Is it just me or is this years ICCF event full of reliable and repeatable excess heat experiment results?
Seems the research finally brings some fruits...
I am finding way more theory than experimental results, but maybe that is just this morning... I'd have to count. There were lots of experiments presented yesterday, but not sure if "repeatable excess heat experiment" applies.
Phillip Haat Cold Nuclear Transmutations Light Atomic Nuclei Binding Energy
Haat has a poster presentation, too.
He says, "The binding energy of every nuclear is the sum of the binding energy of all its sub-structures."
His slide has several calculations that he uses and diagrams for various elements. See photo on Twitter. I am kind of lost here.
The EM force is valid inside a nucleon, the quarks contain a magnetic moment and all the elctric charge of the nucleons.
The quarks have spatial quantum probability distribution for their location. An equilateral triangle is assumed (lowest energy for the chromodynamic force.)
There are three possible bonds per nucleon One for each.
Kinetic energy of quantum angular momentum is properly included. Lowest energy Electromagnetic configuration is ground state.
There is a minimum distance between the two internucleon quarks. Static electric dipole moments are not allow by quantum theory ( if there is a dipole, there is a spin).
Consistent with the Pauli Exclusion principle and the hard core repulsion, two nuclear cannon bond more than once with each other.
To determine the configuration of the lowest energy state she programs Mathematica files. The lowest energy configuration is determined as many bonds, no triple-bonded quarks or double bonded nucleons, the net positive electric charge of the nucleaus is as far apart as possible, there is a dipole moment, there will also be a spin.
Nuclear configuration of the lowest energy states ---> charge is present at every bond with net charge 1/3.
The nucleons tend to cluster into alpha segments - 2 protons, 2 neutrons.
From C12 upwards, the stable nuclides follow a simple pattern-one alpha segment for every 2 nucleons.
No stable nuclei have doubled nucleons (like the radioactive ones).
Below C12, it is another pattern.
**There is some sublty here that I am missing.* read the paper!
See photo on Twitter of her EM calculations vs. experimental values for binding energies.
Why is the D2+D2 ---> He4 reaction so rare and infrequent?
Conventional nuclear physic models cannot explain it. He4 should be the predominant reaction as it is at a lower energy. This EM theory can explain it. There is an energy barrier that is due to the magnetic bonds.
Kaal just recommended the Safire Project video which he is very impressed with and which has generated transmutations (according to the periodicity model?).
I am just getting in and having a coffee, and this is super heavy theory at 8AM. Woah. He will have these files on his website and you can download the presentation there.
He is talking about the "cycle of 8". The title of the slide is "SAM linked to the properties of the elelments."
SAM is the next step in the evolution of nuclear model structure. This fellow has a very interesting model on how the elements build from H through the periodic table. It is the 150th anniversary of the periodic table being organized and he is happy to bring this model out during this year.
I am sorry but I must have another coffee. I'll be back for the next talk.
VVysottski presented Periodic structure of Fe-Mn geology crusts with isotopic anomaliesof self-controlled global biostimulated isotope transmutation in oceans and lakes. b) The possible role of LENR in dentistry
There are unusual ratios of isotopes
The tradition descriotion of such anomalous streiais connected with the possible action of volcanoes.
concentration of the FE57 isotope decreases in comparison with Fe54, always at locations where water is.
ferromanganese crusts are sampled at locations around the world for dFe57 isotope to make the Fe57/Fe54 ratio.
In the ocean and seas, this ratio is negative, but in a lake, this ratio is positive.
Fe54 (5.845%) Fe56 (91.754%) and Fe57 (2.117%)
He experiments to make this reaction in a bacteria culture and sees transmutations from the bacteria.
Mn55 + d2 = Fe57
They also saw Mossbauer spectra for various cultures.
The process begins to be inhibited when a large amount of toxins are in the environment, or when resources are depleted.
