Keieueue, I take your downvotes as a badge of honor. Please, by all means, continue. 
Can we talk about Holmlid?
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The denser that those cavities are, the greater their number is per unit of surface area, the more effective is the metal at producing H(0), and the more H(0) can be formed. So a metal with the highest density of surface nanocavities provides the most H(0). How we do that ?
Mix equal parts of nanoparticles of nickel and aluminum together and ball mill them for a week or two. Then wash the mixture in Lye
See post
me356: Reactor parameters [part 2]
This nickel powder is a 100 times improvement in hydrogen storage over Ni carbonyl powder.
You cab buy this high potency powder here
This is the company that patented the plasma fabricated high activity catalyst powder mentioned above.
Company ProfileSector: Industrials
Industry: Electrical Equipment
Sub-Industry: Electrical Components
SDC Materials, Inc. designs, develops, and integrates nanomaterials. The Company focuses on elemental nano metals, alloys, carbides, nitrides, and ceramics, as well as additives including nano aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, molybdenum, silicon, and tantalum dispersions. SDC Materials operates worldwide.Corporate InformationAddress:
940 South Park Lane
Suite 2
Tempe, AZ 85281
United StatesPhone: 1-480-966-6106
Fax: -
Web url: sdcmaterials.com -
Unusual electron bindings have very different characteristics from nuclear changes, for example they cannot cause transmutation.
I'm glad that someone else here feels the same general sentiment.I only take slight issue with this statement, which I am willing to argue with to the contrary in a different context. But my impression up to now has been that the specific question of electrons leading to transmutations (via the weak interaction) is relevant to Holmlid anyway.
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The type of transition metal is not the important factor. It is how the metal is surfaced that is important. The hydrogen is compressed into the nanocavities on the surface of the metal.
@axil Read the paper I linked above. It talks about bulk saturation of H into the metal, not surface adsorption. The bulk loading proceeds deep into the grain boundaries, resulting in nano-scale cracking throughout the substrate. This is not what you are describing and has been often assumed about the process. I think it's an important distinction.
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@axil Read the paper I linked above. It talks about bulk saturation of H into the metal, not surface adsorption. The bulk loading proceeds deep into the grain boundaries, resulting in nano-scale cracking throughout the substrate. This is not what you are describing and has been often assumed about the process. I think it's an important distinction.
There are many ways to skin a cat. High hydrogen loading will fracture the lattice and produce the nooks and crannies that H(0) will form in. This is a fabrication method that allows hydrogen to get inside the metal lattice.
Mozuno uses high voltage discharge to pit the surface of a nickel or palladium sheet to produce the nanocavities,
The bottom line: the fabrication method that produces the most nanocavities that holds the most hydrogen is the best fabrication method. This determination is open to opinion at this point.
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A microparticle with a surface covered with 3 NM cavities inside the same metal (matter) ? is the best LENR catalyst no matter what the metal type is.
@ David: Are you sure. 5nm particles with 3nm cavities?
Anyway one point in this discussion has been completely lost: The surface of the particle (surrounding the cavities) should be as planar as possible to allow plasmonic resonances to occur!
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David Nagel is a good communicator, there is an article by him on this topic too in 'Infinite Energy'.
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David Nagel is a good communicator, there is an article by him on this topic too in 'Infinite Energy'.
Thanks, also interesting. While quickly scanning the document I found this excerpt:QuoteA recent paper by Biberian et al. reviewed LENR experiments in which oxides played a role. 104 The authors note that running electrochemical LENR experiments in Teflon or polymer coated cells does not produce excess heat.
I mentioned this in a previous post. Holmlid also found that his ultra-dense hydrogen is strongly depleted on polymer surfaces.
http://scitation.aip.org/conte…/111/12/10.1063/1.4729078From the withdrawn patent application which references the above paper: https://www.google.com/patents/EP2680271A1
QuoteThe reasons why some materials can support a larger amount of ultradense hydrogen than other materials are not yet fully understood. It has, however, been found that when ultra-dense hydrogen is allowed to fall from the hydrogen transfer catalyst onto a carrier comprising a metal or metal oxide surface portion surrounded by polymer (organic or inorganic) surface portion, the density of ultra-dense hydrogen is substantially higher on the metal (or metal oxide) than on the (organic or inorganic) polymer.
