Regarding: "In much of his work Shoulders describes EVO's as discrete toroidal entities"
The polariton as EVO exists in a toroidal entity called a whispering gallery wave where two contra rotating waves of photons circulate in a high Q mode (AKA little energy loss). The entangled electrons associated with the photon currents remain in a electron hole dipole in the metal that supports the EVO. The whispering gallery wave can be located at a distance from the metal that produced it.
The whispering gallery wave is an optical microcavity, Science has resently demonstrated experimentally the emergence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in an ultrahigh-Q whispering-gallery microresonator. The Optical whispering gallery (WGW) microcavity is the structural form that the Surface Plasmon Polariton assumed in LENR. These whispering gallery modes are analogous to the acoustic resonances in the whispering gallery in St. Paul Cathedral in London.
A critical clue to the role of symmetry breaking in LENR is the observation that the application of an electrostatic field catalyzes spontaneous symmetry breaking in the WGW via the Kerr effect. In the quiescent magnetic state, the WGW produces a magnetic field like a dipole magnet. But these field lines can be slightly anisotropic and these magnetic field lines will produce a minimal LENR effect.
But when a high voltage electrostatic field is applied to the WGW, the index of refraction inside the wave becomes complex via the KERR effect and the counter rotating photon currents combine into a unified current.
This activated WGW is now transformed from a magnetic dipole to a magnetic monopole thus greatly amplifying its magnetic strength. This structure can now produce a powerful LENR response in proportion to the number and energy content of photons that are circulating inside the WGW.
Regarding: :"capable of forming chains of inter-twined toroids"
When the high voltage electrostatic field is applied, the TAO Effect is also applied to a group of WGWs (AKA polariton solitons),
The polariton soliton is a superconductor because it is a Bose condinsate and as such is subject to the TAO effect.
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Theorists succumb to Tao
Mysterious microscopic spheres could point towards an unconventional theory for superconductivity
From: the Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia US
Some 20 years ago physicists thought they understood almost everything about superconductivity. Below a certain temperature elements such as mercury suddenly lose all resistance to electric current due to electrons forming pairs, in accordance with the famous Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. But in 1986 the discovery of copper oxide materials that become superconducting at relatively high temperatures wrecked this view. Today, high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates still remains a puzzle, but could it be that our understanding of conventional superconductors is even beginning to show cracks? According to Jorge Hirsch of the University of California in San Diego, a phenomenon called the Tao effect cannot be explained by the conventional BCS theory, and instead requires an alternative electrodynamic description that applies to all superconductors (Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 187001).
Superconducting surprise: The Tao effect was discovered in 1999 by the present author and co-workers at Southern Illinois University and Princeton University. To our complete surprise, when we applied a strong electric field to a group of superconducting microparticles we found that millions of them spontaneously aggregated into balls about a millimetre in size. Normal metallic particles either bounce between the two electrodes in a DC electric field or form chains in an AC electric field, so the field-induced formation of balls appears to be unique to superconductors.
The Tao effect was first observed with powders of high-temperature superconductors such as bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide. However, subsequent experiments performed in 2002 and 2003 with low-temperature superconducting powders, and also with magnesium diboride, confirmed that die effect occurs for all superconductors. The interaction between superconductors and an electric or magnetic field is an important topic in superconductivity. As early as 1935, more than 60 years before superconducting balls were first observed, Fritz London and his brother Heinz suggested that superconductors and normal conductors should respond differently to static electric fields. In particular, they predicted that a static electric field could penetrate into superconductors as far as a static magnetic field. In our initial experiments with low-temperature superconductors, we found that two critical values of electric field occurred as the strength of the field was increased. The first was the point at which the superconducting microparticles suddenly started to aggregate into stable balls, beyond which the size of the ball started to decrease until the second critical value was reached. At this point, the balls instantaneously disintegrated and flew onto the electrodes.
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When Ken Shoulders was working, the polariton was not discovered, but in the last 10 years, its nature is intensively studied. The polariton is a condensed matter entity. It needs a metal surface to form. But after formation it can become decoupled from that metal surface and float around. The entangled electrons that are part of the polariton condensate are still a part of the electron/hole dipole, it is the photon portion of the polariton that can travel.
As the polariton soliton extracts energy from quarks in the matter around it, the polariton soliton stores that energy in WGWs and the LENR effect becomes more powerful over time, because the new photons add more spin to the WGW. As the energy content of the WGW increases, the frequency of the photons increases from infrared to extreme ultraviolet. (1)
Fabiani revealed that he has seen balls of light eating the structure of a reactor when the activation signal is applied. So Rossi has produced the EVO and it is the cause of his reaction.
1 - The equation for photon energy is {\displaystyle E={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}} E = hc/y
Where E is photon energy, h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light in vacuum and y is the photon's wavelength