He finds that this could be the small cavities and nano-spaces in the biological cell where the reaction could take place. In the lab, this can be controlled. Such a self-similar process justifies the periodicity of iron synthesis in the earth's crust.
Now Vysottski is talking about LENR in dentistry! The human cavity is a complex system and he shows a picture of some bad teeth speculating that LENR is taking place there! He's got an experiment to test the hypothesis. Test tubes with implants, nutreient medium and biomass. After 12 days, the total calcium content in the present of Ti implant was decreased, and Mo increased!
Ti 46+ Ca48 = Mo94 + Q (and that's in your mouth!)
He says that this reaction must be exoenergetic with positive energy Q>0 and should lead to the formation of a stable (non-radioactive Mo isotope.
After the poster session where I showed off The Discovery of Cold Fusion comic book, Anatoly Klimov presents Water Plasma Reactor PWR
Ar + Ni + H2 gives COP2
Ar + Ni + H2 + Li gives COP6
He began this direction with the Plasma Vortex Reactor PBR which he reported on at ICCF20:
Problems were the thermal heat exchanger, Low initial pressure, Pst < 2 Bar
Small time operation T < 30 min
Erosive cathode mass flow ratio ~ 1 - 10 mG/s
Nt out ~ 10kW
Ne, in ~0.1 - 1 kW
Plasma temperature 3000-5000K
Temperature of steam 900C.
Specific heat power of "Nano-Cluster Fuel"Cathode Metal Flow Rate in PVR: dM=10^-3 G/s ----> dN=10^19 atom/s
Extra power output in PVR: dP ~ 3KW
Specific heat power of "non-cluster fuel: Q=dP/dN=10^3 eV/atom
Strange results are that soot particles are found in the PWR consisting of O, Si, Ca, Cu, C, ..... there's more, but he switched slides.
Just rolled back in the auditorium and he said he produced about 4 Watts excess heat.
The conclusion slide:
Temperature increase, neutron signal, and burst of amu=4 ocurred at the same time.
Observation of partial pressure increase of amu=3 during the experiment (He3 generation?)
Excess heat generation that cannot be explained only by input power
Distortion of Pd sample suggests that distortion affects the approach of D atoms
This is a young man and we're going to see some amazing things from this fellow.
Excess Energy from A Vapor Compression System by Bin-Juine Huang, National Taiwan University
His interest has been Cavitation-involved (or LENR) energy technology (since 2018)
He wants renewable energy technology.
He review cavitation and cavitation -induced LENR : implosion of bubbles with intense shock wave.
Buble size can go from 10-40 microns and have a short time life: 50 x 10^-6 seconds.
Pressure is high inside 1 nm bubbles at 2870 atmospheres.
He shows a slide of various over-unity machines.
One cavitation system from ___________________ (CES)? showed COP = 5.25 at 388 degrees C. He asks why not have an energy revolution from this result?
Two interesting cases of COP>1 in Commercial Equaipment found: poluution control equipment and hydrogen rich water making machinge both show COP>1.
Micro-bubble heater in pollution control equipment had an Input 36 kW electrical and 2.3 kW _______ with output 93 kW.
Hydrogen rich water making machine uses vapor cmpression cycle (thermodynamic Principle of heat pump)
A 1 kW input of the water-making machine provides 1.5 to 7.0 kW output and hydrogen rich water at 260 Liters/day. See photo on Twitter.
Produce
excess heat de novo helium low leve emission unique Anitistokes spectra AND D-line RF 327, i.e. deuterium line spectroscopy
He has NANOR component: preloaded zirconium oxide two terminal component that with a voltage across produces HIGH Q.
This occurs with aqueous, nickel systems, and with the preloaded dry components. when in a Fabray Perot box, he gets a maser.
Picture on Twitter of waterfall line.
Superhyerfind structure, the appearanc eof more sideband with increasing voltae - but beliw avalanch show evidenc of deuterium
The NANOR also shows pulsable bands, - when th amplitutde changes the coulomb barrier falls.