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Thanks, also interesting. While quickly scanning the document I found this excerpt:
I mentioned this in a previous post. Holmlid also found that his ultra-dense hydrogen is strongly depleted on polymer surfaces.
http://scitation.aip.org/conte…/111/12/10.1063/1.4729078From the withdrawn patent application which references the above paper: https://www.google.com/patents/EP2680271A1
One possibility that contributes to the stability of the H(0) is the reinforcement of the spin wave on the surface of the H(0) by Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) that are produced on the metal interface layer between the hydrogen and the metal.
The outside surface of the H(0) is negatively charged and might be covered by a spin wave comprised of magnons which are magnetic polaritons. The magnetic field flux lines produced by the spin wave serves to confine, protect, and retain the structure of the H(0). A polariton friendly surface is a H(0) friendly surface. Holmlid uses copper to store H(0) doesn't he?
Polaritons usually populate on the surface of nanowire as shown below.
A fluorescent picture of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on the surface of a microwire.
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One possibility that contributes to the stability of the H(0) is the reinforcement of the spin wave on the surface of the H(0) by Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) that are produced on the metal interface layer between the hydrogen and the metal.
The outside surface of the H(0) is negatively charged and might be covered by a spin wave comprised of magnons which are magnetic polaritons. The magnetic field flux lines produced by the spin wave serves to confine, protect, and retain the structure of the H(0). A polariton friendly surface is a H(0) friendly surface. Holmlid uses copper to store H(0) doesn't he?
I do not think that Holmlid has ever tried storing this ultra-dense hydrogen material and I also do not think (or recall reading at least) that he ever used copper besides as a radiation shield in one experiment. But in http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947276 (open access, written in 2016 with a researcher from Airbus) it is claimed that:
1. There is a tendency of the H(0) to remain in a superfluid state up to higher temperatures on metals with a high melting point temperature.
2. On metals with a strong affinity with hydrogen (such as Nickel) the H(0) will tend to diffuse quicker into the bulk, getting removed from the surface.On the basis of these two points I speculate that a low-melting temperature metal with a strong affinity for hydrogen (perhaps, even hydride-forming) would be best for storage.
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For the formation phase I would agree that hydride-forming materials will probably work against this process. Holmlid typically uses a porous Fe2O3:K catalyst for the formation of ultra-dense hydrogen
This is also what R.Mills proposes as a catalysator to build his "hydrino" state of H... It seems that we see a convergence!
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This is also what R.Mills proposes as a catalysator to build his "hydrino" state of H... It seems that we see a convergence!
After having finally found written clearly in one of the papers of Holmlid that the formation ultra-dense hydrogen is strongly exothermic (much more than the formation of any other chemical compound, but less than nuclear reactions) I think that indeed there may be a convergence.
However from what I know R.Mills seems to reject the possibility that any nuclear process could be involved with hydrinos. Am I correct or is this a common misconception?
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However from what I know R.Mills seems to reject the possibility that any nuclear process could be involved with hydrinos. Am I correct or is this a common misconception?
Physics is not like religion: Mill's can believe what he wants. But he made some patent claims, which could be invalid if somebody shows that in fact LENR happened...
I "believe" that hydrogen is always involved in LENR because of the special nature (symmetry) of the proton/deuteron.
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Physics is not like religion: Mill's can believe what he wants. But he made some patent claims, which could be invalid if somebody shows that in fact LENR happened...I "believe" that hydrogen is always involved in LENR because of the special nature (symmetry) of the proton/deuteron.
I do not know much of the Mills Hydrino theory besides the very basics from this useful website:
http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/Hydrinos_explained.htmlAnd I do not know to what extent he could be wrong or right compared to Holmlid. Who is closer? Let us assume that Mills is and that Holmlid is actually seeing some form of hydrino of precise energy levels enabled by the elements of the catalysts he uses.
Then this means that all these talks of powder preparation, preprocessings, nanoparticles, etc. are exactly pointless.
The reaction could be done purely with plasma discharges using hydrogen and other suitable gaseous elements that would allow the formation of such compact atoms with the release of more energy than conventional chemistry and perhaps nuclear power if they shrink enough. -
The reaction could be done purely with plasma discharges using hydrogen and other suitable gaseous elements that would allow the formation of such compact atoms with the release of more energy than conventional chemistry and perhaps nuclear power if they shrink enough.
