Posts by zenner

Tried to use nylon tubing in vacuum reactor, and there seems to be slow leak, and started to suspect that nylon might be problematic due to being hygroscopic, and thus leaking water vapor in low pressure environment. Is there some other plastic tube type that would work, since i like the flexibility of plastic compared to metal pipes. Or is nylon ok after initially giving off some vapor?

Well got the nickel carbonate, it was fine green powder, and tried mixing with some vinegar, it takes a few hours while co2 bubbles off, and then you get clear green liquid that is nickel acetate, and that can be used to nickel coat.

Yes, I made order from one pottery firm, only problem with them is that there is no spec about purity, it is just "nickel carbonate".

I live in Finland, and just tried to buy nickel carbonate from Finnish chemistry/laboratory stuff seller, who refused, because they suspect that i do not have proper laboratory and a person that is hired as "chemical security expert". So does this apply to all Europe? Which country do you recommend where i should move to be able to buy simple chemicals like that? Any recommendations where to buy that stuff from the net?

So to avoid explosion the first rule seems to be to avoid red hot temperatures. Then it does not matter if there is some oxygen in the mix. Tried using titanium wire, that absorbed hydrogen nicely. Or could have been just the oxide layer sucking hydrogen? Anyway, hopefully can produce pure hydrogen by first soaking heated titanium wire in "dirty" hydrogen, then using vacuum to suck gas out, and then heating the wire to release pure hydrogen. Works?

One possible reason for explosion was that I had rather long tube connecting hydrogen bubbling part to the jar, so there was possibility of oxygen staying in the cold lower part of the tube, and gradually increasing until contacting the hot upper part and then bang. So if there is just roundish jar with hot wire near bottom creating mixing gas flow, then probably does not explode.

Then maybe should use something else than nickel as base metal, that does not absorb hydrogen? (well maybe all metals do absorb)

What kind of loading ratio can be achieved by loading palladium with deuterium gas at high temp? Sounds odd that loading stops reaction.

Avoiding too high temperatures seems to be working... Did about two weeks run without explosions.

btw, according to Elon Musk "first principles" should be used, but how to apply that to cold fusion? Or what are the fundamental principles of cold fusion?

Maybe should add one more car part: knock sensor or some piezo that could estimate max pressure if/when explosion happens

The explosions i saw sounded like hydrogen-oxygen explosion, and were not very powerful, but managed to kick the glass jar lid open and break some weak 3d printed parts. At least one was logged for current and temp once per second, basically there was nothing unusual and then temp dropped due to opened jar.

I read a physics book "Fundamental University Physics: Quantum and Statistical Physics Volume III" and that gave me the idea about thermionic emission. Still have not tried to actually calculate if that is relevant.

There is also stuff about hydrogen, recommend reading that before starting to talk about condensed state of hydrogen.

About filtering water vapor with paper: what prevents the paper from getting wet and then vapor leaks to the other side? Was that measured to work?

I could try to measure oxygen. Not sure about plasma flashback etc., how to detect? I'm not interested in things that cannot be measured

Current setup: There is K2CO3 water below, and anode is separated from cathode so that anode bubbles oxygen out of the system, and cathode bubbles H2 into reaction jar. Then I have hot wire (for example nickel) and I heat the wire with current after the jar is filled with hydrogen. I start by filling jar with water to make sure there is no oxygen.

One possibility for oxygen is some overpotential in cathode, is that possible?

Another possibility is electrolysis of water vapor, but that would require high voltage I guess.

Also thought about using car oxygen sensor (lambda sensor) to directly measure.

Yes but where does the oxygen come from? I have been separating oxygen and hydrogen, so there should be no oxygen in the reaction jar, but still sometimes explodes, and i think with high temp, like 700 C. There is also some ignition temperature limit for the mix, once it has been created.

Switching off makes sense if switch or wire gap is in contact with the gas, since typically switch off creates short high voltage spike due to inductance.

I have seen some explosions while doing cold fusion tests, and now I think the reason could be thermionic electron emission from the hot metal combined with some water vapor, that is coming from hydrogen electrolysis. So water -> oxygen -> explosion. Is this possible, i.e. how much energy is in the electrons emitted vs. H2O molecule splitting energy? If possible, what is the critical temperature for this to happen?

One possible error source is the pressure inside the tube. If pressure changes, thermal resistance changes and the formula does not give correct answer. But if nothing moves and pressure is the same, just measuring one point should be ok?

In parkhomov translated paper, there is curve power vs. temperature, and it has been fitted to polynomial with terms for temp difference and also for absolute temp for T^4. Compared to Stefan-Bolzmann law, there is rather big difference in the coefficient for T^4, is that error or what should the curve look like theoretically? (or actually the area of the object must be used to scale, then t^4 coeff makes more sense).

Tried decomposing the curves:

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/new…rlds-most-heat-resistant/

Looks like it is impossible to go over 4000 C in temperature, everything melts?

Found the thermal ionization graph for hydrogen:

But i think this is dependent on density of the gas?

But how about resistance of plasma vs. temperature, i.e gas is heated with resistor or whatever external heat source, and resistance is measured with small current? Does the gas become ionized at some temp? What kind of curve does that make?

Negative dynamic resistance means only that when increasing voltage in a plasma device, the current is first very small or almost zero, but at some breakdown point increases and typically voltage drops as resistance decreases with increasing current. Clearly the R=V/I is always positive.