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Yet Another LENR Theory
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In my free time I developed the bases of a LENR theory that I think could explain most of the strange experimental features. No fancy new physics.
Hello Andrea, I just looked at the first slides of Your presentation. Did You never look at Mills work? He published the same Ideas about Hydronium more than 10 yeras ago.
Mills also could exactly calculate the g-factors of the electron, proton etc..Thus what's the difference?
In one of Your slides You write:
Moreover with Ni62 there are
neither fusion (or isotopic shifts)
nor fissions that can liberate
energy!This is only true in regard of Ni62: The energy has to come form other nucleus condesation (4H --> (He+) Ni62). Fusion may happen, but the resulting nucleus has a slightly possitiv fission potential.
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If what you describe [re the very limited reach of the strong interaction], which is essentially what the Standard Model suggests, is correct, then LENR could not exist. In fact anything coming from the energy of electron orbitals (chemistry) cannot access the nuclear world. This is not only my opinion, it is also the fundamental reason for the almost complete refusal of Cold Fusion by the Physics Community.
I disagree that LENR cannot exist if the strong force is severely restricted in range as H-B explains. The nucleons in the nucleus are held together by the residual strong force and repelled by the electromagnetic force, with the weak interaction also in play. These forces balance on a razor's edge, and in radionuclides and only-observationally stable nuclides, even small perturbations promise to tip the balance towards a decay of some kind, e.g., alpha or beta decay.Electrons regularly pass through the nuclear volume. They affect this balance of forces through the electron density, which bears upon the net electrostatic charge in the nuclear volume. A significant change in this electron density in the nuclear volume and Coulomb barrier surrounding it would clearly have important effects, as the Gamow theory of alpha decay shows. In steady state, physics says there will be only negligible changes. Under nonequilibrium conditions, things become more interesting.
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Andrea, a casual reading of Hestenes seems to indicate that the electron spin angular momentum at the speed of light when in the Zitter freq. Do you see any part of the theory that it violates h-bar / m * r >> c (m = mass r =radius) ?
It is a concept that I can't resolve just by saying its intrinsic as Pauli did. In other words I am looking for violations./Sorry for my lack of understanding on how to use the forum dialog box so I could include the proper equation.
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Proposition: "In fact anything coming from the energy of electron orbitals (chemistry) cannot access the nuclear world."
There is an important principle in Physics called "Dual" that allows two apparently dissimilar systems to produce an analogous result. The Higgs field and superconductivity are dual, in that the Higgs field gives mass to electrons, and superconductivity gives mass to photons.
The SPP produces monopole flux lines in the same way that the monopole quarks produce monopole flux lines and the associated monopole flux carriers, the gluons. The electrostatic and magnetic field are dual. It so happens that SPP also produce gluons because of this electrostatic and magnetic duality.
SPPs produce a screening of the strong force through the projection of monopole based gluons into the nucleus that results in quark deconfinement. Under this mechanism, mesons are produced from protons and neutrons as the monopole flux line that connect quakes together weaken and eventually fail.
Dual superconductivity is a promising mechanism for quark confinement. [Y.Nambu (1974). G.’t Hooft, (1975). S.Mandelstam, (1976) A.M. Polyakov (1975)]
For the theory and assiated math see: http://www.ectstar.eu/sites/ww…s/QCD-TNT-III_Shibata.pdf
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just a question to QM physicist.
is it possible to have nucleons delocalized like benzene electrons, and why not overlapping.what I see is that a proton cannot react with itself, but why not a nucleon with anothe nucleon or with another electron (localized or delocalized... what about the neutrino?)
it is probably impossible, but how is it?
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just a question to QM physicist.
is it possible to have nucleons delocalized like benzene electrons, and why not overlapping.what I see is that a proton cannot react with itself, but why not a nucleon with anothe nucleon or with another electron (localized or delocalized... what about the neutrino?)
it is probably impossible, but how is it?
The Heseinberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that you cannot know the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously. More rigorously stated, the product of the uncertainty of the position of a particle (Δx) and the uncertainty of its momentum (Δp) must be greater than a specified value: ∆x∆p ≥ (h/4π) Now, as the electron approaches the nucleus, it's uncertainty in position decreases (if the electron is 10nm away from the nucleus, it could be anywhere within a spherical shell of radius 10nm, but if the electron is only 0.1nm away from the nucleus, that area is greatly reduced). According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, if you decrease the uncertainty of the electrons position, the uncertainty in its momentum must increase. This increased momentum uncertainty means that the electron will be moving away from the nucleus faster, on average. Put another way, if we do know that at one instant, that the electron is right on top of the nucleus, we lose all information about where the electron will be at the next instant. It could stay at the nucleus, it could be slightly to the left or to the right, or it could very likely be very far away from the nucleus. Therefore, because of the uncertainty principle it is impossible for the electron to fall into the nucleus and stay in the nucleus. In essence, the uncertainty principle causes a sort of quantum repulsion that keeps electrons from being too tightly localized near the nucleus.Reference https://www.physicsforums.com/…rtainty-principle.483839/
Two protons can come together(position) if the energy of the two protons meeting is high enough(momentum)
This position/momentum constraint of the heisenbergs uncertainty principle keeps particles from fusing unless the energy available in the particle interaction is huge.
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Alain wrote " is it possible to have nucleons delocalized like benzene electrons, and why not overlapping."
I am not a QM physicist but Kozima addressed the idea of delocalised protons and nucleons in metal hydrides here.
www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/Papers/paperr/paperr22.pdf
Apparently the electron sea in hydrides allows the protons to float around. He has some nice graphs showing this
Kozima says that these floating protons allow neutrons to hang around to.( But where do the neutrons come from?)
