Posts by Zephir_AWT

Ignition Omission: Understanding the National Ignition Facility Milestone also accompanying video presentation.

1. The actual device input energy that the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory omitted in its December 2022 announcement.
2. The real-world significance of fusion ignition/scientific breakeven.
3. The gap between the ignition result and the energy needed for device breakeven.
4. The extremely brief duration of the fusion reaction.
5. Why the claims that fusion is an “unlimited, abundant” source of energy are not true.
6. That one of the two required fuels for most nuclear fusion concepts does not exist.
7. That there currently are no good ways to make tritium.
8. Visually, how far away this fusion device is from becoming a practical source of energy.

Frankly, just the first objection looks as most significant one for me. Why? From the NIF history graph follows that latest achievment was done by assisting laser fusion by discharge of coil surrounding the fusion cell. This would create magnetic field impulse which would compress plasma by mechanism similar to pinch fusion. And then there is the problem, that we don't know, which amount of input energy/electricity has been actually used in this impulse.

Which is because the output laser array energy (which is an impressive piece of technology by itself) can not be increased too much anymore. So that everyone could assume, that the whole increase of fusion yield was done without contribution of lasers. But the energy which one can put into magnetic pulse and pinch can be increased nearly arbitrarily and it can easily exceed the amount of energy delivered by lasers by order of magnitude. This is because the laser array has rather low net energy efficiency, whereas the powering of solenoid required just a capacitor bank, the size of which can be increased arbitrarily. And one megajoule shot from capacitor bank is nothing spectacular here, for instance the Z-machine delivers 20 MJ into shots regularly.

One should expect that there is strong political pressure to keep the investments into USD 5 billion NIF facility running and this facility consumes one billion every year in addition. So it may be easily possible, that NIF facility was silently redesigned from laser fusion to Z-pinch machine and most if not all the ceremonially announced increase of output power actually comes from energy introduced into pinch, not from fusion reaction itself. The laser array is there just for illumination of Z-pinch discharge, literally speaking.

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When will health officials finally connect the dots?

They indeed have these dots connected - maybe better than You.

Why do you think that Big Pharma Wants to Put an End to Vitamins and Supplements?

Researchers at Berkeley Lab have announced a new material they claim can be used to achieve ultra-high, energy-dense capacitors. The material leverages relaxor ferroelectrics, which, according to Berkeley, are ceramic materials that undergo a rapid mechanical or electronic response to an external electric field and are commonly used as a capacitor in applications such as ultrasonics, pressure sensors, and voltage generators. The results from the paper are impressive, showing that materials exposed to the ion beam had more than twice the energy storage density and 50% higher efficiencies than those unexposed. In some cases, they were able to achieve energy storage densities as high as ~133 joules per cubic centimeter with efficiencies exceeding 75%.

133 joules / ccm translates to 133 MJ / cubic meter. The capacitor bank powering 20 MJ Z-machine or railgun thus can have size of rabbit hutch...

Ignition Omission: Understanding the National Ignition Facility Milestone also accompanying video presentation.

1. The actual device input energy that the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory omitted in its December 2022 announcement.
2. The real-world significance of fusion ignition/scientific breakeven.
3. The gap between the ignition result and the energy needed for device breakeven.
4. The extremely brief duration of the fusion reaction.
5. Why the claims that fusion is an “unlimited, abundant” source of energy are not true.
6. That one of the two required fuels for most nuclear fusion concepts does not exist.
7. That there currently are no good ways to make tritium.
8. Visually, how far away this fusion device is from becoming a practical source of energy.

Frankly, just the first objection looks as most significant one for me. Why? From the NIF history graph follows that latest achievment was done by assisting laser fusion by discharge of coil surrounding the fusion cell. This would create magnetic field impulse which would compress plasma by mechanism similar to pinch fusion. And then there is the problem, that we don't know, which amount of input energy/electricity has been actually used in this impulse.

Which is because the output laser array energy (which is an impressive piece of technology by itself) can not be increased too much anymore. So that everyone could assume, that the whole increase of fusion yield was done without contribution of lasers. But the energy which one can put into magnetic pulse and pinch can be increased nearly arbitrarily and it can easily exceed the amount of energy delivered by lasers by order of magnitude. This is because the laser array has rather low net energy efficiency, whereas the powering of solenoid required just a capacitor bank, the size of which can be increased arbitrarily. And one megajoule shot from capacitor bank is nothing spectacular here, for instance the Z-machine delivers 20 MJ into shots regularly.

One should expect that there is strong political pressure to keep the investments into USD 5 billion NIF facility running and this facility consumes one billion every year in addition. So it may be easily possible, that NIF facility was silently redesigned from laser fusion to Z-pinch machine and most if not all the ceremonially announced increase of output power actually comes from energy introduced into pinch, not from fusion reaction itself. The laser array is there just for illumination of Z-pinch discharge, literally speaking.

Will Swiss court action over vaccine injuries turn the worldwide tide?

