Posts by Zephir_AWT

More like vortex beams, i.e. electromagnetic field propagating along closed path or curve. They come in multiple types.

The question is, if these findings are real at least a bit - if yes, why they're not researched?

There are already know devices, which would provide thrust like photon rocket, i.e. by emanating single but heavily polarized vortex rings of electromagnetic waves - namely the Podkletnov and Claude Poher devices. They utilize superconductive materials which behave like paddles for vacuum, capable to introduce mechanical impulse into it. Such an impulse then propagates along long path at distance like vortex ring from vortex cannon.

Quote from Cydonia

About the EM drive i would like to know if we have used 2 coaxial magnetrons to initiate the microwave, that could happen

After then the EMDrive would work as a pair photon rockets attached against each other. But unpolarized photons exhibit very small thrust. The photons must be polarized heavily for to behave like particles. This is why I belive that so-called N-rays are real. Such a photons would propagate through space like vortex rings rather than waves, i.e. like EVO's observed during cold fusion and similar processes. EMDrive is indeed rather bad in polarization of photons, but it can polarize large amount of light waves in a single moment. It generates amount of subtle turbulence rather than stream of well developed vortex rings, but the principle of thrust formation still applies there in similar way, like for jellyfish locomotion.

Some people believe that universe is formed by interior of black hole. I don't think that Universe resides within some spatially constrained object, but try to think about it for a moment. The interior of dense stars is presumed to be superfluous in similar way, like vacuum of James C. Maxwell. But what is space-time in this model and how is it supposed to look like?

When we compress very dense gas - like the supercritical fluid - then its density fluctuations start to resemble wobbly foam.

After then the absolute majority of energy in this system propagates along walls of this foam. The interior of its "bubbles" doesn't contribute too much as the energy gets scattered there fast. That means that space-time is formed with foam hulls - not by interior of foam bubbles. If some energy still propagates through it, then it's extradimensional with respect to 1D/2D foam membranes. It represents a subtle portion of energy which propagates through underwater at the water surface, while absolute majority of energy propagates much slower along surface of water. Water surface can thus server as a low-dimensional analogy of 4D space-time in dense aether model.

Quote from Cydonia

Nor me not sure at all to belive in it.. However youspoke about the "ether" concept that Einstein also didn't believed in it ?

Einstein didn't actually dismiss aether in his Leyden lecture - he was just apparently clueless about it, because concept of superfluid wasn't know that time. I realized that luminiferous aether concept doesn't work when we consider it sparse gas PERVADING space - but it may work if we consider it very dense environment FORMING the space instead. I.e when spacetime behaves like water surface - not like the underwater or gas above water surface. Which is why I model EMDrive with box floating on water surface, where portion of energy in form of underwater turbulence can leak into an outside through underwater - i.e. via extradimensions of water surface so to say.

Quote from PhysicsForDummies

Under this theory the photons would keep bouncing and keep gaining weight forever.

This theory doesn't care how many times the photons bounce from walls, only few bounces are needed for to suffice some thrust. The more bounces, the better energy efficiency indeed.

Quote from PhysicsForDummies

Equal numbers bounce off the other side.

But only conical side provides the Brewster angle, polarization and spin during bouncing. The thrust is generated by conical shape, not by flat walls of EMDrive and the polarization of photons occurs during their bouncing which happens in one direction only. Bouncing of photons from flat side doesn't generate thrust, the ratio of flat sides area thus doesn't matter in this model.

This theory also explains results of White–Juday warp-field interferometer in proximity of EMDrive. When photons bounce from walls of EMDrive, then their spin abruptly changes direction but their momentum can not disappear due to Noether theorem. The rotation of vacuum passes the wall and it continues further in form of magnetic turbulence of vacuum like so called warp field. This warp field increases the speed of light waves in similar way, like turbulent water speeds up the propagation of surface ripples on water and the change in speed of light can be detected with interferometer. Therefore the EMDrive behaves like reactive engine of sort - it just ejects turbulent vacuum like jellyfish instead of stream of particles. It's dark matter generator in essence. This stream could be also detected by various scalar wave detectors, which would also detect dark matter.

Light waves spread like ripples in jelly or foam - when you squeeze it in one direction, then it expands in another, perpendicular one. But the plane of wiggling can still rotate, which gives spin to photons. Speed of light in vacuum is constant, therefore if light wave rotates, it propagates a bit slower into account of orbital motion. Therefore the photon with spin propagates slower than photon, which doesn't rotate. Therefore it propagates like massive particles with internal energy corresponding the inertia/momentum of internal orbital motion of light wave. During bouncing of light wave inside of EMDrive rezonator under Brewster angle the light wave gets polarized and it gains spin. Therefore the photons with bounce from internal walls are heavier than those, which arrive to it. This change of photon inertia must be thus compensated by change of momentum of EM Drive frustrum.

Quote from Cydonia

LIquid waves are circular when EM waves are perpendicular

Do you mean "transverse"? Both water ripples, both light waves are transverse waves. Scalar waves of Nicola Tesla and underwater sound waves are longitudinal waves.