I like the idea of the hydronions. Perhaps they are shortlived like neutrons when they get free and may later become hydrogen atoms.
But even if hydronions last 5 seconds, that's long enough to interact with many other atoms.Re: Andrea Calaon's theory...c'est formidable!, There are plenty of protons around in the vicinity of Nickel atoms waiting for the right input of energy to conjugate with a lucky d shell electron.
Re: Philosophy..most likely all our physical models of the universe are wrong.. what we call atoms, hydronions, electrons..partons.... gluons are only shadows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_CaveBut we can still use shadows to make predictions and make our lives better.
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In this case the point is then: which chemically controlled mechanism can cause the "significant change" in the electron density near the nucleus?
If chemistry were able to cross the Coulomb barrier and access the nuclear well, our world would look very different.
But even if you had a magic way to concentrate electron energy and access the nuclear well, you still don't have something that:There is some magic called LAV : Read the Dubinko paper ! http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.06081
The mass change of a relativistic electron is simply due to the shrinking of its ZB radius seen from an observer which did not accelerate as the electron.
If the electron stays closer to a nucleus it loses potential (coulomb) energy and wins some magnetic and relativistic mass energy. For the exact calculation look up R. Mills.
The most inner H* state at -511keV has roughly 1.3MeV less energy than a free neutron. But the particle looks mostly like a neutron and also behaves like a neutron. So in a nuclear reaction between H*/D* and e.g. Ni not much energy will be left over to be freed after the fusion. Definitely no enough to emit a neutron.This is an other magic path.
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Hi Andrea,
Thank you for taking the time to give some consideration to my proposal. I will reply to some of your points inline, below.
QuoteA significant change in this electron density in the nuclear volume and Coulomb barrier surrounding it would clearly have important effects.
It would indeed. This much is clear from the Gamow theory, which practically demands that alpha decay would occur following upon a sufficient increase in electron density. If this didn’t happen, we would need to revise the Gamow theory.QuoteIn this case the point is then: which chemically controlled mechanism can cause the "significant change" in the electron density near the nucleus?
I'm not entirely sure; one can guess, though: electric arc discharges, doping from hydrogen, modifications to the electronic structure when hydrogen is adsorbed onto the surface.QuoteIf chemistry were able to cross the Coulomb barrier and access the nuclear well, our world would look very different.
Only if the modus operandi were common. If the MO were uncommon, the world would look as it does now.QuoteBut even if you had a magic way to concentrate electron energy and access the nuclear well, you still don't have something that:
prefers stable nuclei,
When alpha and beta decay occur, the daughter is usually more stable.Quotedoes not emit [MeV] quanta,
I’m not at all convinced by arguments that there are no MeV quanta in LENR. Piantelli, Karabut, SPAWAR, and others report energetic charged particles. Some people think that such a contribution can only be a minor one in LENR. They are entitled to their opinion.Quoteproduces tritium without neutrons,
How about 3He + e- → t - 19 keV, assuming a flux of beta electrons with 19 keV of energy or greater?Quote
crosses large distances through condensed matter causing transmutations,
generates strange traces in nuclear emulsions even many minutes after the end of "stimulation",
emits radio frequencies,...
And the mysterious chemical mechanism which wins over the electrostatic repulsion should work in solids, liquids and plasmas ... and VERY different chemical environments.
Much of one's understanding of what's going on in this field comes down to one’s assessment of what is LENR and what is something else. I do not see a compelling need to explain the phenomena above, which either aren’t commonly reported or go back to a researcher such as Holmlid, who might or might not be seeing LENR.Although I agree that LENR might occur in liquids and gasses (although perhaps not plasmas), (1) most LENR researchers disagree, hence the name "condensed matter nuclear science" which is often used for the field. And (2) there’s no obvious reason that induced decay (or "induced reactions") is precluded in liquids and gasses by the mechanisms mentioned above.
QuotePlus anything crossing the Coulomb barrier kinetically would cause classical nuclear reactions, and not LENR.
The primary crossing of the Coulomb barrier would be by alpha particles, exiting the nucleus, with energies in the range of approx. 2-5 MeV. These would indeed cause nuclear reactions, including alpha capture. But mostly they would just be stopped by substrate or electrolyte. In addition to the crossing of the Coulomb barrier, perhaps you’d also get beta decays as a result of the weak interaction, and induced fission (which also involves a crossing of the Coulomb barrier of sorts, but not that of two particles in a scattering experiment).QuoteConsider the experiment of Iwamura with diffusion only. There is almost no energy input and no way to concentrate energy and cross the Coulomb barrier. However he obtains transmutations and a few gammas.
When I think of Iwamura, I think of alpha capture.Quote27 years of attempts to find a magic mechanism that chemically overcomes the Coulomb barrier without success should teach us something. And when you have found it, it would not match experimental evidences.
I agree that there are difficulties with this proposal. I disagree that the difficulties are more profound than those faced by an explanation that requires that the nuclear force work at distances far larger than 1 fm. -
@'axil
Let's not forget that momentum has TWO components: mass and velocity. Energy and mass are interchangeable, mass is not (necessarily) constant. For example, 1% of nucleon mass typically disappears into binding energy, a.k.a. mass deficit. When we constrain position or spin or any other quantum state, we have a particle that is much less certain of both its mass and its velocity. If the particle's speed is a significant fraction of the speed of light, there's only one way to increase uncertainty in momentum: mass. -
Is there a reason why this new theory predicted reactions, do not occur in most reactors?
Remember, most of the time, nothing happens in the LENR reactors.