Criminal charges have been filed against the Swiss drugs authority on behalf of six people allegedly injured by the Covid vaccination. A team of lawyers and scientists has compiled a comprehensive evidence report and around 1,200 pieces of evidence and made accessible (PDF), arguing that Swissmedic has created a risk to public health which significantly exceeds that of SARS-CoV-2.

“Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler.” Albert Einstein.

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It's a strange thing in some ways- the reactor temperature is held at 80-85C but the gas comes out at up to 120C. Hydrogen has very high heat capacity...and the gas bubbles escaping the reaction sites carry a lot of that heat with them..

My guess it's atomic hydrogen in action again.

Quote from Cherepanov2020

I have been silently watching for several days how a man with a strange name "Axil" convinces site users with the help of quotes from various sources that LENR is by no means a fusion reaction... I don't have the strength to sort out all the nonsense that he quotes ...

See Does Brilliant Light Power Reactor’s Run on Overunity Too?

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Interestingly, they had never heard of "LENR", and even when I explained what it stood for, it still didn't mean anything.

Is NASA's LENR endorsement merely a spin cycle to attempt to clean their hands of past suppression?

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How would you propose to make LENR more glamorous?

This is like to ask globalists and Big Pharma lobby, how to make Ivermectin more glamorous as a replacement of vaccines...

They know exactly, why they dismiss it.

It's also easy to prepare from soluble nickel salt and baking soda.

Quote from Alan Smith

It seems China is still very insistent on following a zero-Covid programme involving continuing city-wide lockdowns. They also have a relatively low percentage of vaccinated elderly citizens. Do they know something we don't?

Chinas zero Covid policy is just a way to have 100% absolute control over their citizens without the rest of the world pointing the finger

Protons may be stretchier than physics predicts

Quarks inside the particles seem to move more than they should in an electric field

At the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Va., the team probed protons by firing electrons at a target of ultracold liquid hydrogen. Electrons scattering off protons in the hydrogen revealed how the protons’ quarks respond to electric fields (SN: 9/13/22). The higher the electron energy, the deeper the researchers could see into the protons, and the more the electrons revealed about how the strong force works inside protons.

For the most part, the quarks moved as expected when electric interactions pulled the particles in opposite directions. But at one point, as the electron energy was ramped up, the quarks appeared to respond more strongly to an electric field than theory predicted they would. But it only happened for a small range of electron energies, leading to a bump in a plot of the proton’s stretch. See also:

Physicists surprised to discover the proton contains a charm quark

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The so called "high concentration" (of Ivermectin) was a well planted fake information. First it only relates to an in vitro setup with no controlled active transport and second you never need a 100% inhibition. Already 99% is far more than enough!

I do agree - the Ivermectin has well proven Covid-protective effect on population even year after application. Ivermectin doesn't kill virus, it "just" prohibits its replication in cells. The secret of it's application is to use it early before virus multiplicates in cells - not in high doses when it's already too late (as it's common in hospital trials which handle only late cases of Covid).

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However, when physicists studied this process of neutron production, they made a surprising discovery. When you lower the energy of the incoming particles, the fusion rates are higher than theoretically expected. Why is that? The currently accepted explanation is that the lattice of the metal helps shielding the charges of the deuterium nuclei from each other. So, it lowers the Coulomb barrier, and that makes it more likely that the nuclei fuse when they’re inside the metal. This isn’t news, physicists have known about this since the 1980s.

Another explanation is, that low energetic particles don't destroy metal lattice, thus allowing Mossbauer resonance effects, which are an lattice analogy of famous Astroblaster effect multiplying energy of rigid ball collisions. So that their energy gets fully absorbed in elastic collisions during it. At any case, the cold fusion is known by its thermal runaway effect, which means with increasing temperature there is smooth transition from cold fusion to hot fusion under release of neutrons. This of course can be dangerous, because once the lattice gets destructed, them the hot neutrons aren't absorbed with it anymore (see Thermacore incident and many others running cold fusion).

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But, let me honest, I find it somewhat suspicious that the power production in cold fusion experiments always just so happens to be very close to the power that goes in. I mean, there isn’t a priori any reason why this should be the case. If there is nuclear fusion going on efficiently, why doesn’t it just blow up the lab and settle the case once and for all?

These cases apparently did happen already, but the arrangement described in the above post is perfectly safe, as it doesn't allow accumulation of deuterium nuclei within fusion environment. Instead of it the layer of lithium must be cooled thoroughly: once the lithium metal gets heated just a bit more, then it becomes amorphous and cold fusion simply stops there in similar way, like fission in subcritical nuclear reactor.

In brief, we already have technology allowing to produce arbitrary amount of energy for many years - instead of it we are fu*king with Russia and another totalitarian regimes hoarding fossil fuel reserves. These are paradoxes of the world under control of dystopian progressivists and ignorant conservatives.

