properties given in the abstract are depending on the configuration of the CP, they are just
examples). The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high
velocity (10 to 80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This is resulting in an intrinsic current of about 9 kA in the CPs,
with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A per square picometer.
The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 megatesla and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The
electrons are compressed by a z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons per cubic picometer.
The creation of a CP is an endothermic process, which typically requires discharges with high voltages and high
currents. Once created, CPs enjoy a lifetime, which can extend to hours and beyond. This longevity is likely not a result
of the CP’s stability, but is rather based on a self-sustained feedback of nuclear energy, countering the otherwise
inevitable decay of the CP.
The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunneling through the Coulomb
barrier. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons.
Nuclear energy feedback to the electrons can potentially produce a negative resistance of sparks and a self-sustained
growth of CPs. This can lead to high-voltage oscillations in the electrodes and a dangerous and sudden release of
nuclear energy, if the electrode circuitry is not damped resistively and the reaction rate is not properly fuel-limited. -
axil is moving into socio-physics or what?
No axil is moving into pasting entire articles from National Public Radio - I added the correct attribution above.
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For those of us keen to obey the rules of the road, would you care to explain how he earned that holiday?
Insulting behaviour, which would have been overlooked if there were other more useful posts.
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Forty-Two just earned himself a 2 week holiday.
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His version is the one that postulated a cosmic ray hit as one possibility, was it not?
It's not 'his version' of a story, it is the story, like it or not.
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seven_of_twenty : This event is not 'only anecdotal'. Francesco Celani is a top-ranking nuclear scientist with a great deal of skill and knowledge who gave a detailed first-person account (above). So that is the authoritative version- other versions should be ignored.
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i see a thermo-couple just beside the ceramic heater, are there any recorded data of the temperature?
I suspect that is the heater thermostat controi thermocouple.
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ETA: 20X background? Typical background is 1.5 to 3.5 millisievert per year. 20X that rate would not be rapidly harmful so there was no need to panic.
Francesco points out that the gauge pegged. That means it could no longer register any more.and at that point even you might have considered walking smartly away.
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And the first link translated... (thank you can )
ANSWER OF FRANCESCO CELANI
I believe you have already given the right answers.
* Dr. Bianchini used a RADIATION PROTECTION tool, so all values were averaged.
* My instrument was instead a gamma spectrometer but used as an instant "counter".
The energy response (with the appropriate software supplied) was 25-2000keV: (conventional) sodium doped iodide detector (in abbreviation: NaI (Tl)).
The measure was in counts per second (cps).
In other words, ANY signal range between the minimum detection level and the maximum (or higher) level gave a count.
Every second the signal was reset and the previous one "scrolled" on the display.
The local memory, on the display, was 50 acquisitions (I go to memory, I am on vacation ...), with an auto-refresh function.
In the "large" room the values were around 60cps, quite stable.
In the reactor room they were of the same value, even near the "reactor". All with "off" reactor.
Out of curiosity, in my Laboratory in Frascati (volcanic zone => radioactive) the bottom is 100-110cps inside the Laboratory. Outside it is significantly larger (tuff).
The counter / spectrometer, although constructively shielded against ELF and RF, was operated in Bologna with an internal battery to avoid possible strong "noises" from the 220Vac network, for example caused by electrical discharges or switching of triacs. The counter also had a sound alarm (the classic BEEP) I placed at around 400cps (if I remember correctly).
* A simple Geiger counter (so-called alpha-beta-gamma) and ELF and RF detectors were also active. All the instruments were battery operated.
* In short, everything was regular except for one EVENT just before Rossi left the reactor room to inform us that (finally) the reactor had left.
During this event, with a MAXIMUM duration of one second, the counter / spectrometer gave a signal of about 1200 cps (again, if I remember correctly), the BEEP sounded, the Geiger counter went into "overflow" and I had to turn it off and turn it back on , as required by the procedure.
The two counters of electromagnetic disturbances (ELF and RF) remained silent.
Shortly after the BEEP, and observing the non-negligible value of the signal (about 20 times the local natural background), my colleagues and I looked at the door with "greed" ...
Fortunately, the next second, everything was back to regular and we stayed in the room.
* Possible hypotheses are:
a) cosmic ray;
b) "true" signal coming from the reactor during the crossing of some non-equilibrium phase.
* During operation, after about 30 minutes at the beginning of the trial, I was allowed to enter the small room.
The count value was, this time, increased to 60 at 90-120cps and was VERY IRREGULAR.
However, these absolute values, as already mentioned, are compatible with the environmental fund.
* I HAD NO POSSIBILITY to take measurements in spectrum
* During the shutdown there was a similar phenomenon to that of the ignition but much-much weaker.
Thanks for your attention,
Francesco CELANI
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Fabrice's ( fabrice DAVID) papers on the 'fusion diode' are now available as a bulk download:- here's the abstract
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH SOLID STATE FUSION DIODES
The authors present a different approach to prove the reality of LENR: the Fusion Diode. This device has no input energy, relying on the only energy produced. The diodes are fabricated as powder diodes, with a large surface junction made up of a semiconductor in contact with palladium charged with deuterium. The suspected fusion reactions take place in the junction between the semi conductor and the Palladium powder, which produces an excitation which is transmitted to the electrons.
https://www.academia.edu/26174…SION_DIODES?auto=download
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It would be nice to have this rumor confirmed or dispelled.
He might, but don't hold your breath. Not a rumour btw, but an anecdote until verified.
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So once more: where did you get *two* instruments and that they were pegged?
That was what Celani was reported (by third parties) as saying at the time the incident occurred. He was said to have considered asking everyone present to leave.
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I think you will all agree Ruby is doing a wonderful job, she has been tireless in pursuit of news of interesting new developments.
I am joining a little crowd of other attendees Including David Fojt on the 11.30 Assisi-Rome train and then the airport bus. Home in time for a late dinner all being well. My feeling, taken from the mood of the conference is that there is a new spirit of optimism in in the air and that before the next decade is out LENR will be ubiquitous.
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I can post whatever I want in HERE.
On no you can't. you cannot post incitements to commit crimes for a start. And hacking is a crime.
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PLEASE KEEP ON TOPIC. ICCF-22
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The posts below have been moved here from the ICFC report thread as too far off-topic.
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Ruby is doing such a great job, actually several at once, passing out T-Shirts, videoing presentations, and running the mic (when found) round to questioners. Meanwhile I'm working the edge of the crowd, picking up gossip and discussing technicalities. I'm also on a recruiting drive. The reputation of LENR-Forum continues to rise and I hope to have persuaded some more very serious theorists and exprmenters in the field to post here on a regular basis. But be warned, they will be protected.
Also doing the paparazzo photos which I'll post in here asap.
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Your membership has been approved - welcome aboard.
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The Trentalia website is easy to use, trainsfrom Rome Termini to Assisi roughly every 30 minutes and fare around €10. Journey time 2 hours.
