So true. Technology is the least of the problems that small startups have to deal with. Even Edison got shafted by J. P. Morgan and lost all his work on electricity to Morgan. You got to give Rossi credit for both his technical and business acumen. He is such a mensch(FYI "a person of integrity and honor." ), don't you think? The more we know him, the more we love him. He is a great hero of humanity. Doesn't he make your feminine heart swoon?
axil
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Posts by axil
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@Maryhugo
The CIA reference was my mistake. The agency was NASA. Defkalion (DGT) was done in by the Greek financial problems. Hadjichristos is heavily into Greek politics.
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Gamma rays, if produced in quantity, would not be all that useful, as they are penetrating and therefore hard to thermalize.
Yet, early on, Rossi said that ALL of the excess heat generated by the ecat came from thermalization of gammas. He supposedly included lead in the ecat to accomplish this amazing feat. How soon people forget what I call rossifiction. I am sure you will say he only claimed this to mislead his competition! Hey, it worked. Defkalion went belly up.
Nor was Rossi at all tentative about this. In his illustrious and now world renown Journal of Nuclear Physics, (ROTFWL) he said:
QuoteAndrea Rossi
August 23rd, 2011 at 9:52 AM
Dear Erik Ander:
We produce gamma rays, and our energy comes from their thermalization.
Warm Regards,
A.R.Rossi has improved his technology from 2011. Heat is required to establish a quantum tunneling connection between the nuclear reaction and the mechanism for thermalization of gammas. Rossi runs the reactor hot now and gammas go away.
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Try to coat your SS surface with a layer of soot from a candle. Lithium might not penetrate the soot because soot repels liquids of all sorts.
See my post above on this thread on THE DEPOSITION OF PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE.
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You said:
"What if Lithium, as a penetrating corrosive agent (especially in the case of Nickel), is accelerating the embrittlement/corrosion process so that eventually, yet at a quicker rate than normal, the right nanoscale structures can appear on the metal?"
This is a good observation. This fits in with the fuel preprocessing that Rossi has done as seen in the Lugano test. The 100 micron nickel particle that the preprocess method produces is covered with lithium throughout its entire surface area. During preprocessing, the application of lithium at high temperatures might erode the surface of the nickel particle(S) to form nanocavities as happens in palladium at high hydrogen loading levels. Maybe the crack idea of Ed Storms holds merit.
Parkhomov uses a low quality powder with lots of carbon on the surface. Lithium processing might erode that carbon and leave nano cavities on the surface of the nickel powder as occurs in palladium at high hydrogen loading. Maybe the Russian nickel powder is good because it is so poor in production. A powder with abundant carbon content might be the best type of powder to use.
Furthermore, the surface of the nickel powder becomes saturated with lithium to the point where lithium is no longer consumed in nickel alloying. When the reaction begins with LAH, lithium is no longer consumed and remains free and available for the LENR reaction to use.
Another thing that could be happening in the high carbon surface preprocessing of Russian nickel powder is that lithium carbide is formed on the surface of the powder. This lithium compound might produce both lithium and hydrogen Rydberg matter during the reaction stage through a desorption process at the surface of the particle right where the rydberg matter is most needed.
However the particle preprocessing step can produce 1 nanometer cavities on the surface of the nickel particles as exists in iron oxide(rust) is good.
Mizono uses an arc discharge to pit his substrate.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MizunoTmethodofco.pdf
Page 14 shows what nickel looks like after Mizono preprocesses his nickel or palladium surface with arc discharge. A rough and pitted surface is best in a catalyst.
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Thanks again Axil. That system would indeed be good for a visual inspection of the inside of a LENR reactor. However, it wouldn't work if one wants to take IR temperature measurements, such as in our case. In that instance, you'll need a ZnSe lens. I've attached a .pdf file showing what an IR picture looks like when viewed through quartz and ZnSe lenses.
