Anatomy of the charge cluster work of Kenneth R. Shoulders

6. "strange radiation"

CD. Lutz believes that there is no "strange radiation", there are only the results of the vital activity of CD who find themselves in certain conditions. In section 1.4 of his article, he writes. The high electric field between core and halo is capable of ionizing matter in the vicinity of the CP and re-condensing it at other places. This ionization is non-thermal and non-dissipative (i.e. it consumes no energy). The effect of this is, that all sorts of material can be “etched away” and be re-deposited by a CP. From the amount of etched material one should not falsely conclude, how much energy the CP was providing to “melt/evaporate” the material, because the ionization energy is recycled upon re-condensation. In reality, ionization and re-condensation are two sides of an equilibrium reaction. … The ionizing and re-condensing capability of CPs is responsible for one of the most perplexing properties of CPs: CPs are able to bore holes several millimeters deep through even the hardest materials. Thus CPs can escape all sorts of enclosures. This is rather problematic, because CPs are harmful to biological tissue and pose a serious health risk.

On the other hand, this explanation aims to remove from CD, as it were, "responsibility" for spontaneous emissions of significant amounts of energy. Such phenomena would be difficult to explain. Similar processes of cascading energy transfer to local zones located in the immediate vicinity are possible under conditions of uniform heating of the material to temperatures close to the points of phase transition of the substance. Here, the processes are uneven, with high temperature gradients, similar to pulsed laser irradiation.

Ch.Cl. This is how Ch.Cl.'s concept explains the possibility of high energy release in the course of his life. When a nuclear reaction is realized in the focus of an electronic crystal, part of the energy goes to excite vibrations in the crystal body. But a significant proportion of the energy is converted into kinetic energy of oscillating nuclei. The amplitude of their oscillations increases and the probability of such a nucleus falling into a neutral atom on the periphery of the cluster increases.

Many electrons will be knocked out of this atom and it will turn into a positive ion with a high charge, unlike the single-charged ions surrounding Ch.Cl . This one will rush to the electronic crystal and, according to the scheme described earlier, will be integrated into the cluster. There will be an exchange of matter and energy between Ch.Cl. and the environment.

For example, the nitrogen nucleus left the cluster, carrying away some of the energy, as a result of which the iron atom from the adjacent solid surface was ionized, torn out of its place and involved in the cluster, absorbing at the same time another part of the energy of the nuclear reaction that occurred. In terms of energy costs, the erosion of metal from the surface of a solid and the transmutation of gas from the cluster environment are things of the same order. That is, for Ch.Cl. it makes no difference to convert carbon from the indestructible surface of a diamond into nitrogen or oxygen from the air into silicon, for example.

While Ch.Cl. is in the "hot" phase, this micro nuclear reactor or LENR - machine is working to transmute the surrounding matter. It works more or less efficiently depending on the current situation: the type of atomic nuclei inside the cluster, the type of atoms in the outside, the results of the latest series of nuclear reactions in the focus of the cluster, which can be both exo and endothermic. Sometimes conditions are so favorable that a cluster block "plows" a furrow in a solid substrate or, stalled, drills a hole in the wall.

One of the topics of this forum (Energoniva - a water plasma transmutation technology from Russia)   describes an installation (Vachaev, Anatoly, Energoniva Reactor) where the conversion of plain water into hundreds of grams of sediment consisting of silicon, iron, calcium and many other elements was observed.

• The geometric dimensions of the formations (significantly larger than the light wave) indicate that we are dealing with an object consisting of a group of clusters combined into a group structure.
• The nature and pattern of the "caterpillar tracks" left by the object proves a certain inertia of the object's movement, which indicates its relatively significant mass.
• Alveolus and holes are a special case of linear tracks, when an object "got stuck" in surface irregularities and "got trapped"
• The object moves along the surface and is attracted due to the behavior of the electric fields of mutual shielding of the positive
• The speed of movement of the object relative to the surface is small, it is possible to experimentally register an ultrasonic trace.
• The cluster does not care what to "eat" - oxygen, aluminum or carbon in the form of a diamond, for example. One cubic meter of water contains exactly the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons as one ton of copper.

Anyway, you can make a lot of copper out of water.

I continue the "detective from life Ch.Cl ."

If the conditions of existence of a cluster (Ch.Cl.) that is in the active phase of its life change towards more favorable (more exothermic nuclear reactions), negative feedback is activated. High energy release after several consecutive exothermic LENR reactions overexcites the electronic crystal, the alignment of the focus of the intersections of the trajectories of the nuclei in the center of the crystal deteriorates. This causes a decrease in the probability of another nuclear reaction. The cluster as if protects itself from overheating and prolongs the length of his life. For this reason, LENR experiments are safe against progressively evolving processes such as explosions. It is also unlikely that these technologies will be used in military affairs.

When conditions worsen, the cluster gradually "cools", its degradation and its transition to the next phase according to the following scheme: As a result of harmonic vibrations of the nuclei through the common focus of the electron crystal, due to elastic interactions, a constant exchange of kinetic energies between the nuclei occurs. There is a certain distribution of particle velocities with "fast and slow tails".

Both of theam "extreme" particles lead to a loss of the internal energy of the cluster. The slow nucleus has lost so much speed that at the moment of leaving the electron crystal it will capture the outer electrons of the crystal and turn into a neutral atom or a single-charged ion. The crystal is constantly surrounded by such ions with a charge plus one. Their deionization potential is not sufficient to detach an electron from the crystal, while the deionization potential of the "naked" nucleus is many times higher. At the same time, such capture is impossible when the core flies through an array of crystals at high speed.

