Posts by axil

Quote from David Fojt

@ Ecco,
I followed your exchanges with Bob Higgins.
I can understand the philosophical aspect of the quest for a theory which filled all conditions to be nice/comfortable as Rydberg Matter.
However, we must be careful and be wary of this way of thinking.
we must remain malleable and open to all concepts.
Yes we must use his own models to confront its replications.
Unfortunately you said you could not do experiments.
Bob Higgins will try to study the impact of low pressure on the success of replication although I think that pressure becomes lower if Ni was well loaded/coated. Just a question of heating protocol, in fact.

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Dear Dave,

If you take a look at the latest data from the Pluto flyby, you can see another cosmological mystery rear its head that can be well explained by metalized hydrogen as a LENR heat source.

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/07/

pluto-alive-where-heat-coming Pluto is alive—but where is the heat coming from?

http://www.space.com/29968-plu…os-active-icy-worlds.html New

Photos of Pluto and Moon Surprise, Puzzle Scientists

There is a tremendous amount of heat coming from the interior of Pluto and its small satellite; so much so, that the surface of Pluto is resurfaced by the eruption of ice from the interior of Pluto. Also there is a constant replenishment of the nitrogen atmosphere of Pluto from the interior.The standard causes given for planetary heat production does not apply, that being heat from the sun, radioactive decay, and friction caused by tidal stretching.

Furthermore, there is evidence that other smaller free standing bodies in the Kuiper belt sometimes called the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, are at the far edge of the solar system are producing their own internal heat.Although to date most KBOs still appear spectrally featureless due to their faintness, there have been a number of successes in determining their composition. In 1996, Robert H. Brown et al. obtained spectroscopic data on the KBO 1993 SC, revealing its surface composition to be markedly similar to that of Pluto, as well as Neptune's moon Triton, possessing large amounts of methane ice.Water ice has been detected in several the Kuiper belt objects (KBO)s, including 1996 TO66, 38628 Huya and 20000 Varuna. In 2004, Mike Brown et al. determined the existence of crystalline water ice and ammonia hydrateon one of the largest known KBOs, 50000 Quaoar. Both of these substances would have been destroyed over the age of the Solar System, suggesting that Quaoar had been recently resurfaced, either by unexplained internal tectonic activity or by meteorite impacts.

In my opinion, LENR based on metalized hydrogen is a possible answer to these strange cosmological conundrums.

http://www.pnas.org/content/106/42/17640.abstract
A little bit of lithium does a lot for hydrogen

Quote

Abstract From detailed assessments of electronic structure, we find that a combination of significantly quantal elements, six of seven atoms being hydrogen, becomes a stable metal at a pressure approximately 1/4 of that required to metalize pure hydrogen itself. The system, LiH6 (and other LiHn), may well have extensions beyond the constituent lithium. These hypothetical materials demonstrate that nontraditional stoichiometries can considerably expand the view of chemical combination under moderate pressure.

Full paper

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764941/

also see

http://phys.org/news/2009-10-f…bit-lithium-hydrogen.html

For Future Superconductors, a Little Bit of Lithium May Do Hydrogen a Lot of Good

--------------------

Quote

The pressures involved with metallising pure hydrogen are impractically high, current methods of creating high pressure environments are confined to the realm of research. For more practical methods of creating metallic hydrogen, research is being undertaken to find ways lowering the pressures required for metallisation. One method is to dope the hydrogen with an electropositive element, such as lithium.

LiHn materials are predicted to become stable and metallic at approximately one quarter of the pressure required for pure hydrogen, with the most stable of these, LiH6, being predicted to be super conducting [see above]. Another avenue of doping being explored is using silane, SiH4, in conjunction with molecular hydrogen to also lower the pressures required to form metallic hydrogen by forming a lattice in sheets, similar to graphite [1]. In addition to doping, there is promising research that shows that application of an electric field to aid nucleation could also reduce the pressures required [2]. This research also suggests that this method may create metastable metallic
hydrogen once removed from the external field and the high pressure environment. These methods show promise of being viable methods of economically creating metallic hydrogen. However, this research is very topical and currently none of these have been tested experimentally.