In an earlier post, you mentioned a CIA report on DGT. Can you provide us with a copy or link to that file?
http://ecatnews.com/wp-content…of-Visit-to-Defkalion.pdf
Executive Summary of visit to Defkalion Headquarters, Athens Greece March 2 n d – 6th March 7th, 2012 Michael A. Nelson ER22 NASA-MSFC
The catalyst was potassium carbonate.
I strongly suspect that Rossi is using a potassium catalyst in this 1 megawatt plant. He could not patent that catalyst because it was included in the thermocore patent and is now open source.
I also believe that Rossi gave out the LAH lithium based catalyst info to divert the replicators away from potassium. In this he has succeeded.
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I read that carbon is corroded by lithium, but as always the devil is in the details.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/s…cle/pii/S0008622313009998
Quote:
" Microstructural analysis of the samples revealed the poor corrosion resistance of high density and low density graphite and severe attack was observed at several places on the surface. On the other hand, glassy carbon and pyrolytic graphite were relatively inert, while pyrolytic graphite showed the best corrosion resistance"
pyrolytic graphite is deposited using high temperature disposition of a hydrocarbon gas on a substrate.
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/607829.pdf
THE DEPOSITION OF PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE
Candle soot is pyrolytic graphite
http://phys.org/news/2015-10-c…thium-batteries.html#nRlv
New research shows candle soot can power the lithium batteries in electric cars
The soot from candles will repel just about any liquid. It will be used in lithium car batteries to protect the anode from lithium corrosion.
It might be worth an experiment fo see if candle soot can protect and preserve lithium from depletion due to combining with the materials used inside the LENR reactor.
There was a great deal of carbon in the fuel mix in the Lagano test. Was it soot?
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@axil: could you please indicate where iridium is being mentioned in the context of these iron oxide catalysts?
From:
Heat generation above break-even from laser-induced fusion in ultra-dense deuterium
Note: The term "Ir" means iridium.
QuoteDue to the requirements of no internal heating and efficient energy collection from the laser induced fusion process, simplifications in the previous construction19,22 were needed. These simplifications implied degrading the performance, for the sake of correct energy measurements. The main change was the removal of the target structure, thus removing the possibility to store ultra-dense deuterium for subsequent laser probing at higher densities, as used previously. Instead, a simplified source (just a steel tube) was augmented with a small holder for a piece of Ir metal at its end. D2 gas was leaked in through the tube, passing over catalyst pieces located inside the tube, and reaching the Ir metal piece which acted as a target at the laser focus in the center of the Cu cylinder. See Fig. 1. This design means that the visible plasma formed was much smaller than in previous experiments.7,19,22 However, the variation in plasma intensity with laser focus position on the Ir piece was relatively small, simplifying the needed temperature rise measurements lasting 8-10 minutes for each point. It is worth noting that this situation is far from the expected use for energy generation, where one-shot conditions may be assumed to be chosen. Here, the average over 4800 - 6000 laser shots during 8-10 minutes is observed, thus under very different conditions than in likely future energy producing applications.
I also found this article that explains how the Rydberg matter catalysts work.
Maybe you might be kind enough to explain this article to me in simple terms.
First-principles studies on K-promoted porous iron oxide catalysts
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Release of this information will be a non event. Co disposition produced the LENR reaction 100% of the time. When those results were released, nothing happened.
Rossi is right, when there is a must have LENR product on the market, then people will take notice.
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There is a role to play for iridium as a substrate. Iridium holds the iron powder and must produce some effect. What is that effect? If Iridium is replaced by other material, will the Holmlid reaction still work?
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Display More
Louis DeCharios news could be most interesting for you! You should read it.
"We have run materials simulations (also known as Density Functional Theory simulations) on our best guess of Rossi’s alloy material. It satisfies all the conditions given above, while pure Nickel does not."
"Hopefully, we will be able to get all the details of this material released for publication to the general public over the next few weeks."
It seems like instead of pure Nickel only certain alloys of Nickel and other elements act as LENR catalysts.
