sveinol University of Iceland
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Posts by sveinol

    Dear Axil


    Theories can be made when you have measurements. So can you help Rohner to redesign his experiment in such a way that he is able to measure energy in and energy out in each pulse in order to see if there is a real extra anomalous energy needed to lift that piston. There is a big flaw in his setup that you can point out to him and you can also do a fast estimate if there is anomalous effect with help of the little data given in the video.


    So I will wait for your improvements in next post


    Greetings


    Sveinn

    Stephen pjs already asked this question, wakefield acceleration has been around for long time


    Interesting paper pjs


    They are using more focusing, shorter pulse 50 fs vs 9 ns and therefore almost 10000 times energy/cm2/ time and can therfore create a highly ionised H2 plasma


    They are not looking for the ions in the measurements they could replicate Leif Work in a new way if they included more diagnostic measurements for the ions and other particles


    Greetings


    Sveinn

    Hi Stephen


    From this paper I understand that:


    Rydberg Matter h(0) and d(0) is planar like a snowflake with atoms spaced 150 pm a little further apart than the bond length of H2 74 pm


    Rydberg matter p(1) and d(1) can be planar like a snowflake with atoms spaced 150 pm

    The ultra dense form h(1) and d(1) is paired atoms in a linear vortex with the paired atoms much closer about 2.3 pm.


    Can be paired atoms in a linear vortex yes


    Also that the two forms Rydberg Matter and ultra dense matter oscillate between their forms.


    They transform to each other but hardly oscillate


    Are these understanding still correct or have they been updated in the time since this paper was written in early 2014? If the ideas still stand could I ask a couple of questions about it?


    1. Since the Rydberg matter from and the ultra dense form are quite different. One planar the other linear. Is the mechanism for the change of state now understood?


    No measurements only give distance information macroscopic information is hard to obtain.


    2. Is the oscillation present even for a single flake of Rydberg matter? Or does it require a collection maybe a stack of multiple flakes which interact together to allow switching between these two forms


    Transformation mechanism is not known


    3. If there is an oscillation between these two forms do we know if there is a specific oscillation frequency and if so would you be able to say what it is?


    What is seen slow transformation of H(0) to H(1) when T or B is increased.


    4. Are the two states energetically equivalent, or does it need stimulus to maintain the oscillation?

    This is not oscillation


    5. is there a maximum length in terms of number of atom pairs that can occur for the ultra dense form?


    Not known


    6. Are the atom pairs in the Ultra dense form also 2.3pm apart from the adjacent pairs?


    Could be, but there is no way to relate the distance information to a 3D structure with 100% certainty.


    7. I understand the laser is needed to cause the switch to ultra dense form. Does the laser have any part to play in the continued oscillation between states or is it only to collect the Rydberg matter and cause the initial compression and transition to ultra dense form ?


    Laser probably creates the H(0) material yes, oscillation no.


    8. Are there specific characteristics to the laser application apart from its frequency that are relevant? For example, minimum intensity , duration of laser pulses repetition frequency and number of pulses?


    There are no such specific parameters I think.


    best regards
    Stephen

    Hi Eric


    Leif is reporting energy in the units of MeV/u which can not be regarded as energy unit until the mass of the measured particle has been correctly assigned. Helium (alpha) can easily be ruled out since has short range in any material. This is however not easy task and Leif is improving the methods. I agree that you need to bring other labs into this study to see if there are really mesons created in this process.


    Greetings
    Sveinn

    Hi Eric


    Leif is measuring in his last papers (2015) a flux of particles at three locations up to 2m away from the spot where the laser hits the D(0) p(0) material.
    So on his oscillascope he is seeing three current-time traces that provides at every time the total induced electric current created by the flux of particles that is penetrating all collectors one by one. (going through thick metal foils)
    The experiment gives only calibrated timing information of group of particles that changes in flight since laser pulse start.
    For example in the last collector he measures higher current than in the preceding collector and at almost same arrival time!
    This can only occur if particles in the group had decayed to new faster particles?
    Also neutral particle can decay to charged one.
    He is not measuring any energy in this experiment only timing, decay times and changing flux.


    Not very sophisticated detector system but, you can get a lot of information with this simple arrangement he has built.


