lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6737/Display MoreAlthough H2 possibly has more tendency to cause transmutation..
it can happen with D2 as well..
Keeping transmutation to a minimum may be beneficial to maintaining the
material properties of a 2D2->He reactor
"
Transmutation reactions of Cs into Pr were observed by D2 gas permeation for about one week through Pd complexes
nkodama
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Thanks to Gregory Byron Goble who found this:
Above patent application was filed by Miura and cite (refer to) following Iwamura's patents:
JP6548102B2 (granted in Japan)
There are two more boiler related patent applications filed by Miura that also refer to JP6548102B2.
WO2021187285A1
WO2021187286A1
This shows that cooperation is already ongoing for a longer period before the formal press announcement mentioning the cooperation between Clean Planet Inc and Miura (looking to the filing dates).
refer to my post
lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/6737/this is a practical transmutation of Pu.
the number of added protopn is one by one, so it is not impossible to transmutte the stable island which has very longer half-life of decay.
The practical approach is to transmute to Am because the other larger mass of minor actinoides decay to Am which half life is longer than a hundred years. stabler than other minor actinoides.
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biological transmutation is adding proton to the element.
the mechanism is below.
metal has 6 H2O as a ligands, around metal ion, so it can be compressed in the biological system of
and it can be fabricated by the process as is shown in the below.
If the transmutation by Cold fusion in Vaccume is used it is impossible for all of the metal chunk to be transmuted to other element because the transmutation is surface reaction.
The target element is in the stability island in the below paper.
[] Yuri Oganessian, Nuclei in the "Island of Stability" of Superheavy Elements
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 337 (2012) 012005, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/337/1/012005
so transmutation->removal of transmuted layer in solution =>transmutation=====> repeated so many times.(below figures)
So it is not practival by this reactor.
Thus I propose the transmutation reactor in metal aqueous solution; the mechanism is that metai ion has 6H2Oligands around ions the size is larger and the compress of H2O can create the hydrogen atoms with electron in the deep electron orbit which add proton to the metal ion.(Above figures)
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there are not many who contributed to LENR
perhaps because it affects their reputation/salary?
George Miley?
Takahashi and Iwamura were brought up in the conventional nuclear school
and have achieved a lot... noticeably much finance has been from private Industry
MHI ?
and the NEDO finance is spread very widely,thinly
"were brought up in the conventional nuclear school" is a real issue for cold Fusion society.
Real understanding of the mechanism of cold fusion affects the fundamental nuclear physics theory, thus it affect the researchres activity and loose money.
I know the hot fusion is really hot by the traditional researchers, because international activity offers a huge amount of money.
and because mechanism of hot fuion is easy because it is a traditional physics.
The Cold fusion is now confused all over the world due to the mistake of traditional nuclear physics.
AS I explained everywhere, cold fusion is caused by small D2 atoms with deeper orbit of electron.Fig(d)
Fig(a) is the cause of mistake of nuclear physics theory that charge is point charge so schredinger equation at around nucleus has hiuge error or meaningless.
So the correct nuclear physics use the uniformly distributed charge in the nucleus.
AND the relativistic schredinger eqaution is used, and this can be numerically solved and it showed the deeper orbit tnah n=1, as cloas as a few femto-meters from the nucleus in Fig(d), and the electron density between the nucleus is so dense that it can shiled the coulomb repulsive force perfectly.
The above is the real cause of Cold Fusion and current nuclear physics does not have this(electron deep orbit) theory.
All the traditional nuclear physics researchers including pure nuclear physics researchers and all and high energy physics researchres has not studied this correct theory just because it is inconvinient for them to continue their study at university, and if this is admitted, nucleus is constituted by proton and internal electron and no neutron as a fundamental particle and no neutrino and explanation of the stable magic number of nucleus is incorrect and most theories need to be reconsidered, and a lot of researchers will lose their research area.
Refer to the paper on this correct nuclear physics theory.
Because this is not the subject in the university no explanation the the physics textbook. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!, traditional nuclear physics researcher want to believe the traditional incorrect theory.