The reason he looked at this is that Hydrogen emits in Astronomy measurement.
Array dipoles have been used to pick up emissions from space, and allows you to see mass that you normally hidden with ordinary light.
A problem is to calibrate your system and look at the background.
Swartz used same system as Haldeman, and putting a resistor next to the device to calibrate, he puts a tiny bit of electricty in and MORE heat comes out. An active system is geven when you drive the system in the active region. He puts more heat in, he gets excess heat out. The control shows the same heat coming out, the NANOR shows excess heat coming out. For NANOR, the wattage is low in milliwatts, but the excess is 12,000% input power.
Upping the voltage gives an electrical avalanche, and no more excess heat.
CMORE Spectroscopy shows Hagelstein's phonons that he predicted as well.
Antenna is an enclosed wire helix 4%to 15% of a wavelength long.
Transmission lines are a big problem for noise, so they buy military grade material to decrease attenuation by 10^5.
Early on, He waited to do experiments when the Earth was blocking the center of the galaxy which can mess up the reading. Now he has a system that he can do it anytime, with minimal galactic contamination.
Grounding is important. He uses an 8 ft copper pipe into the ground.
REsULTs, see photos on Twitter.
The active, electrically-driven NANOR is the first solid state CF/LANR device.
Condensed Posasmoids by Lutz Jaitner
He tries to soleve the bizarre FP Puzzle - what is the NAE? Condensed plasmoids Cps are the nuclear active environment of LENR
Lutz Jaitner gives condensed plasmoids hypothese:
LENR effects to explain:
Fast alphas
stable isotopes
heat , xrays
no gammas
few neutrons
cathode craters
strange radiation
RF emission and magnetic effects
He looked at models and was not satisfied. He also learned that Increased surface material incresased reaction rates.
He wants a higher electron density to explain the reaction.
He says that Strange radiations = CPs (are the same thing)
People have observed CPs experimentally and he makes a list.
CPs have been also names EVs, EVOs high-density charge, cluster, vortex filaments, ring clusters...
CPs can make craters, a la Boss et al. at SPAWAR, Shoulders, Zhang and Dash.
CPs can make Rings, too see photo on Twitter.
He looks at the magnetic field of a plasma "wire" w?
Assuming the temperature is low, what will stop the collapse?
Answer: The degeneracy pressure of the electron gas.
He computed the degeneracy pressure and his value was along the lines of standard comuted pressure from astrophysics.
Plasma physics at low temperature is not aligned with the observed lifetimes of CPs (up to > 1 hour) - plasmoids do not decays to regular particles.
So he looks at QM which predict that CPs remain in a plasma state. This will work and he goes this path.
His assumptions for the QM model:
CPs contain atomic nuclei densely packed in a long and very narrow plasma channel
The distance between the nuclei are so small that all electrons bound to these nuclei are deloclaized along the channel
(and another one missed it --)
He used relativistic QM, as electron velocities can be up to 80% he speed of light. He show the Klein-Gordon Hamiltonian, and then computes the electric and magnetic potentials, and then solves the Klein-Gordon equation for the radial wave equation. There is no solution to this diff eq equation so he simplifies a bit with an equation is for a single electron in the mean potential.
Main properties of a CP
Length > 10 micrometer no upper limit
radius of the plasma wire 35-130 pm
matter density can be up to 100,000 times denser than ordinary matter
intrinsic current: 0.8-12 kA
Mean electron velocity : 16-40% of light speed
Minimum electric potential -7 to -60 kV from an excess of negative charge (2% more electrons)
binding energy: 10-120 keV per electron (endothermic, preliminary) and disappointing as it is unbound.
He shows graphs of electron densities, then electric and magnetic fields at 9.2 kA.
Coulomb tunneling Hypotheses:
Minimum nuclear distance at 9.2kA
Coulomb tunneling (fusion) is probable with all sorts of elements not merely d-d fusion
really cold fusion : no kinetic energy require for passing the Coulomb barrier.