    Greetings
    Sveinn

    Hi Sveinn, thank you for making yourself available for questions. I have two:


    1. What steps have you taken to validate to your own satisfaction that Leif Holmlid's measurements are not misinterpreted, and to what extent are you simply taking what he has reported at face value?


    You can always misinterpret experimental results since you overlooked an alternative explanation, it depends on the mind of the researcher how open he is too new things i.e Psychology. So obviously I am more of the open minded scientist but currently I have no reason to doubt Leif in his primary assessment that there is ultra dense hydrogen found in his experiments. What it is we are just barely beginning to uncover.

    2. Holmlid has reported a charged particle current. He appears to be using a spectrometer of his own making. Do you have any details about how he is able to calibrate it? Typically spectrometers are calibrated using standard sources of radioactivity, e.g., alpha emitters of known decay energy. I do not see how his setup can be calibrated using such a procedure, but perhaps I have missed an important detail.


    This is not so fancy, digital oscilloscope saving current traces is all is needed, no spectrometer except if you can call lifetime measurement a spectrometer. Digital oscilloscope has very nice time accuracy.

    Continuing where I left from,,,


    5. Have other materials of similar nuclear mass been used for the Catalyst and Target? And was any difference in behaviour observed? (Its speculative but I'm wondering if elements or isotopes similar to but different to the naturally active materials have an impact) If so:
    a) I understand Iron is used in the Catalyst has it been tried with purified isotopes such as purified Fe56 or Fe58 only?
    b) I understand Nicekl is used in the Target has it been tried with purified isotopes such as purified Ni58 or Ni62 only?
    c) Have either the target or Catalyst been tried with dopants of close but different elements such as Manganese or Cobalt or Copper or others?
    d) Does the Catalyst need to be an Oxide or does pure Iron work as well with different results?
    e) Does the Catalyst only work with the Potassium Present and do other contaminants such as Sulphur, Chlorine or Argon or others effect its performance.


    I suppose differences chemically similar or different materials or dopants would also be interesting.


    f) Does the experiment work with Targets that are not in the Group 10 transition Metals
    g) Are there other chemically efficient catalysts


    I guess you didn't understand the catalytic section of my talk it is no fancy stuff


    surface + 2D electron gas (electrons from Alkali metals) and Hydrogen arriving is needed to form Rydberg atom that can condense into Rydberg matter of Hydrogen, Thats it !


    the surface can be metal and insulator since catalytic activity depends on combination of favourable surface processes that can come from both type of surfaces. Some alloys can not be doped by alkali metals to form 2D electron states on the surface.


    This is standard surface physics or surface chemistry depending on who is practicing this. No fancy dark stuff needed so far:-)

    6. In terms of energetics do you see a slow increase of energy generating the effect or a sudden burst of energy being required?


    The feeble laser 10ns, 100mw pulse is the sole initiator of this if he is hitting different amount of p(o) or d(0) the correlated amount of particle current is generated.


    7. In usual high energy Nuclear Physics experiments such as DAPhiNE Kaons are produced (either directly or indirectly from Phi Mesons I'm not sure about the exact process) with high energy electron or proton beams interacting with a Nucleon in and Nucleus to cause Nucleon resonance which then allows Mesons and if the energy is high enough for Kaons to be produced. Photogeneration of Kaons using high energy Gamma can also have a similar effect. Very High energies are required for the processes, however, of the order of 1 GeV.
    a) Do you see a similar high energy photo generation or particle impact process going on in your experiment?
    b) Do you suggest that collective behaviour and entanglement is enabling excitement of a nucleon to sufficient energy to spawn the Mesons?


    The laser is so feeble it can not excite anything on the scale of meson, so the energy to create a meson has to come from the fusion energy or from the proton/neutron in p(0) or d(0)
    Is fancy dark stuff needed here? I don´t know lets wait for further confirmation since unstable-able proton is something that is not of current consensus in the particle physics world.


    But if you think of it, free proton is stable, that is known with arbitrary precision


    The research questions: Can you entangled 2 protons? Are they then stable? has never been addressed theoretically or experimentally by the nuclear physics community

    If so could this also generate the large quantities of Kaons seen above?


    c) If not it would suggest the possibility of some other process is generating the Mesons in large quantities perhaps directly from the SPP of sufficient accumulated energy as has been mentioned by Axil.
    d) Do you have some other mechanism in mind and would you be able to share the idea?