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Why not transmute for example Ag into Pd by knocking off a proton? Such a system would rapidly increase the Pd:Ag ratio as LENR proceeds and gradually increase the proton absorption into the Pd lattice which would be created as the reaction proceeds. All we need is the Ultra-dense hydrogen (or deuterium) synthesised by catalysts to be formed in situ within the reactor system, as outlined by Leif Holmlid's revolutionary work on Rydberg matter.
The nucleus is constituted by proton and internal electron, no neutron. Thus it is simple to make heavier element by adding neutron. For caold Fusion reactor can create the die-neutron(small H2) without generating heat, the supply of di-neutron can be faster than small D2.
Thus the total number of proton is important to transmute because the total mnumber of the proton determines the number of internal electron(neutron in older physics) automatically absorb electron from outside of the nucleus.
We do not need ultra-dense hydrogen but hydrogen need the expandable T site on the metal surface and metal surface need to be positive potential.
you can find my post here. or find the paper in the below link.
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano- Metal Particle PotentialPDF | Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the nano-metal... |…www.researchgate.net
Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons
https://www.researchgate.net/p…ns_and_Internal_ElectronsI
Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression(PDF) Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond CompressionPDF | On Aug 19, 2021, Noriyuki Kodama published Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGatewww.researchgate.net
Novel Cold Fusion Reactor with Deuterium Supply from Backside and Metal Surface Potential Control(PDF) Novel Cold Fusion Reactor with Deuterium Supply from Backside and Metal Surface Potential ControlPDF | It is proposed that Cold fusion can occur in metal by D + hopping to T sites with Don the metal surface. In this mechanism, D + hopping is... | Find,…www.researchgate.net -
The Superheavy Elements and Anti‐GravityThe essence of any propulsion concept is to overcome gravity. Anti‐gravity is a natural means to achieve this. Thus, the technology to pursue anti‐gravity, by…aip.scitation.org
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Cold Fusion can transmute element by adding 2P by small H2(die-neutron) by H2 gass supply onto the Ni metal surface.
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano- Metal Particle PotentialPDF | Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the nano-metal... |…www.researchgate.netElement 115 is special feature to create anti-gravity and it can be created by Transmulation of Cold Fusion.
Thus I propose that transmutation of metal to create the heavier element to fabricate element115.
WebElements Periodic Table » Periodicity » Melting point » Periodic table gallery
Melting point
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Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression
(PDF) Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond CompressionPDF | On Aug 19, 2021, Noriyuki Kodama published Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGatewww.researchgate.netI understand the mechanism of cold fusion especially with nano metal particles
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano- Metal Particle PotentialPDF | Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the nano-metal... |…www.researchgate.net
Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons(PDF) Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal ElectronsPDF | Abstract:- Original nucleus model in the 1920s was internal electron theory that the atomic nucleus is constituted by protons and electrons, and... |…www.researchgate.net -
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Last week Kevmo asked me at https://e-catworld.com/2021/12…only-with-the-ecat-sklep/
"Do you think Rossi's technology is standard LENR/Cold Fusion? He seems to be trying to join the Randall Mills club by claiming it's not LENR but more EVO-based, whereas Mills claims his is not LENR but more Hydrino-based."
My response to him is posted here as it relates to my understanding of...
What is the current state of LENR?
Quote Dennis Bushnell 2012
"With effects occurring from using diverse materials, methods of energy addition etc. This is far from a “Narrow Band” set of physical phenomena."
From
REAL POPULAR COLD FUSION
Graphic: LENR beta-decay in the lattice.
https://coldfusionnow.org/real-popular-cold-fusion/
Good question Kevmo. Personally
I feel all those you have mentioned are better referred to as different types of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science 'Energy-Engineering' and Technology.
Here I will answer with my understanding of US government funded research.
Clearly more resources have been "devoted to this research arena" by NASA, GEC, DoE, Google Inc. and the DoD since Dennis Bushnell advised this over 10 years ago. We also can surmise, with a fair amount of certainty, that all these groups are working together.
Also top metamaterial and nano technology laboratories are engaged. These are vast resources.