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There’s another type of “cold fusion” that we know works, which is actually a method for neutron production. For this you send a beam of deuterium ions into a metal, for example titanium. Deuterium is a heavy isotope of hydrogen. Its nucleus is a proton with one neutron. At first, the beam just deposits a lot of deuterium in the metal. But when the metal is full of deuterium, some of those nuclei fuse. These devices can be pretty small. The piece of metal where the fusion happens may just be a few millimeters in size. Here is an example of such a device from Sandia Labs which they call the “neutristor”.
The major reason scientists do this is because the fusion releases neutrons, and they want the neutrons. It’s not just because lab life is lonely, and neutrons are better than no company. Neutrons can also be used for treating materials to make them more durable, or for making radioactive waste decay faster. But the production of the neutrons is quite an amazing process. Because the beam of deuterium ions which you send into this metal typically has an energy of only 5-20 kilo electron Volt. But the neutrons you get out, have almost a thousand times more energy, in the range of a few Mega electron Volt. It’s often called “beam-target fusion” or “solid-state fusion”. It’s a type of cold fusion, and again we know it works.
There’s just one problem: The yield of this method is really, really low. It’s only about one in a million deuterium nuclei that fuse, and the total energy you get out is far less than what you put in with the beam. So, it’s a good method to produce neutrons, but it won’t save the world.

This problem was also solved already. The problem with deuterium ions is, they smash atom lattice with high energy making it irregular. But we have to collide deuterons with oriented lines of atoms for to keep cold fusion running, right? There is still the way, how to achieve it with easily melting metals like lithium. A thin layer of molten lithium kept just a few degrees above its melting point in vacuum maintains surface layer semicrystalline with atom chains oriented perpendicularly to surface in similar way, like exclusion zone of water. In addition, this surface layers heals its crystalline defects very quickly by Oswald ripening. The deuterons or just a protons hitting such a surface maintain cold fusion yield very high and reliable - above 60% or so. They release a beam of alpha particles from surface which can be directly converted into an electricity and/or utilized like reactive medium within cold fusion powered inertial engines.

Cold Fusion is Back (there's just one problem) If the atoms float around freely, the electron shells are really large compared to the size of the nucleus. If you bring these nuclei close together, then their electron shells will be much farther apart than the nuclei. So the electron shells don’t help with the fusion if the nuclei just float around.

Mainstream scientists ignored it for decades and laymen public didn't draw consequences from it - this is the problem..;-) So that we shouldn't allow nuclei to just float around - and this is just what cold fusion running within metal lattices does. Hot fusion tries to get rid of electrons, but in general electrons are our friends and ally in fusion efforts as they compensate repulsive forces of protons. They just seem not to compensate them enough - could they compensate them more under more clever arrangement?

As it turns out they indeed can - we just must concentrate electrons at place, where they're most needed - i.e. at the connection line BETWEEN colliding nuclei - not OUTSIDE them. This is the principle of electron screening mechanism. For to achieve it, we shouldn't compress and crush atoms from all directions, as tokamak or laser fusions do. We must collide them uni-dimensionally, i.e. between long chains of inert atoms which act like miniature pistons crushing atoms against each other.

This is the principle of lattice confinement fusion, as it runs within crystalline metal lattices, which contain atoms naturally oriented into lines already. Here we can observe many paradoxes, such as cold fusion yield decreases with temperature, because low temperatures help atoms to maintain their order better.

Also, hot fusion releases the more gamma radiation and neutrons and he4 atoms, the hotter it is. But cold fusion releases only few gamma and neutrons and he-3 instead, because neutrons and gamma are released in direction, along which the atoms just collide, i.e. long chain of atoms which have much higher absorption coefficient than randomly oriented bulk material. Which gets indeed even better, because gammas and neutrons are unwanted and dangerous products of fusion, which require lotta shielding and make everything radioactive.

Cold fusion is literally hot fusion all the way round.

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Parkhomov believes that EVOs stabilize Beta emitters. After I showed him numerous experiments that showed EVOs stabilized alpha, beta and Gamma emitters he continues to accept Parkhomov's unproven posits

Does this sentence sound logical for You? Bob and You are both exotic matter on own. You both can be used as an enthusiast but random generator of links.

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they excluded any element that was present in the Mercury itself, the reaction vessel, the sonotrode, and the sonicator

There were also observations of transmutation of mercury from long used fluorescent lamps, after all the seminal Nagayoka experiments were also about similar mercury arc system. BTW tiny droplets of mercury formed after sonification are rigid due to surface tension pressure which would explain the appearance of mercury after sonification. People should experiment and replicate more and less speculate.

Then there is LeClair fusion induced by laser shots at the reflective surface under water and release of neutrons. I think what is driving factor of fusion here isn't the collapse of vapor bubble by itself, but the linear jet of atoms and possible travelling wave of electrons accelerated by EM field of laser formed during it. Such an arrangement allows screening of repulsive charge of nuclei by electrons between others. The fact that bubble doesn't collapse in free volume but at the proximity of surface enforces this effect and it may explain why Taleyarkhan's experiments only accidentally succeded. I also consider Ohmasa experiments in this regard, but it seems for me that the energy density involved is too low for any kind of fusion interpretation.