1) - Yao, Y. and D.D. Klug, Silane plus molecular hydrogen as a possible pathway to metallic hydrogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., Early Ed., 2010(Copyright (C) 2012 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.): p. 1-6, 6 pp.

2) - Nardone, M. and V.G. Karpov, Electric field induced nucleation: an alternative pathway to metallic hydrogen. arXiv.org, e-Print Arch., Condens. Matter, 2011(Copyright (C) 2012 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.): p. 1-4, arXiv:1103.0288v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci].

Quote

Electric field induced nucleation is introduced as a possible mechanism to realize a metallic phase of hydrogen. Analytical expressions are derived for the nucleation probabilities of both thermal and quantum nucleation in terms of material parameters, temperature, and the applied field. Our results show that the insulator-metal transition can be driven by an electric field within a reasonable temperature range and at much lower pressures than the current paradigm of P >∼ 400 GPa. Both static and oscillating fields are considered and practical implementations are discussed.

------------------------------------

Possibility of obtaining atomic metallic hydrogen by electrochemical method

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.6851.pdf

This reference explains how metalized hydrogen can be produced through the high gas pressures produced by the capillary action of hydrogen into the fractured lattice structure of nickel and palladium.

Quote from oystla

But also Brullioun is using pure Ni/H system?

I wrote the following in another thread, which may be a point....or not :

"
There is a common feature of both Brullouin, Piantelli and Rossi. They all use Nickel/hydrogen system and a stimulus system.

So either they all got it or none of them has it.

Triggering and stimulus is a vital ingredient. I think there's the failure of many or all replication attempts.

To sum up what I've stated earlier on triggering;

1. Brilliouin is using electrical stimulation on their reactor.

Ref. Mckubre stated on Brillouin: "The fact that the Q pulse input is capable of triggering the excess power on and off is also highly significant.”

2. Swartz have discovered something interesting:
"Astonishingly, it has now been discovered that high intensity, dynamic, repeatedly fraction- ated, magnetic fields have an incremental major, significant and unique, complex, metachronous amplification effect on the preloaded NANOR⃝R -type LANR device"

"H-field pulse sequence was delivered (dH/dt ∼1.5 T with 0.1 ms rise time × 1000–5000 pulse"

Ref.

iscmns.org/CMNS/JCMNS-Vol15.pdf#page=73

3. Rossi is using some kind of electromagnetic stimulation....

I have tried to Ask him several times on stinulation, but he allways says "no comment" or "confidential"

A reason why Rossi will not comment on stimulation of the core may be because Piantelli allready have patented such mechanisms, as I referred to Below.

So Rossi is using stimulation, but don't want to talk about it, since he may "get Piantelli on his back"?

The only thing I find in the Rossi patent claims are "reinvigorating" reaction by "varying" a voltage source.

Which could mean varying AC voltage with some high frequency (at what Herz?), and thereby creating some extra stimulating magnetic fields....for "reinvigorating" the core.....

But he can not state it in his patent, since it is allready protected by Piantelli.

4. More on stimulation, this time from Piantelli patents:

"........impulsive trigger action consists of supplying an energy pulse"

".....trigger means (61 ,62,67) for creating an impulsive action (140) on said active core (18), said impulsively action (140) suitable for causing......"

worldwide.espacenet.com/public…05&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP

".........an impulsive application of a package of electromagnetic fields, in particular said fields selected from the group comprised of: a radiofrequency pulse whose frequency is larger than 1 kHz; X rays; v rays; an electrostriction impulse that is generated by an impulsive electric current that flows through an electrostrictive portion of said active core...."

"- an electric voltage impulse that is applied between two points of a piezoelectric portion of said active core; an impulsive magnetostriction that is generated by a magnetic field pulse along said active core which has a magnetostrictive portion."