    SPP ? Is as good guess as anyone at this stage since further experimental confirmation and data is completely lacking,


    I can give this cryptic Rossi style answer to what mechanism we are browsing it is not "dark" it is "weak" :)


    8. I understand that the preparation of the catalyst and fuel took a long time.
    a) was this due to the preparation of the Catalyst to form suitable surfaces and structures to stimulate Rydberg Matter formation?
    b) was this due to the time for H or D absorption?
    c) was this due to the time for Rydberg Matter Formation?
    d) was this due to the production of SPP on the UDD? (Or does this only appear later if so how long does it take for a suitable SPP to form with out stimulation)


    Once again


    open the can of the container fetch the Fe2O3:K pellet and you have a Rydberg matter generator for p(1) and d(1) ,that´s it!


    getting p(0), d(0) from p(1) and d(1) is done by the laser initially.


    Graphite can also do this according to older papers of Leif.


    Greetings


    Sveinn

    I can try to answer these questions some there is no possibility to answer since I am in Iceland and Leif did these measurements.


    1. In the test under laser stimulation Kaons were observed.
    a) Were these also observed when spontaneous emission occurred?

    Possibly yes, but hard to perform such measurements due to weak signal


    b) If not were less energetic mesons observed or other less energetic particles or phenomena.
    c) Were Kaons also observed under the artificial light stimulation?
    Same answer
    d) Were there any other particular differences between the stimulated and spontaneous emission characteristics
    Intensity of signal.


    2. The source of the mesons is identified as the Rydberg Matter in particular the Dueterium or Hydrogen. Is it strongly clear if the Mesons all come from the Rydberg Matter itself or does it comes from in part the catalyst or the target itself? I appreciate the different lifetime 52 ns for Hydrogen and 26 or 12 ns for Deuterium may indicate a strong fuel relationship.


    Rydberg matter d(1), p(1) is not doing this, it is the transformed form of it who is doing this the d(0), p(0) state.
    Lifetime of Hydrogen ??? you mean lifetime of generated particle?


    3. It is indicated that on laser stimulation the Mesons were generated in huge numbers in a burst, there has been some speculation about the mechanism based on this so it would be interesting to know if there is particular characteristics that would support one or other of them. Was there any indication about the distribution of their generation. was there for example:


    a) an initial low amount followed by a fast ramp up to maximum?
    b) an initial maximum amount with a slow decline?
    c) a single burst of Kaons with identical energy?


    Please note that I am not co-author of the Kaon results, but production rate of p(0) or D(0) is controlled by many simple factors, T target, laser intensity and time since gas application. One laser shot gives current of particles not individual particles.

    4. Was there any indication of Pions being generated before the Kaons were observed?


    Impossible to tell you need sophisticate detector ( CERN? ) to be able to resolve such questions, Here total particle charged current is being measured which has its limitations.

    More answers later S.Ó.

    My first interpretation is that picture a deuteron nucleus sitting at Ni surface very close to a Ni nucleus. The force acts on both nuclei with period variation that entangles these nuclei in one composite quantum state when this entanglement is broken by the harsh environment the system is more likely to end in the lower energy state that is, the neutron is now inside the Ni nucleus.


    The other picture is more classical the neutron leaks out of the nuclei with help of the force travels short distance and is captured by the surrounding nuclei


    May the force be with you....
    Sveinn

    Holmlid has suggested that Rydberg matter in space is just something that we call Dark matter


    This may be true. The Rydberg matter supports superconductivity(SC). This SC gives mass to photons in the way that the Higgs field gives mass to particles.



    Another option is, Rydberg matter is a "dark matter" due to the fact that it hardly absorbs any light, see Holmlid´s paper


    http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2002MNRAS.333..360B

    Thanks for your reply Sveinn. I was wondering if electron spin ordering and charge ordering effects were important in Rydberg matter formation or if the Rydberg matter state itself was affected in some way and if the external field could disrupt this process. If so then may be having the Rydberg matter form in a null field perhaps if the heater coil is counter wound or inside the center of some kind of quadropole may have some advantage. But if I understand right your answer the flux of Rydberg atoms is more important and the Rydberg matter would form regardless of the external magnetic field anyway. Is this correct?