When that tunneling happens, some of that energy of excited elements can cause spallation and fusion-fission.
He has many other hypotheses too.
Proper shielding (iron) is required as CPs can damage cell tissue produced intense xray and UV light, they can pass through LENR walls, destroy electronic components, and can ionize all matter, which often looks like melting.
from Hungary, Jozsef Garai gives Physical model for Lattice assisted nuclear reactions
Norman Cook told Garai in a letter he should come to ICCF; they had collaborated for two decades.
Nuclear lattic models from Wigner Pauling and Cook are shown, along with Garai's.
He has a double tetrahedron nuclear lattice model based on the periodicity of the elements, and derived from the sequence of the atomic number.
Bohr's model explains the main emission/absorption lines of the H atom, though ere are many problems that he lists.
One that improves the Bohr model, outside of the atom the electron is a point charge, but when close it becomes a wave propagating as a surface charge to the nucleus.
Classical EM says a standing wave has no emission. When jumping from one wave to a another wave you have emission.
At Normal Cook's urging, he began to think about how the electron structure model is compelling to explain the oberved uclear eaction at low energy and he started a more systematic study and he chose Pd-D system.
Garai believes that successful PdD experiments have (from Storms' books):
slow loading
D2O should be pure, containing the least H2O
The loading of D/Pd should be higher than 85%.
Deuterium molecules D2 should be present in the palladium deuterite
Presence of non-vacancies
Higher than a threshold density is required.
Laser excitation enhance the reaction
Magnetic field increases reaction
Heat production is localized with mini-explosions.
He says a vacancy should be in the lattice and the lattice should be filled with a D modecule and that is possible only if the lattice is filled
energy should be at a threshold level.
Now he proposes an experimental model based on vacancies: D2 molecule in the vacancy subject to vibration will eventually create He4.
Theoretical requires from a successful model (from Storms' books):
Helium is generated without significant radiation
Effects occur with H or D
Tritium is produced. ...
Reactions occur at localized sites.
Garai believes much enhanced tunneling helped by electron shielding.
Hot fusion pathway ratios should NOT be the same for LENR. No fragmentation in LENR allows the making of DD -> He4 directly.
The energy generated is transferred to the lattice and observed as heat and phonons.
He says you need a vacancy, while Storms says you need a crack.
the calculated fundamental frequency in cavity/vacancy for D2 molecule is 21.65 THz consistent with experiments.
JeanLuc Paillet has an EDO model and computes the Dirac anomalous wavefunction with finite ostentail inside nuclear r<R (very close to the nucleus.
Lots of text on slides, so here's some lines:
Semi-classical simulation are a valuable help and Relativity implied by HUR is the solution for EDO confinement.
Lamb shift is very strong in High electric field and has repulsive dominant effect.
Electrons confined near the nucleus are ultra-relativistic.
The whole potential for an H-atom is described by a piecewise expression:
The outside solution is given by the general solution.
The inside solutions are simply polynomial solutions.
He must have continuity at r=R
Note that the mean radius varies very slowly as a function of the energy r1~r0 , rapid stopping of the iteration (fixed point)
There is possible tunneling from atomic zone to EDO zone
The general wavefuction could be a linear combination of the EDO state and atomic ground state, with amplitude coefficient lambdaEDO~ 0.003.
Wednesday morning at ICCF22
LEAP from David J. Nagel LENRIA Experiment and Analysis Program
To privde a means for LENR to break out to become recognized and funded as a legitimate field of Science.
Break OUt means awareness and acceptance of LENR by the scientific community as a legitmate field of scientifc inquire, adequate funding of LENR research by government agencies, and awareness of the field by the gnereal public, especially those concerned with .....
Program conceived in 2013 by Steve Katinsky and is now funded by Anthropocene Institute.