"Such impulsive triggering action generates lattice vibrations, i.e. phonons..."

worldwide.espacenet.com/public…spacenet.com&locale=en_EP

5. Bockris: "It is interesting that the excess heat, caused by RF stimulation, reaches a maximum value and, after a certain time, falls to zero. A possible explanation is that the RF stimulates only the deuterium nucleus at the near surface of Pd. It is well known that, due to the 'skin effect,' high frequency alternating currents are felt only up to a certain depth (called 'skin depth') "

Ref. Bockris et.al:

lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BockrisJtriggering.pdf

6. Mckubre et. al paper:

lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHtheneedfor.pdf
"

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EMF stimulation is not needed in a microparticle based system because the particles produce their own dipole vibration through the reception of infrared photons as happens in a radio antenna. But a solid metal requires dipole stimulation so that a exciton can be generated. The exciton and photon produce polaritons through the entanglement of electrons and photons. In the Rossi wafer where the nickel is melted, the heater layer now is producing the EMF stimulation along with infrared photons.

The end goal of LENR engineering is to produce hydrogen Rydberg matter that is excited with surface plasmon polaritons on its surface. On a solid nickel surface, the polaritons localize around surface topological discontinuities (bumps and cracks).

Quote from BobHiggins

@me356
You are correct - Songsheng Jiang's experiment with nickel wire + H is another good example of an Ni-H only experiment; but it stopped producing XH after 80 minutes and the high XH did not repeat. Songsheng went on to do a Ni + LiAlH4 experiment. Why didn't he stick with the Ni wire + H? What motivated Songsheng to change direction [it would be worth asking him that]? Piantelli has had pure Ni rod + H operating for years continuously, but the COP is low (though he has seen meltdown events).

If one is inclined to do a pure Ni-H experiment, then consider exactly replicating another Ni-H experiment that was credibly reported to work. I think Songsheng Jiang is quite credible.

The rsonon why the LENR reaction can stop after a variable timeframe is due to the escape of the Hydrogen Rydberg Matter (HRM) produced by the cracks in the metal lattice.

Like ball lightning, HRM can pass through certain types of material like glass and aluminum but is stopped by magnetic metals like iron and steel. This mobility of the LENR reaction has been seen in the CR-39 experiments performed by J. C. Fisher.

Quote from Valeriy Tarasov

Just some thoughts.

If we believe that lithium fission through the intermediate beryllium takes place in E-cat, then we should think about all conditions favorable for this. It is clear that this reaction takes place outside of nickel particles. It is hard to believe that lithium is diffusing into nickel lattice and there we have its fission. What is the role of nickel particles in this case? Again it is clear, that nickel is not simple source of the protons, otherwise presence of LiAlH will be sufficient for LENR, but this is not the case. Another fact is that LENR take place in powder or in metal road with cracks. From this we can make proposal that LENR take place in small closed volume surrounded by nickel surface. In this volume we should have some amount of lithium and protons. I.e. the LENR fuel should have the structure of cheese with closed holes and these holes should be filed with lithium and protons. How it can happen? Lithium can be kept in these holes after mixing with nickel powder followed by its sintering, heating to form the cheese structure. Hydrogen will come to the holes from nickel since it will be saturated with hydrogen (from LiAlH or external supply of H2). Such sintering of nickel and Li powder (or LiAlH) can be an additional step in fuel preparation. Long and slow heating of fuel (nickel plus LiAlH) in Parhomov's experiment can be consider as the sintering, not only to releas hydrogen slowly and to avoid destruction of the reactor. Why nickel is used? I can say that reason for this is ability of nickel to soak the hydrogen and then to release it in these "holes" filled with lithium.

In other words we should create a lot of nickel reactors in size of micrometer, and fuel inside of these reactors is lithium and atomic hydrogen (protons).

The reason why cracks and the cracking associated with high loading of hydrogen into palladium is that hydrogen Rydberg matter(HRM) is produced by pressure produced by capillary processes in the distressed metal lattice. There as forms of LENR that lithium is not a factor or even present. The Holmlid reaction is an example of such a lithium free LENR reaction. The accumulation of infrared photons on the surface of the HRM is the active agent that produces the LENR effect.