    [SO] I expect only secondary effects of magnetic field, You can not from Rydberg matter first without forming a Rydberg atom, Hydrogen atom in 1s state is not going to link up into a Rydberg matter cluster.


    if electron charge and spin order is important in Rydberg matter this link might be interesting:


    http://www.spacedaily.com/repo…damental_Physics_999.html


    It is about charge and spin order States in certain crystals (not Rydberg matter) and indicates they found some common behaviour with the formation of charge and spin ordered States in correlated electrons that depended on pressure. I wonder if this could also be relevant to Rydberg matter formation?


    [SO] This paper is very nice paper about charge density waves and how they form as due interaction of the electrons or electron correlations, Rydberg matter is much more correlated and Ultra dense hydrogen can only exist due to this correlation that I suspect leeds to entanglement.


    Once the Rydberg matter has formed does it have a certain life time or would it degenreate into free Hydrogen after a certain time or under certain thermal or pressure conditions?


    [SO] If Rydberg matter is not disturbed in any way by foreign gas species it should live forever. Holmlid has suggested that Rydberg matter in space is just something that we call Dark matter the missing material mass in the Universe, not a bad idea.


    Could Rydberg Matter degenerate by external influence of a magnetic field? Or could an external magnetic field once the Rydberg matteris already formed be of benefit to UDD production or LENR?


    [SO] I don´t think so, formation I don´t see a mechanism other than surface is needed and Ni is magnetic, Pd has high magnetic susceptibility (magnetic fluctuations).


    Does the Rydberg matter only form in certain temperature and pressure ranges?


    [SO] Rydberg atom is a state were electron can be excited up 13.6 eV before it is a free electron. Converting that to temperature results in 13.6/0.025*300 ~ 5000K temperature.
    This simple argument indicates that 2000K is Ok for Rydberg matter.


    Could SSM depend on the time that the Rydberg matter or UDD is present or the Rydberg matter in in a particular coherent charge or spin order state?[/quote]


    [SO] SSM???


    Greetings


    Sveinn



    SO "The sources give a slowly decaying muon signal for several hours and days after being used for producing H(0)" The sources are the catalytic Fe2O3:K pellets that have received D2gas exposure that is not renewed. That is the slow decay.


    Greetings Sveinn, Sveinnn

    Thanks for answering. I've thought of this: many LENR experiments include a heating coil / solenoid around a core composed of more or less densely packed ferromagnetic powder or a solid metallic bar. For all intents and purposes this is not unlike an electromagnet, and the magnetic field on the core can be relatively strong (typically 0.75-1 T) below its Curie temperature, provided enough coil turns and current applied. It might be thus quite interesting knowing how exactly Rydberg matter interacts and evolves with it.


    Perhaps a simple test for garage experimenters could be trying to see if there is a discontinuity in long term pressure decrease (primarily due to Rydberg matter formation, assuming no pressure leak or diffusion of hydrogen through external surfaces) by first keeping temperature below the Curie temperature of said magnetic core, then raising it not significantly above it.


    I see your point now, and you have suggested a possible experiment, Can you do it ?


    Note that local field can be higher than the average, large magnetic field can also be fluctuating on nanoscale in a wide frequency range with total B=0


    is that helping the formation more than a stable magnetic field?


    Greetings


    Sveinn

    Hi Sveinn,


    I enjoy very much reading your posts and thanks a lot for sharing your knowledge and experience with us.


    Do you know if Rydberg matter forms better in an external magnetic field either static or dynamic or in a Null Magnetic field i.e. shielded from or removing the effect of the earths magnetic field fro example? I'm wondering if the magnetic field somehow helps the formation or if it instead interferes with coherent correlated spin and charge order states forming and if this plays a part in Rydberg Matter formation?


    The effect of applied external magnetic field is relative low compared to a say magnetic film were the field can become locally quite strong.
    The orbit of Rydberg electrons create small magnetic field but most common effect of magnetic field is that electron energy levels split.


    Formation of Rydberg matter is mostly affected by the intensity of incoming flux of Rydberg atoms and that should not be affected by magnetic field.


    Sveinn