We know advanced nano 3d printing technologies are being devoted as well as the world's most advanced atomic/nuclear reaction modeling computers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
We also know more than a few theories are being applied, leading to an improved understanding gleaned from computer assisted comparative analysis. This analysis has been applied to the wealth of available experimental data and associated theories compiled since 1989 and earlier. Thanks again Kevmo - gbgoble
Realism and the Outlook 2012
by Dennis Bushnell, Chief Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center
REALISM
hundreds of experiments worldwide indicating heat and transmutations with minimal radiation and low energy input
evidence indicates something real is occurring
with effects occurring from using diverse materials, methods of energy addition etc
This is far from a “Narrow Band” set of physical phenomena
OUTLOOK
given the truly massive-to-mind boggling benefits – solutions to climate, energy and the limitations that restrict the NASA Mission areas, all of them.
The key to space exploration is energetics.
The key to supersonic transports and neighbor-friendly personal fly/drive air vehicles is energetics, as simplex examples of the potential implications of this area of research
it is worth far more resources than are currently being devoted to this research arena
Rossi’s cold fusion use nano metal particles so the control of potential is very difficult abd it is very sensitive to agglomeration.
Thus Rossi use AI techniques to control cold fusion.
You can understand the issues of nano metal cold fusion. Rossi uses the real cold fusion with so much difficulty and so I think the composite nano metal is by far better if they want to use metal particles.
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano- Metal Particle PotentialPDF | Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the nano-metal... |…www.researchgate.net -
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
https://www.researchgate.net/p…_Metal_Particle_Potential
Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons
https://www.researchgate.net/p…ns_and_Internal_Electrons
Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression
https://www.researchgate.net/p…anism_of_Bond_Compression
Novel Cold Fusion Reactor with Deuterium Supply from Backside and Metal Surface Potential Control
https://www.researchgate.net/p…Surface_Potential_Control -
Robert Godes' comment in YouTube:
"People working on this should try attaching an ultrasonic transducer to the Iron cathode. This can be used to both listen to the sounds generated and drive compression waves through it that will likely cause a dramatic uptick in the reaction."
ultrasonic transducer to the Iron cathode.
==>I showed the similar methods to use ultrasonic transducer on nano-metal cold fusion scheme.
Mechanism_of_Cold_Fusion_with_Nano_Metal-Particles_and_Conceptualized_Reactor_to_Control_the_Nano-_Metal_Particle_Potential
This can be different from them, but it is important to use ultrasonic vebration to sepaerate the nano-metal particle.
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano- Metal Particle PotentialPDF | Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the nano-metal... |…www.researchgate.net -
Is this related to the LEC? I wonder. Thoughts, ladies and gentlemen?
External Content youtu.beContent embedded from external sources will not be displayed without your consent.Through the activation of external content, you agree that personal data may be transferred to third party platforms. We have provided more information on this in our privacy policy.YES I think that IT IS LEC.schematics of tool configuration upper electrode(Pd) and insulator and base electrode is Nickel.
There must be fuel D2O D2 gas etc.
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It can be small hydrogen.
Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal Electrons
(PDF) Neutron to be Tightly Bound Proton-Electron Pair and Nucleus to be Constituted by Protons and Internal ElectronsPDF | Abstract:- Original nucleus model in the 1920s was internal electron theory that the atomic nucleus is constituted by protons and electrons, and... |…www.researchgate.net
Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression(PDF) Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond CompressionPDF | On Aug 19, 2021, Noriyuki Kodama published Cold Fusion Mechanism of Bond Compression | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGatewww.researchgate.net
Novel Cold Fusion Reactor with Deuterium Supply from Backside and Metal Surface Potential Control(PDF) Novel Cold Fusion Reactor with Deuterium Supply from Backside and Metal Surface Potential ControlPDF | It is proposed that Cold fusion can occur in metal by D + hopping to T sites with Don the metal surface. In this mechanism, D + hopping is... | Find,…www.researchgate.net -
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Although H2 possibly has more tendency to cause transmutation..
it can happen with D2 as well..