Analogy of Shawyer's EMDrive should work also on water surface. You can imagine the resonator like the boat without bottom (bottomless wooden washtub so to say), which is floating at the water surface. From this perspective the EMDrive behaves like the conical barrier, floating at the water surface. Try to imagine, we are doing ripples & splashes inside this barrier, which are bouncing back and forth, but because they cannot leave the barrier, they wouldn't spread into outside. If we would neglect the (existence of) underwater, then the floating barrier couldn't propagate in any direction in similar way, like the classical physics predicts for EMDrive in vacuum. But the surface ripples also induce an underwater sound waves, which can escape beneath the barrier, and because it's wider at one end, the sound wave pressure will push it into reactive motion in opposite direction. The underwater sound waves also manifest itself like tiny turbulences at the water surface, which are speeding up the surface wave spreading.

According to this analogy what propels the EMDrive forward is the stream of scalar waves/dark matter particles, generated with magnetic turbulence from vacuum inside the resonator. It's invisible noise detectable only be SQUIDs and similar magnetic field detectors, but it still curves the space-time and as such it exhibits inertial mass. It can be therefore interpreted like the sparse worm hole and also volume area of negative energy in warp drive model of EMDrive. It generates mass density gradient (actually artificial gravity field) inside the resonator, which would propel the EMDrive forward. The scalar waves do behave like bubbles or turbulence of vacuum and the light should propagate faster in this environment, which can be detected by fringe shift of White–Juday interferometer.

In this connection it may be significant that, if the photons would be massless, they should always propagate with speed of light, isn't it true? But the experiments show us, it's not always true - the photons can be slowed down by their polarization (1, 2). The reason of this behavior is, the photons can gain the mass from their polarization (spin) - more info. Intuitively speaking, the energy introduced into their spin angular momentum travels together with photon and it doesn't depend on its wavelength with compare to intrinsic momentum of photons. So it behaves like the energy gaining rest mass of photons and it gives the photons ability to annihilate it during mutual interaction under violation of Newtonian laws.

See also: Photon mass drag and the momentum of light in a medium, Is the frustum EM Drive4 decelerating light for propellantless propulsion?

Instead of hydrino, prof. Holmlid speculates about dense hydrogen which would consist of chains of Rydberg matter. They're supposed to be stabilized with Casimir force, which is short distance analogy of dark matter force in dense aether model.

In this regard it may be significant that ‘Oumuamua asteroid is speculated to have highly elongated shape too. It may be composed of boulders, which would be stabilized into linear arrangement with dark matter effects. Such an object would interact strongly with dark matter too, so it would exhibit anomalous acceleration or changes in speed.

The Polyhymnia 33 asteroid can be composed of ruble of boulders of high surface/volume ratio with not dust between them. It can be also composed of elements rich of neutrons. Finally it may be charged by some nuclear processes running inside of it. All these effects would introduce effects which would complement gravity in tug of nearby massive bodies.

Strange, 'Never-Before-Seen' Asteroid Turns Out to Be Something Much More Common Earlier this month, astronomers
announced the discovery of something incredible - a brand new type of asteroid... with a tail. But in an update, the researchers
have announced their original classification was incorrect. The strange object is in fact a comet in disguise, although it doesn't really make it any less odd.

In my theory 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 global warming is linked to cloud of dark matter passing solar system. This cloud would affect path of asteroids which would be thus dragged into solar system. From dense aether model follows, that dark matter preferably affects objects with large surface/volume ratio, it's thus possible that deformed asteroids and their binaries are more prone to dark matter interaction. See also:

• Scientist still can't decide if Oumaumua was an asteroid or an alien craft
• New formation theory explains the mysterious interstellar object ‘Oumuamua
• Astronomers Just Identified 19 More Asteroids They Think Are Interstellar
• Meteor that blasted millions of trees in Siberia only 'grazed' Earth, new research says
• The Composition of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov Is Much More Alien Than We Thought
• There's Something Weird About the Craters of Asteroid Ryugu
• The Tunguska Explosion Could Have Been Caused By An Asteroid That Still Orbits The Sun
• Japan's asteroid-smashing probe reveals a surprisingly young space rock
• Dinosaur-dooming asteroid struck Earth at ‘deadliest possible’ angle

D. N. Galushkin at all: Atomic metallic hydrogen (AMH) is formed inside of sintered oxide-nickel electrodes of nickel-cadmium battery over a long period of electrochemical hydrogenation (more than five years). It was established that density AMH is 12 times higher, than the density of liquid molecular hydrogen, the specific energy of hydrogen recombination is 20 times higher than of liquid hydrogen-oxygen fuel. At the room temperature AMH is a good conductor, but not a superconductor.