In fact: The very first real promizing LENR experiments where electrolysis/ gas discharge, with sometimes phantastic COP's. Also Parkhomov worked that
way first, with his Fackel XY experiments. (Some P&F work is there too)
If somebody with deep experience in electrolysys would pair with a specialist in arc-discharge and then collect the overunity of H2 disposed, to just recombine the H with O in a fuel-cell, it would be very easy to get virtually infinite COP!
Mill's tries to get the checkpot, with H ignited Ti LENR... directly converting the light to current via a multi band PVC. -
Wyttenbach,
I was sort of overreacting. In theory Rydberg matter too could potentially be formed with plasma discharges in hydrogen, but there could be issues which would reduce greatly the probability of forming it compared to desorption from surfaces (and in particular metal oxide surfaces). Holmlid wrote about it in 2002, although it referred specifically to laser-cooled excited gases: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/14/49/305 (paywalled, use www.sci-hub.cc for access)
Anyway, after a search I found that according to Randell Mills the Hydrino is still a gas "lighter than air". This would contradict a great lot of Holmlid's findings with time-of-flight studies with laser probing that determined that many of the properties of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) and Rydberg matter H(1).
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https://www.google.com/patents/US4333796
Method of generating energy by acoustically induced cavitation fusion and reactor therefor
US 4333796 A
ABSTRACTA potential method for creating LENR metalized lithium hydride fuel is to use the immense pressures and temperatures generated in cavitation bubble collapse to generate the metallized hydride and to energize it. A patent dated 1978 allows the concept to be used as open source IP. The use of a nickel impeller might be used to create the cavitation bubbles and also provide a flow of liquefied lithium hydride circulating in a closed loop so that the metalized lithium hydride nanocrystals produced by cavitation can be captured by filtration in nano sized filtration material.
Nickel nanofoam can be used as a nanofilter to capture the metalized ultra dense lithium hydride. The nickel foam can be placed in the lithium hydride circuit and when sufficiently saturated with nanoparticles can be removed and transferred as fuel into a LENR reactor.
Multiple methods can generate cavitation bubble collapse including laser discharge, spark discharge, ultrasound transducers, and impellers.
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Axil,
Interesting that the patent is from year 1978 and strange that there do not seem to be practical applications yet (as far as I am aware of). It seems related with more recent claims of bubble fusion. I recall reading of similar ideas from other people in more recent times.
As for your suggestion of using nickel: unfortunately nickel is the metal that is the most corroded by liquid lithium, from what I read some months ago on LENR-Forum.
Also, I suspect that if any sort of dense metallic hydrogen species produced in the process managed to not get ignited during cavitation bubble collapse it would likely remain bonded with the hot lithium with no easy way of getting filtered out.
Lithium was actually the metal I thought about several posts ago that could have been the most suitable for the storage of ultra-dense hydrogen H(0).
On this regard it should also be interesting to consider that if a suitable metal that could store efficiently H(0) existed it would potentially also allow to indirectly prove its existence by gravimetric analysis.
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Axil,
Interesting that the patent is from year 1978 and strange that there do not seem to be practical applications yet (as far as I am aware of). It seems related with more recent claims of bubble fusion. I recall reading of similar ideas from other people in more recent times.
As for your suggestion of using nickel: unfortunately nickel is the metal that is the most corroded by liquid lithium, from what I read some months ago on LENR-Forum.
Also, I suspect that if any sort of dense metallic hydrogen species produced in the process managed to not get ignited during cavitation bubble collapse it would likely remain bonded with the hot lithium with no easy way of getting filtered out.
Lithium was actually the metal I thought about several posts ago that could have been the most suitable for the storage of ultra-dense hydrogen.
The erosion of nuckel is a good thing in that a triple hydride is formed that will reduce the pressure at which the metalized hydride is generated. To amplify the lowering of the hydride temperature threshold, the impeller might be better made of molybdenum. This might form a complex multi metal hydride with a very low metalization temperature.
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The erosion of nuckel is a good thing in that a triple hydride is formed that will reduce the pressure at which the metalized hydride is generated. To amplify the lowering of the hydride temperature threshold, the impeller might be better made of molybdenum. This might form a complex multi metal hydride with a very low metalization temperature.In that case, it should be simpler to just use the desired lithium hydride alloy and suitable acoustic horns for cavitation instead of a sacrificial cavitating impeller.
Better yet would be if such liquid alloy had already dissolved within it significant amounts of H(0) produced beforehand with other methods than cavitation. Then cavitation could be used for ignition instead of a laser as Holmlid does. I suspect that it may be a bit dangerous.