From the Lugano report, we know that Rossi preprocessed 5 micron COTS nickel particles with lithium to produce 100 micron sintered nickel particles whose surface was coated with lithium. The surface of these 100 micron fuel particles were processed to form a lithium nickel alloy that completely saturated the surface of the nickel with lithium. Because of saturation, when the LNH decomposed during the test run, no additional lithium alloying occurred.
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A jester, court jester or fool was historically an entertainer who during the mediaeval and Renaissance eras was a member of the household of a nobleman employed to entertain him and his guests. A fool was also an itinerant performer who entertained common folk at fairs and markets. These fools are also modern day entertainers who resemble their historical counterparts. They ply there trade on the internet, where they are allowed to perform through the suffrage of their hosts on the digital stage in a ridiculous manner by the site administrator to show how the administrator is tolerant of opposing opinions and outrageous behavior. Fools in medieval times are often thought to have worn brightly coloured clothes and eccentric hats in a motley pattern and their modern counterparts usually mimic this costume. In medieval times fools who oftentimes were misshapen midgets interesting in the degree of their grotesquery entertained with a wide variety of skills: principal ones included songs, music, and storytelling; additional ones included acrobatics, juggling, telling jokes, and magic. Much of the entertainment was performed in a comic style and many fools made contemporary jokes in word or song about people or events well known to their audiences at the expense of their sponsors. Modern day fools entertain using a wide variety of skills drawn from the same bag of tricks involving sarcasm, irritability, rancor, rudeness, sarcasticness, vitriolicism, obnoxious criticism and ill mannered belittlement of their hosts and benefactors. The more things change, the more they are the same.
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@axil: most ceramics are probably incompatible with liquid elemental (pure) lithium. This includes yttria, zirconia and likely mixtures thereof. See this from the previously linked document:
High temperature lithium corrosion seems to be presenting a major problem in material engineering of the LENR ceramic tube reactor. Using a metal tube is problematical because lithium dissolves metals through a voracious alloying process and ceramics are short lived because lithium readily combines with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon until a saturation point is reached. When a lot of lithium is needed that saturation point might not occur until after the ceramic tube has failed.
I would bet that Rossi is trying to find a lithium resistant material for the tube of his new the E-Cat-X reactor. Very high operating temperatures that the E-Cat X is running at makes lithium vapor corrosion intense.
One solution to this very difficult high temperature corrosion problem might be to uses a ceramic that contains lithium that has already reached the saturation level. "LITHIUM DISILICATE GLASS" might be resistant to lithium corrosion. A test of this material that is an alternative ceramic material used in dental crowns might be worth testing for high temperature lithium corrosion resistance.
http://sgiglass.com/ is a supplier and fabricator of this material. Such a fabricator might be tasked to produce a tube made from this material.
This solution might be out of the price range of the typical replicator.
Another idea is to use this glass as a surface coating just a few nanometers thick on both the inside and outside of a refractory metal tube using vapor disposition. Because we would be using a minimum of bulk material this method would not cost too much to do if the replicator can do it himself. The expansion of the coating would need to match the expansion coefficient of the refractory metal that is being used(tungsten?).
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We don't continuously record visual images inside the reactor, because the IR camera would overheat, and we so may have missed these phenomenon during reaction events. However, it looks pretty normal at other times.
For proton and any other large format LENR reactor developer.
The fiber based camera with a high temperature resistant lens is the ideal solution when you are looking for a clear and reliable video image of high temperature (3,500º F/1926º C) environments, such as boilers, furnaces, kilns, incinerators and float tanks. It is a high temperature remote combustion viewing system.
Quartz Objective Lens: The objective lens of the FireSight is made of quartz, a material that offers a much higher resistance to high temperatures and to scratches than glass, therefore giving you a longer work life
FireSight High-Temperature Remote Combustion CCTV Systems
http://www.abqindustrial.com/firesight/When you get some additional funds for R&D equipment, this might prove to be a wise investment.