The long-used nickel–cadmium batteries occasionally undergo thermal runaway, during which all electrolyte evaporates and the plastic body of the battery melts down in 2-4 minutes. It was demonstrated, that as a result of the thermal runaway of battery, large amounts of hydrogen are released (KSX-25 battery with the service period of over five years releases approximately 800 liters of hydrogen in this way). This result corresponds 13.4 wt% of hydrogen in nickel which exceeds the content of hydrogen in nickel hydride by 10 times, and for any reversible metal hydrides, including magnesium hydride or complex hydrides by 2 times. Experimental and theoretical works indicate, that combination with tetravalent atoms, as in the group-14 hydrides, may significantly lower the metalization pressure of hydrogen. Hydrogen in these materials is “chemically precompressed” by the presence of the group-14 atoms within crystal lattice.

Compare also The Reasons of Thermal Runaway in Nickel-Cadmium Batteries In a case of the thermal runaway initiation, a battery heats up till high temperature values; an electrolyte evaporates instantly; a battery plastic case melts and sometimes it catches fire or explodes depending on the battery case construction and material.On the basis of all the available experimental data in the paper, there was proved, that the thermal runaway is associated with a powerful exothermic reaction going within the battery (1, 2)

In the study Possibility of obtaining atomic metallic hydrogen by electrochemical method russian authors reportedly demonstrated, that the atomic metallic hydrogen (AMH) is formed inside of metal-ceramic oxide-nickel electrodes of nickel-cadmium battery over a long period of electrochemical hydrogenation (more than five years). The AMH was separated from nickel metal by electrochemical dissolution of metalceramic matrix in 22.6% sulfuric acid, and its properties were studied. It was established that density of AMH is 0.85 g cm-3, released specific energy of hydrogen recombination is 216 MJ kg-1 (?), resistivity is 1.5 ohm / cm, and AMH is not a superconductor at room temperature. The obtained parameters of AMH coincide with the theoretical values forecasted earlier.

NiCd KSX-25 battery for aircraft The KSX-25 battery operates in the mode of floating charge. Hence, it overcharges during most of the time. Considerable amount of AMH powder can be isolated only after three years of battery operation; and its maximal amount is achieved after five years of service life.

Quote from Cydonia

I concede this is a topic which excite all my curiosity, in a hurry to be in 2029 !

Now on theory side apart the hydrino or condensed nucleon way as explanation what could be in your mind the other options to explain the high density ?

In 2012, a study by Benoît Carry estimated a mass of (6.20±0.74)×10¹⁸ kg for Polyhymnia based on its gravitational influence on other Solar System bodies. However, given Polyhymnia's diameter of 54 km (34 mi), this mass implies an extremely high density 75.28±9.71 g/cm³. Such a high density is unphysical, so this mass and density estimate of Polyhymnia is considered unreliable by Carry in his study. Because of Polyhymnia's small size, its gravitational influence on other bodies is extremely difficult to detect and may lead to highly inaccurate mass and density estimates. No other study has attempted to determine a mass and density for Polyhymnia since.

My bet is, that we are facing observational error. If confirmed, then we may observe dark matter effect - but not from inside of asteroid but from outside of it. Dark matter forces massive body to behave cohesively, i.e. as more heavier than they actually are. Transuranium elements from island stability can hardly exist - we would observe them already at the Earth too. The same applies to hydrino too. But not all possibilities can be excluded.

The above arrangement may be interesting with respect of electron screening mechanism of cold fusion too: what would happen if we pack material like lithium hydride with free electrons attracted to material through some counter electrode? It's worth to note that Lipinski fusor used similar arrangement too.

Quote from Frogfall

I somehow doubt that there would be sufficient static positive "hole charge" in the diamond surface to create a corona in air

This is not a corona, i.e. permanent current discharge - but a cloud of free electrons, which are attracted to oxygen charges implanted beneath surface of diamond. In similar way like hungry hens crowded around feeder. I.e. the arrangement closely related to another finding discussed here: the vacuum capacitor. If this device is real, then J.F.Prins device may be also real. I also suspect it's behind antigravity effects like Hodowanec detector of dark matter and/or Biefeld-Brown effect/drive.

Quote from Alan Smith

Zephir_AWT - Thanks for the Link. I see Johan Prins wrote a charming comment below your reference to his work.

The newly revealed LK-99 superconductor can have close connection to Prins's theory. Multiple studies speculate, that this finding is real - which is controversial, because the accepted mainstream BCS theory can not explain even cuprates of much lower superconductor temperature. They mention stress of lattice as a probable culprit of room temperature superconductivity, which is essentially the Prins theory silently stolen.

Asteroid 33 Polyhymnia May Contain Elements Outside The Periodic Table about study Superheavy elements and ultradense matter

The asteroid is so dense, physicists say it could contain elements not yet seen on Earth. elements in the other theoretical island of nuclear stability near Z = 164, which we predict to populate mass density values between 36.0 and 68.4 g/cm³

One of many options is so-called hydrino, i.e. ultradense subquantum form of hydrogen, which is also speculated to form a substantial portion of dark matter.

Quote from Alan Smith

Johan Prins in his book 'The Physics Delusion' describes something very like a black EVO (actually black) inhabiting the inside of a superconductiong diamond. This is from memory- I'll see if I can turn up the quote.

IMO J.F.Prins refers to superconductive cloud of electrons above diamond surface attracted by oxygen ions implanted into diamond.