Reference:

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.6851.pdf

This reference shows one of several methods of producing Hydrogen Rydberg matter(HRM). This methid is based on the high pressure compression of hydrogen by the absorption of hydrogen into nickel. The nickel must be made receptive to hydrogen absorption through the fracturing of the nickel lattice by the application of various lattice stressors carried out over a long period of time. Rossi's fuel preprocessing method could produce both fractured nickel powder and HRM to be loaded into the reactor as fuel.

If you have any 5 year old nickel batteries, your in luck. You can extract(HRM) through acid treatment of their nickel electrodes.

One interesting coincidence is the mention that the extracted HRM is a fine gray powder as stated by the following:

Quote

As a result of the metalceramic nickel matrix dissolution, the portion of electrode submerged into solution, detached, and dropped to the flask bottom. The fallen portion had the appearance of the initial electrode without any changes. However during extraction from the solution and when the fallen portion was touched, it split into small crystals of grey color with metallic luster

Fine grey powder is seen in the Lugano test in the ash.

There are other mechanisms that can produce HRM as ECCO is theorizing. I believe that Rossi realized this when he understood that the nickel in the Hot cat had melted. Unbeknownst to Rossi before the Lugano test, there was another mechanism that could support HRM production.

I believe that the inclusion of mica used as an insulation between the wafer heater from the two adjacent fuel chambers produce HRM as a result of an infrared photon lensing effect that uses it hexagonal crystal structure to quantum mechanically catalyze HRM in the same fashion as graphite does. This is exactly what Holmlid is doing with graphite and iron oxide(both are hexagonal crystals) and laser light.

See

http://www.e-catworld.com/2016…stals-and-lenr-axil-axil/

Quote from Thomas Clarke

[quote]

So - LENR - if taken to mean a hypothesis of significant nuclear reaction rates at low energy without muons or radioactive fuel - is a theoretical construct with the experimental evidence all profoundly negative.

Holmlid experiments produce Kaon, pions, muons and electrons. Look into Holmlid's experiments.

http://tempid.altervista.org/SRI.pdf

Quote from Mary Yugo

Axil, before you claim people have *afflictions* perhaps you should learn to spell "afflictions." Or maybe learn the difference between afflictions and affections. Anyway, one thing about you. You're consistent. Consistently FOS. This quote above is another example.

Yes, my spelling and proof reading are poor, by my many faults are not anti social, teroristic, and dangerous to the interests and welfare of others.

Quote from Mary Yugo

Papp was a paranoid schizophrenic and a chronic liar and con man. I actually met someone once who was one of the physicians who treated him for a self-inflicted gunshot wound which he claimed he sustained from a hit man chasing him in the desert. Clue: if a hit man had been after him in the desert, he wouldn't have made it to medical care for a harmless soft tissue wound in his arm. This physician's professional opinion was that (in other words) Papp was a nut case.

Papp was all that you say but his engine worked as verified by the US patent office. Autism is common among adults. Over the years, I have observed similarity in the behaviors demonstrated by both Papp and yourself. While such individuals struggle with their affections, we must only hope that such behavior does little damage to society.

As Rossi states:

Andrea RossiJanuary 22nd, 2016 at 3:45 PMRiccardo Ciazza:
I understand that you bet with your friends that I was going to obtain a peer reviewed publication in a prestigious and well known site.You won, you should get the value of the bet: my apparatus has been published in the most important and sought after peer reviewed publication of the world: the USA Patent Office. No publication is more rigorously peer reviewed and more important than the USPTO publication, also for its enormous implications related to the industrial world.Go cash your bet!
Warm Regards
A.R.

Quote from Shane D.

H-G,

Thanks, I was aware of McKubres comments on Papps machine, thanks to MY and JC hammering on it for years now. In fact, had you not mentioned this, MY would have surely done so. It is one of his standard rants.

After taking into account McKubres many other accomplishments, I choose to ignore this bit of old history. We all make mistakes, if indeed he feels today it was a mistake? Had he taken the easy career road, kept to noncontroversial research, he would be well respected in electrochemistry circles. He knew the risk of taking this path, and I give him, as I do the other LENR pioneers, a lot of credit for doing what they did, and do. Probably most have something they wish they could take back.