Goal is to Increase RESEARCH and Commercialization
Strategy is to Perform the same LENR experiment, which been qualified to produce excess heat, at multiple major laboratories.
PHASE 1 Re-d PD-B Excess Heat experiments, Procure new PdB Cathode Material Develop hardware and Software
Phase 2 Document the LEAP and Procure Funding for the Second Phase. clone experiments
PHASE 1 Use of the original successful Pd B alloys and newly made PdB alloys
NRL Pd B cathodes produced excess power in 9 out of 10 experiments performed by Melvin Miles at Navy labs and in Japan.
There is a small wattage output, but solid measurements.
They are using original material and new materials are being tested, they have the data and the data is now being analyzed.
There is a Big difference in grain size from old 1994 material and new 2019 material. New grain size is small, while old material grain size is BIG.
New calorimeter is thick walled lucite tube. 3D printed "cage" gets "soft" at higher temperatures, so they are right now having another support made.
Preparation mostly done, and Pd-B experimental runs began in August.
He began with a definition of excitation transfer (which I missed). and he is drilling down on the excitation experiments that Peter Hagelstein refered to. Florian is getting down into the details of the action but there is still mnay unknowns.
Current experiments use an xray spectromometer that gives four different energy bands, and visible residue is Fe-57, from previously decayed Cobalt-57. There was an increase of emission for high denstiy Fe-57 region during mechanical stress.
OK, that was short as I called out to take the group photo and we had to find a spot. I had a video camera, not the best for an group photo with 140+ attendees. Bill and I found a spot to take the photo, and then we moved it, and moved it again, and moved it again... Bob greenyer and a young fellow helping Bill had real photo cameras and were able to get the shot. It was pretty hot by then.
After the photo shoot, we ate lunch and then lined up for the bus to Assisi. I got on the second bus, and noticed - I don't have my phone. Panic ensued and I had to get of the bus to go find my phone. Luckily it was in "the office" and I calmed down. But I missed the bus to Assisi and all the fun.
No matter. I sat and talked with Alan Goldwater and Bo Gardmark outside on a bench under a tree. There were no lectures so Bo and I walked to a gihugic church made of old old stone and beautiful marble tilings. It was cool inside, but when we came out, the heat was strong. It's been sunny with a few clouds. Perfect.
Here there is a sequence of events with a cause and effect relationship. First, nanomechanical instabilites form nanocrack and/or nan-bubbles, then there is THz emission, then LENR occurs, then there are neutron emissions.
Neutron emission from rock specimens
During a preliminary experimental analysis, four rock specimens were used: two made of Carrara marble, and two of Luserna granite, following compression failure.
Brittle fraction experiment carrara matble specimen
Load vs. time and cps cure for P3 test speciman of granite.
Green Luserna also produced neutron emission. (in the picture) One of the big stones gave neutron emissions, but the smaller rocks did not produce any neutrons.
He also detected the presence of iron.
Other materials investigated include luserna stone, basalt magnetitie which were more enriched with iron dioxide, ...
Steel emits up to 2.5 time the background level (of neutrons).
Granite emits up to 10 time the background level.
Basalt emits up to 10^2 time sthe Background level.
Magnetite emits up to 10^3 times the background level.
Marble emits about background level.
For granite Phengite, 2.2% of the Fe disappeared.
For Aluminium, 2% more appeared.
for granite, there is a 3% loss with respect to Carrara marble. and a 13% increase in carbon.
Wavelength vs. frequency, he shows a diagram with a computation of wave velocity = 10^3 m/s.
There are high frequency vibration.
1) Teraherz phonons present an energy equivalent to that of thermal neutrons.
2) TerHertz phonons present a frequency equivalent to the Debye frequency.
Experimental spot: The mine is structured in five levels and a pillar located at about 100 kilometers from our location in the town of Murisengo.
Carpinteri mapped the earthquakes and fractal emission. Neutrons will peak about 7 or 8 days after an earthquake.