Keeping transmutation to a minimum may be beneficial to maintaining the
material properties of a 2D2->He reactor
"
Transmutation reactions of Cs into Pr were observed by D2 gas permeation for about one week through Pd complexes
Although H2 possibly has more tendency to cause transmutation..
it can happen with D2 as well..
==YES, right, however, it generate the heat and the thin metal film is fragile due to the crack of the high-temperature.
THinner metal film has very higfh efficiency for transmutation.
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Location of Heater for a Mizuno-type Experiment
I have completed constructing a somewhat smaller version of a Mizuno cell: 8" long x 1.5" tube OD. Ends terminate with 2.75" CF flanges: one end with a 1/4" VCR fitting and the other with a 1.33" CF reducer. For the latter end I fabricated a 3/8" thermowell that is Ag brazed to a 1.33" CF end cap. The thermowell accommodates a 1/4" x 6" 400W sheath heater. I have been able to achieve 2e-6 Torr or better vacuum (using roughing and turbopumps), and also have demonstrated that the cell will maintain ~5 Torr H2 pressure indefinitely. A type K TC is mounted on the cell and held in place by a hose clamp.
The next step is heating. This was done with no Ni and ~5 Torr of H2. By applying ~65W to the heater I was able to observe a surface temperature of ~120 C. So far so good. However, at that power setting the heater glows bright red and is near the limit of its operating range. If it's necessary to achieve higher cell surface temperatures (as recommended one of Mizuno's papers) then another method of heating may be required. Three options come to mind.
1. Reduce the thermal resistance between the thermowell and the sheath heater. Typically this is done by precision reaming the thermowell ID a few mils larger than the heater OD. However the thermowell ID is too large for this approach. Cementing the heater into the thermowell is also an option but makes replacing a failed heater element difficult.
2. Apply heat externally to the cell's circumference. One method I have used in the past entails applying an electrically insulating layer to the exterior of the cell and winding NiCr or Kanthal wire around the circumference of the cell. This places the heating element in closer proximity to the rolled Ni mesh.
3. Add insulation around the cell's circumference while retaining the sheath heater in the thermowell. This approach modifies the thermal gradient and reduces the amount of power to the heater to achieve a given temperature at the cell's exterior.
Since I intend to measure excess enthalpy via an airflow calorimeter the method of heating the cell should not matter.
Comments or recommendations?
>The next step is heating. This was done with no Ni and ~5 Torr of H2. By applying ~65W to the heater I was able to observe a surface >temperature of ~120 C.
==>
heater is importsnt for nano-metal particle and also you should check this paper.
The direct heating is needed with ceramics heater (700degreeC).
the trigger is 300degreeC in D2O if you use DO electrolysis condition.
Once triggered Cold Fusion, temperature is so high that self-sustain mode continued.
(PDF) Mechanism of Cold Fusion with nano metal-particles and Conceptualized Reactor to control the nano-metal particle potentialPDF | Abstract—Although the nano-metal particles have the high capability to generate the very high excess heat due to the larger reaction site on the... |…www.researchgate.net -
Cold Fusion is ceused by the bond compression.
(PDF) Cold Fusion mechanism of bond compressionPDF | Cold fusion is caused by the compression against D2 covalent bond at the expanded tetrahedral site (T site) on the nano-roughness of the metal... | Find,…doi.orgso in Fe fcc lattice has the T site which has D- and D+ join to D- to be 4He.
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Question regarding D2 gas Purity.
Does anyone have any insight regarding the required purity of D2 for a Mizuno replication? My reason for asking is that, rather than bother with bottled D2, I'm going with a hydrogen generator. There is a minimum amount of liquid H2O or D2O required to partially fill the reservoir, and that minimum is about 1 liter.
The 1-liter D2O I purchased is specified to be 99% pure. Is this good enough? Would it be feasible to use a 50/50 mix of D2O and H2O?
D2 =>small D2,
H2=>small H2 no heat no fusion so it is better for transmutation.
D2O can absorb H2O from the air(humiditu) so it is difficult to keep high quality of D2O.
So D2 gas is beter than D2O electrolysis D loading for this cause.
another is the insulating layer growth.