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@axil: I think it's best to leave Lugano alone for now. I believe at some point we will find out that it worked in a completely different way than previously thought, like for example that the active material was the ceramic tube itself (à la Nernst Lamp) and not the powder contained inside of it.
What you say does not follow... The isotopic transmutation of nickel and lithium show LENR activity in the ash. Unlike some who believe that Rossi planted this ash, I doubt that such an ash scam is possible.
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@Gerard McEk : Thanks.
By the wording and the steps involved it's hinted that it's not just plain nickel powder, but some sort of processed catalytic nickel powder such as Raney Nickel or Urushibara Nickel. Patent attorney David French from ColdFusionNow also somewhat agrees with this interpretation. Catalytic Ni powder would be better suited at splitting hydrogen than ordinary Ni powder.
The description of the fuel from the Lugano test shows nickel particle processing. There is a micrograph of a processed nickel particle in that fuel analysis.
That micrograph in the fuel analysis appendix shows a collection of 5 micron COTS nickel particles that are sintered together into a massive 100 micron particle. This fuel preprocessing step speaks to the fact that a very wide range of particles sizes is best: from 100 microns down to below 5 microns. This size range is important because of the way electrons interact with aggregations of particles. Big particles act as antennas that pull EMF power from in the environment. Like a sharp tip on an electrode, the small particles amplify that power to pump energy into surface electrons, these heavy electrons are what rips hydrogen appart. L&W theory has this right.
The key to success is to supply metal particles of all sizes from very big to very small. These particles will generate fast electrons and those electrons will rip apart hydrogen. This is what nanoplasmonics teaches and I have all the references that prove it if anybody is interested.
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There is major issue that we have to solve.
Lithium is trapped on the alumina surface and even destroying it. This mean we have to find the material that can be used and can't react with lithium.
This material still have to stand high temperatures without oxidation. Without a proper construction we can't be successfull and LiH decomposition will not happen.On the other hand, when it is made from a steel, pressure measurement is not possible so easily as it can damage manometer.
A yttria-stabilized zirconia tube is chemically inert and may tolerate lithium well. Yes, it is somewhat more expensive, but you must pay a little bit more for superior performance. This type of tube is a no hassle replacement for the alumina tube; no fabrication required.
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The bottom line is that Rossi probably didn't use nickel at all in his first E-Cat experiments.
Way back when I first started to track Rossi in late 2011. I remember Ed Storms saying that Rossi first became interested in LENR and nanoparticles when working with oil reprocessing. I saw the comment on Vortex. The process may have been Fischer Tropsch. He experienced an unexplained overheat reaction involving a oil refining process.
The oil industry had problems at that time involving a low temperature ethylene refining process at many refineries involving overheating. The solution was to keep rust out of the oil.
RUST CATALYZED ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION CAUSES TEMPERATURE RUNAWAY
http://www.ogj.com/articles/pr…-temperature-runaway.html
Rossi may have started out his research with rust.
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Rossi explicitly stated the the Cat was a reactor that was identical to the Mouse. The Cat/Mouse combo is required for Self Sustained Mode. To convince yourself, scan all reference to cat and mouse in rossi's responses to questions: it's all in there.
Display MoreMe356, I think you just solved the puzzle of Rossi mouse and cat.
"First process that I am talking about is Excess heat from Ni + H reactions. From this process you can get probably COP of around 1.2."
That is the mouse."Second process is LiH composition and decomposition. With ratio between Hydrogen and Lithium you can control the rate (how fast you can change the pressure, respectively how fast LiH can be composed/decomposed).2 Li + H2 → 2 LiHThe higher rate mean higher COP."
That's the cat!hep!
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Piantelli also claims in his latest patent that he can throttle his device by putting a barrier between the nickel and the lithium. Thus some of the excess heat comes from the nickel, some from the lithium.
That is interesting to know. It might be that the rydberg matter that the lithium produces is blocked from access to the nickel thereby blocking the catalytic reaction cycle.