Until there is an LENR+ commercial product, or an LENR cell/reactor that reliably produces the effect, and also transportable to other labs with the same results, every LENR pioneers obituary will have an * mark, noting their involvement in the controversial field. It is the mark they bear for their beliefs.

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Don't lose heart. The Papp engine was and still is real and honest as anything can be. It is the only LENR system to be patented. It passed an impartial third party test conducted by the patent office as a prerequisite to the issuance of the patent. All of Papp's technology has be patented. Furthermore, the patent office awarded to Papp, patent of the year honors for the patent of his engine. Papp also showed that Richard Feynman was a jackass, a liar, and a know nothing, in count and got his employer to pay a huge settlement for killing and injuring observers at a demo the Feynman destroyed. Feynman sets the tone for all Papp's present day detractors, jackasses, liars, and know nothings.

Quote from Mary Yugo

Has Carl Page invested, Mats002? And if so, how much and with whom? Just curious. He's pretty woowooish so it wouldn't mean much either way.

Consistent with your nefarious methods, have you tried to contact Page and work your feminine wiles on him to move his head and heart away from belief in LENR? If not, why not? Curious minds what to know.

Quote from oystla

Has this been discussed, or anyone with thoughts on the matter?

One would Expect that LENR have a different energy emission spectrum than electrical heated alumina.

Alumina transmittance and LENR energy spectrum is unkown parameters in the Lugano test.

I have reason to believe that the character of light produced by LENR is blackbody radiation associated with the temperature of the reactor core. In the case of the Lugano reactor that blackbody temperature would be between 1450C and 1500C.

Quote from Thomas Clarke

(4} As Longview points out the temperature cannot be deduced from the Ni having sintered:
(a) There can be intense local transient heating from the various chemical reactions
(b) The Ni is not pure but mixed, and eutectics often have lower MPs than pure metals

For me, there are too many unknowns here to deduce much.

About 4 --- It seems straightforward to configure a aggregation of micron sized nickel particles sized to produce a large nickel particle the size of that observed in the Lugano report. Supply heat to a level that will melt that aggregation of nickel particles so that it forms a pool of liquid nickel with the dimensions observed in the Lugano report and keep that particle molten over an extended period of time.

About 4a --- After 32 days of reactor operation, all the chemical reactions that were going to happen had in fact happened so at that late juncture the chemical environment would have been constant. Any heat produced at that late point would have been produced by the LENR reaction.

About 4b --- The chemical composition of the Nickel ash particle is precisely known after multiple isotopic tests and recorded in the appendices therein.

See page 45 and 53.

Quote from H-G Branzell

Axil, how can you believe this? Look at the few centimeters of the heating wires that are sticking out from the dogbone end caps. They are producing an intense heat glowing like incandescent lamps. They produce the same heat per length unit inside the dogbone but there they are in a more compact spiral configuration. But you believe that they appear as shadows. Just because the stupid Lugano report said so or what?

I see the shadows of the wires with my own eyes in figures 12A and 12B of the Lugano report.

Quote from Longview

@axil

I suspect this has been mentioned before: a binary or ternary alloy does not have the melting point of its constituents, nor is the actual alloyed melting point a simple intermediate value. Eutectic and other variations from simple expectation are seen. Further boiling points are not necessarily as simple as might be imagined. Binary and ternary azeotrope behavior once again emphasizes further differences, including those in condensed matter and gas phase interaction.

The nickel in the particle was assayed to be comprised of very pure nickel isotope Ni62. See the appendices in the Lugano report.

I looked up the dimensions of a commercially available alumina tube closest to the 2 cm alumina tube used in the Rossi reactor. It was in millimeters 19.05OD x 14.30ID. The Lugano reactor was also covered with alumina heat fines and pure alumina cement which complicates things.