And you must think on the voltage of counter-electrode, because D loading need negative metal surface potential and Cold Fusion need the positive metal surface potential.
THis is the most important for this replicatiion experiment of FPE.
FPEis not cold fusion but D laoding by electrolysis condition.
(PDF) Cold Fusion mechanism of bond compressionPDF | Cold fusion is caused by the compression against D2 covalent bond at the expanded tetrahedral site (T site) on the nano-roughness of the metal... | Find,…doi.org(PDF) Kodama-LENR-20210412PDF | Abstract It is proposed that Cold fusion can occur in metal by D+ hopping to T sites with D– on the metal surface. In this mechanism, D+ hopping... |…www.researchgate.net -
Will upload. Thanks. I heard it was coming but they didn't tell me it has arrived.
Electrolytic Co-depositionNeutron Production Evaluation
This is the old experiment because the experimental configuration is "electrolysis", which is not cold fusion.
FPE(electrolysis condition) need the high temperature to trigger and sustain cold fusion, which will emit neuton due to the excited state of 4He, which is the path of hot fusion.
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(PDF) Cold Fusion mechanism of bond compressionPDF | Cold fusion is caused by the compression against D2 covalent bond at the expanded tetrahedral site (T site) on the nano-roughness of the metal... | Find,…www.researchgate.net
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Are patents and not sharing knowledge, a huge problem?
Should finding a new sustainable source of energy be more important than fame and money?
Can someone please look at the VO2 nano tubes, think condition for D-D fusion (if possible in lattices) are ideal inside of them.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1409/1409.4661.pdf
-in 5 minutes the tubes are full loaded with hydrogen (near 100% saturation but not tested with deuterium).
-Hydrogen atoms are aligned in a sine inside the tubes.
-And loaded tubes are high temp super conductive.
https://www.chemistryviews.org…gnetic_VO2_Nanowires.html
All the things are seen in lenr reactions.
I don’t have the equipment or knowledge to do tests with them!
[] Hideaki KOIKE, Toshimichi NONAKA, Kunio OKIMURA,Study on Crystalline Structural Phase Transition of VO2 Films Grown on c-Al2O3 Substrate against Temperaturehttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvsj2/52/3/52_3_167/_pdf/-char/ja
This is a development of transistor to control the VO2 property of Metal-insulator phase change.
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a phase transition oxide whose resistance value changes by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude at a relatively low temperature of around 341 K, and is expected to be applied to various devices.
abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has attracted much interest as potential applications to electrical- and
optical-switching devices, because VO2 exhibits abrupt changes of electrical resistivity and
infrared transmission at metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) of 68 o
C. However, for
the practical uses of VO2, it is necessary to reduce the TMI down to room temperature (RT);
on-demand control of TMI by solid-state thin-film device will open the new pathway for the
development of innovative electro-optical devices. Here we focused on the proton doping into
VO2 because the protonation of VO2 should be the most ideal to modulate their electro-optical
properties due to its intrinsic non-volatile operation. However, for the protonation of VO2,
high-temperature annealing treatment is imperative to modulate the electro-optical properties,
and it is unsuited for practical purposes due to the annealing process. In this study, we propose
an all-solid-state thin-film transistor (TFT) for on-demand control of TMI for VO2 thin films
by water-electrolysis-induced protonation/deprotonation at RT. We fabricated TFT structure
with a gate insulator of water-infiltrated nano-porous glass. The gate insulator consists of an
amorphous 12CaO·7Al2O3 thin film with nano-porous structure (CAN) and water vapor in air is
automatically absorbed into the CAN film due to the capillary effect of the interconnected nanopores; water electrolysis can be used in the solid gate insulator. We expected that CAN-gated
TFTs with combination of high electric field and protonation through water electrolysis should
provide a better approach to control TMI of VO2. For gate voltage application, water electrolysis
and protonation/deprotonation of VO2 film surface occurred, leading to reversible metalinsulator conversion of ~10-nm-thick VO2 layer. The protonation was clearly accompanied by
the structural change from monoclinic (insulator) to tetragonal (metal) phase. Present results
offer a new route to all solid-state smart windows for on-demand infrared shielding