A step-wise function that steps and jumps, (depending on the element),
3.8 billion years ago, there was bigtime tectonic activity, as well as 2.5 million years ago, producing a sharp increase in Carbon, Silicon and Alumina.
Calcium depletion vs Ocean Formation
There was big steps in oxidation about 3.8 billion years ago, and 2.5 million years ago.
Now he shows a picture of his simple cold fusion cell. palladium electrode after the test. He says Storms says in his book that we can have a reaction if we have microcracks, which are available.
Also new elements are found on the electrodes.
Here there is a sequence of events with a cause and effect relationship. First, nanomechanical instabilites form nanocrack and/or nan-bubbles, then there is THz emission, then LENR occurs, then there are neutron emissions.
Neutron emission from rock specimens
During a preliminary experimental analysis, four rock specimens were used: two made of Carrara marble, and two of Luserna granite, following compression failure.
Brittle fraction experiment carrara matble specimen
Load vs. time and cps cure for P3 test speciman of granite.
Green Luserna also produced neutron emission. (in the picture) One of the big stones gave neutron emissions, but the smaller rocks did not produce any neutrons.
He also detected the presence of iron.
Other materials investigated include luserna stone, basalt magnetitie which were more enriched with iron dioxide, ...
Steel emits up to 2.5 time the background level (of neutrons).
Granite emits up to 10 time the background level.
Basalt emits up to 10^2 time sthe Background level.
Magnetite emits up to 10^3 times the background level.
Marble emits about background level.
For granite Phengite, 2.2% of the Fe disappeared.
For Aluminium, 2% more appeared.
for granite, there is a 3% loss with respect to Carrara marble. and a 13% increase in carbon.
Wavelength vs. frequency, he shows a diagram with a computation of wave velocity = 10^3 m/s.
There are high frequency vibration.
1) Teraherz phonons present an energy equivalent to that of thermal neutrons.
2) TerHertz phonons present a frequency equivalent to the Debye frequency.
Experimental spot: The mine is structured in five levels and a pillar located at about 100 kilometers from our location in the town of Murisengo.
Carpinteri mapped the earthquakes and fractal emission. Neutrons will peak about 7 or 8 days after an earthquake.
A step-wise function that steps and jumps, (depending on the element),
3.8 billion years ago, there was bigtime tectonic activity, as well as 2.5 million years ago, producing a sharp increase in Carbon, Silicon and Alumina.
Calcium depletion vs Ocean Formation
There was big steps in oxidation about 3.8 billion years ago, and 2.5 million years ago.
Now he shows a picture of his simple cold fusion cell. palladium electrode after the test. He says Storms says in his book that we can have a reaction if we have microcracks, which are available.
Also new elements are found on the electrodes.
She is talking about the collision of super multi-jets. Jets of what I don't know!
But the reaction chamber (small 18 mm diameter) and device is on a track, and when the device reacts, I believe the unit will move, yes, she is measuring thrust and getting 103-167 Newtons for several cycles at startup.
There are questions as to why this is called a "weak cold fusion engine" as this seems far from cold fusion reactions, says the questioner.
That may be but this girl is going places and is bound to do something amazing in her career.
He is using Maxwell's EM equations, adn their "remarkable consequences", like explaining "what mass is made of, explains what charges are made of, and he doesn't need EM gauge invariance constraints, which removes paradoxes. His next slide shows connections between EM and QM: one of which is QM probability denstity is EM Langrangian density (Lorentz invariant)
and also, gauge invariance is a property of the QM wavefunction (not a real symmetry of EM) The consequence: Heisenberg uncertainty applies only to those oscillation modes of the particle wavefunction which exist.
Local speed of electric charge is always the speed of light, but goes into decomposition into ZBW wave and particle motions. The energy of the wave is less than we had before, but it gains kinetic energy.
This is hard to follow for me. I will have to say, "read the paper"!