See

http://www.sifferkoll.se/siffe…10/LuganoReportSubmit.pdf

The temperature of the surface of the reactor refected the temperature of the heater wire more than the core of the reactor. The wire cast a shadow from the light produced by the core so the core was hotter than the heater wire. If the surface was just 750C approximately as some have calculated, then the heater wire was also in that range because the heater wire was near the surface of the reactor. The heat from the heater must get through the heat radiators which dissipates the heat from the heater coil and the outside of the alumina tube. But we know that the core was at or over 1450C becuase large amount of the nickel melted and the lithium vaporized. Therefore, the excess energy produced is increased proportionally to the lower measurement of the surface temperature of the reactor because the heater wire was closer to the surface then was the core.

Excess energy produced is proportional the the delta between 1450C that we know existed in the core and the temperature of the reactor surface. The lower the temperature of the reactor surface was, then the greater was the COP.

A metal foil with high infrared reflectivity(nickel, titanium, or zirconium but aluminum foil and low density foam insulation might be tried first ) might do a good job of protecting the cloud chamber from the heat produced by the reactor. The cloud chamber could also be cooled with a fan. Muons are highly penetrating and can pass through miles of earth. They also can pass through the entire atmosphere to get to the earth's surface.

Yes, there are "how to" videos on Youtube that show how a cloud chamber is built. Since there is a close relationship between Piantelli and MFMP, maybe Piantelli might help out with advice on the cloud chamber issue.

@Antoine10FF

In the "Experimental evidence on Rossi devices" thread example above, how is the shadow effect of the heater coils shown in figure 12a and 12b in the Lugano report produced? I do not see coil shadow depicted. Such simulation might be done by using a tungsten rod heater inside the coil to simulates the hot opaque core. Such a configuration properly displays the solid black body heat generating properties of a solid emitting black body that the reactor core would produce. From the Cook report, we know that the core of the Lugano reactor was cemented into a solid aggregation of the fuel. The solid core of the reactor has no transparent emissivity issues associated with alumina. This blackbody radiation behavior does not change between a complete solid filling the core or a tube like coating forming on the inside of the core's surface.

Quote from Mary Yugo

Axil and me356 are both right. I make a seven figure income in part from Rossi and the rest from big oil, the nuclear power industry, and car makers. I am resplendescent with money. Rossi definitely has some serious competition and slowing them down by my saying he has nothing is the right way to go. I am solely responsible for making Defkalion give up when they mistakenly believed, only due to my work, that Rossi had nothing. I may be a hamster on a treadmill but I am a rich hamster on a plush treadmill! Yay and Woohoo!

temet nosce

Reference:

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1504/1504.01261.pdf
On the Nuclear Mechanisms Underlying the Heat Production by the E-Cat
Norman D. Cook1 and Andrea Rossi2

and

http://www.sifferkoll.se/siffe…10/LuganoReportSubmit.pdf
Observation of abundant heat production from a reactor device and of isotopic changes in the fuel Giuseppe Levi

Quote

At the temperature of operation of the ECat used in the Lugano test, the Lithium contained in the LiAlH4 is vaporized, and consequently was distributed evenly within the volume of the E-Cat. In contrast, the Nickel fuel remained in a solid or liquid state. At the time of sampling after one month of operation, Nickel was found to be encrusted on the internal surface of the reactor, from which a 2 mg sample of “ash” was obtained near to the center of the charge. Starting with an initial charge of approximately 1 gram,

The large amount of nickel as represented by particle one on page 45 of the Lugano report was completely melted. This indicates that the reactor's core reached a temperature of over 1450C since this nickel particle was very large at over 600 microns wide and an estimated 900 microns long. such a large amount of metal is not subject to the lowering of the melting point that is imposed by nanoscopic dimensions. As the micrograph of particle one clearly shows, particle one was completely resurfaced and the entire feedstock of 5 micron particles was reduced by melting into an aggregation of the totality of that nickel pooled in the center of the reactor's core. The temperature of the core of the Lugano reactor reached a temperature in excess of those readings produced by the Lugano optical temperature probes indicating that these optical probes were well calibrated to the determine the temperature of the central core of the Lugano reactor. quod erat demonstrandum

As a confirming observation, the the Lithium contained in the LiAlH4 is vaporized indicating that the core of the reactor reached a temperature substantially above 1330C.