This problem of apparent negative heat never observed remind me the critic of Wilson, that anyway Fleischmann accepted in case, showing it did not change the results.
What is amazing is that if CCS is true, why no engineer of chemis or physicists is investigating on that phenomenon that may be of critical interest in electrochemistry, in powerplant.
this phenomenon if confirmed is rewriting all pas results of calorimetry.
people don't understand that CCS is more challenging for science than LENR.
LENR is simply nuclear reaction is condensed matter.
Nuclear energy is about 80 years old, and the physics associated was stabilized in the 50s.
Condensed matter is something still very immature, probably started with semiconductors, that started to be understood in the 50s.
CCS is challenging calorimetry, based on thermodynamic and heat flow equations which are more than 120 year old.
It is clear the phenomenon is emotional/socio(il)logical not rational.
LENR is simply the less challenging answer to observations.
The problem is that it is challenging, not 120 years of lower science and engineering, but finest experts in leading edge science, the particle physicists.
Occam with his razor proposed to keep the simplest explanation, but if you estimate the simplicity to the cost of accepting it, and you integrate in the cost the sociological cost, then clearly it is simpler to imagine that engineers and chemist were wrong since centuries, and that physicists were right despite all evidence. Evidence are cheaper to deny than academic hierarchy.
I did not invent this hierarchy, it is just JP Biberian who in a conference explained the hierarchy of science.
Basically it is from purest and simplest science, to complex and dirty science: first particle physics, physics theory, then material physics, then chemistry, then electrochemistry. Lower than electrochemistry is there biochemistry and then biology...
Second hierarchy is budget, and third hierarchy is from academic to national lab then to corporate science, to finish in private labs and hobbist science.
There is also an ethnological hierarchy (call that US centrism , racism, and Morrison expressed numerously)
LENR is violating this hierarchy with such anomalies :
- lower scientist have found an anomaly in higher scientists theory
- lower scientist have reached a practical result that higher and more budgeted science have not reached
- anomaly without a theory hare reached a success that science with theory did not reach
- higher scientists did not find an explanation to what lower scientist have explained
- retired scientist have found what paid scientist cannot explain
- small science succeeded where big science failed to
- UK scientists succeeded where paid academic failed
- Utah, Texas found where California and Boston failed
- National labs replicate"d what caltech and MIT failed to
- India succeeded where US dominant labs failed (or believed thei failed, because many have succeeded)
consequence is that this cannot be true, and thus :
- higher scientist and their theory are right, and all that follow is a consequence.
- lower scientist and their experiments are wrong
- since higher scientist cannot be wronger than lowest, if lower scientists have evidence that cannot be explained by an artifact, this artifact exist, QED.
- if artifact (eg ccs) cannot exist according to lower scientist theory, this theory is wrong.
- if artifact (eg heat above chemistry) cannot exist according to higher scientist theory, then lowe scientists have done fraud.
- if higher scientist have done errors in their explanations of artifac (eg caltech), thent they are not wrong and their claims stay.(ie nature/Science don't retract)
- if higher scientist have done frauds in their experiments (eg MIT), then they are not wrong (ie nature/Science don't retract)
the same arguments stand also for ethnological and budget hierarchy.
This explains how BARC and Bockris results were ignored and insulted while Caltech failure and MIT fraud stand immaculate.
this theory match the observation.