Excessively fast cores also lead to a loss of internal cluster energy. They fly outside the dynamic screening zone of the cluster, get lost, take electrons from neutral atoms or pick up free electrons, becoming neutral atoms. The dynamic system of oscillating nuclei – ions is the energy basis of the "hot" Ch.Cl ., and the loss of these nuclei leads to a decrease in the probability of new nuclear reactions, which means the maintenance of life and the possibility of long-term existence of the cluster.

At the same time, the dynamic screening belt along the far periphery of the cluster is weakened, and it is replaced by single-charged positive gas ions. These slow ions approach the electron crystal very closely in their thermal motion. Therefore, to ensure the shielding effect, they need an order of magnitude more. The nuclei still flying out of the crystal lose some of their energy to "push apart" the increasingly dense shell of these ions. Gradually Ch.Cl it goes into the "cold" phase, in which it can stay for a long time. Perhaps, at the final stage of its existence, numerous decelerated nuclei, capturing electrons, destroy the electronic crystal from the inside, dividing it into parts. All these trends lead to poor reproducibility of LENR - experiments and difficulties in creating a simple and reliable energy production technology.

Fragments of electronic crystals surrounded by a dense shell of single-charge ions live long enough. Although they carry a small amount of excess energy, this energy cannot be released so easily. These microscopic negatively charged particles shielded in the located around are essentially the same air compressed by ions to a density of 200-500 kG per cubic meter. They may contain traces of transmutation as a result of LENR reactions that took place in the previous phase of their existence. These degraded "cold" Ch.Cl They are distributed everywhere on solid and liquid surfaces, envelop them like soap foam, prevent adhesion and are responsible for the triboelectric effect. These persistent formations find their end when heated or disintegrate in a strong electrolyte, falling into the oceans.

Adhesion, triboelectric effect.

Adhesion (from Latin adhaesio – adhesion, adhesion, attraction),- this is the connection between heterogeneous condensed bodies in their molecular contact. It becomes obvious that the ubiquitous cold-Ch.cl.’s in nature have a decisive influence on this phenomenon. As for the triboelectric effect, there is still no clear explanation for this phenomenon and charge clusters put a lot in their place.

All hot-Ch.cl.’s after the active phase of their existence gradually move into the stable stage of the "cold cluster". At the same time, we have the following picture: a very small electronic crystal of ~ 10^-9 m (about ten atomic diameters) is surrounded by a huge cloud of single-charged gas ions. The deionization potential of such an ion is not enough to detach an electron from the surface of an electronic crystal and thereby begin its disassembly. A powerful electrostatic field tightly presses the nearby ions to the crystal. Further, the ions are arranged more loosely, and thermal motion becomes active. The attracted ions turn out to be orders of magnitude more than in the previous phase of the "hot" cluster. That is, all the conditions for the long-term existence of this, in fact, lump of air appear. In general, the small internal potential energy of these formations remains unclaimed, it cannot be released under normal conditions.

Let's see how the interactions develop between a powerful point negative charge of an electronic crystal, a cloud of single-charged air ions and a solid or liquid surface to which Ch.Cl has a tendency. In electrostatics, the effect of the field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, therefore, the further the ion shell that shields the point charge extends, the less charge it can have. Shielding refers to the compensation of the electric field of our cluster in a relatively close environment. With more distance, the object will still be perceived as negative and will attract positive ions. Thus, the ion density will decrease with the radius, and at the periphery the ion bond will be very weak. The property of a "cold" cluster to adhere to any solid or liquid surface, regardless of how electropositive or electronegative it will be, can be explained as follows. When the cold-Ch.cl. hits an electropositive surface, for example, a quartz grain, the electronic crystal of the cluster shifts slightly towards this surface, resulting in an electrostatic force of attraction. That is, Ch.cl. is capable of polarization. At the same time, on the opposite side of the cluster, the field weakens and some of the positive ions leave the cluster zone. Now, if the cluster is torn away from the surface by some force, for example, as a result of friction, the number of positive ions in it will be less and it will be negatively charged as a whole. This is the main mechanism of the triboelectric effect. For an electronegative surface, we have a mirror process - the electron crystal moves away from the surface, the cluster attracts additional ions from the surrounding space, and when the particle is detached, it acquires a positive charge. When we rub a glass stick with a silk handkerchief, depleted and enriched with positive ions charge clusters mix, and each side receives a part of the "foreign" particles. When charged bodies are separated, a potential difference arises, which is perceived as triboelectricity.

Static electricity, electrification by friction, thunderstorm manifestations are so common and widespread phenomena that the explanation of their nature with the help of Ch.cl. is alarming. Then we must admit that cold-Ch.cl. clusters are ubiquitous and we are so used to them that we simply do not notice them. Then we must admit that in the nature around us there is a certain excess of electrons over nucleons, because each Ch.cl. contains an E.cr. of electrons, the number of which is orders of magnitude greater than ions. It can be assumed that there is a very small excess of electrons on the surface of our planet compared to the number of protons. The reason for this may be the solar wind. A stream of corpuscles and ions coming from the sun enters the Earth's atmosphere; on the other hand, even more ions and neutral atoms are continuously blown away by the same solar wind from the periphery of the Earth's atmosphere. A certain balance is being formed in terms of the total electrostatic charge of the planet. How will excess electrons behave on the surface of our relatively cold planet if they encounter in their path, in the vast majority of cases, self-sufficient, electrically neutral atoms, molecules and compounds.