I propose that D2 is confined in surface T site and D2 is vibrating inside T site.
The patent is LENR Tool with surface potential control electrode.
This is very important to deplete electron in the surface-near region of metal.
Electrons shield the coulomb potential between D+ and D-.
Electrons slow down the vibration of D2 in T site.
I need the support to verify my patent.
Note that
(1) The electrons hinder D+ hopping to T site with D- due to the shielding of attractive force between D+ and D- .
(2) The electrons interact with D2 and reduce the energy of D2 vibration.
Thus control of the electron density on the surface-near region is important.
So I propose that Cold Fusion tool to have the mechanism of control of surface potential of metal to deplete electron on the surface-near region, because the surface near region is susceptible to the external electric field which induce the charge on the metal surface..
co-existance/duarity of D+ and D-
from the paper(Applied physical properties of metal hydrides) by Yamaguchi(in Japanese) told that
http://www.hess.jp/Search/data/11-02-030.pdf
The electronic state of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage metal is thought to 2 hypotheses,
(1) Proton model; hydrogen releases the electron to be H+ and
(2)Anion model; hydrogen captures the one electron to be H-.
Electrical resistance, magnetic permeability and specific heat had been explained via the convenient model of either via (1) or (2).
Whereas recent study of electronic structure of the hydrogen storage metal by Switendick has shown that both of the two models explain the one side of the fact.
Thus I think hydrogen has the duality in the metal, meaning that hydrogen can coexists.
Cold fusion is caused by the D-D reaction by D-D vibration in the small cavity of metal.
related papers
Unique hydrogen storage of palladium nanoparticles
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/hamon/27/3/27_95/_pdf
Physical Model for Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions
Jozsef Garai
https://vixra.org/pdf/1901.0262v2.pdf
The model consistent with the conditions required for successive experiments and offers physical explanation for the occurrence of nuclear fusion at low energies. Based on this atomic scale description, the vibrational frequency of the D2 molecules in vacancy is calculated. The fundamental frequency of the vibrating Deuterium molecule in a cavity is 21.65 THz, which is almost identical with the observed “sweet spot” in the two laser experiments at 20.8 THz, indicating that this previously unidentified peak represents the self frequency of the Deuterium molecule in vacancy. The fundamental frequencies in vacancies for HD and H2 molecules are also calculated. It is predicted that these frequencies in HD or H2 systems should also activate the reaction and that these fundamental frequencies in cavities should remain unchanged regardless of the hosting lattice.
Laser Stimulation Of Deuterated Palladium: Past And Present
Dennis Letts
12015 Ladrido Ln,
Austin, Texas USA
https://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LettsDlaserstimu.pdf
8 Crude Model
A crude model has been proposed by one of us (Letts); its only redeeming quality is that it does provide a method to tune the laser. The wavelengths produced by the model have worked in the laboratory but there is no physical reason why they should work, other than luck. For discussion purposes, please consider the graphic shown in Figure 12.
Relativity and Electron Deep Orbits of the Hydrogen Atom
J. L. Paillet1, A. Meulenberg2
1Aix-Marseille University, France, [email protected]
2Science for Humanity Trust, Inc., USA, [email protected]
https://vixra.org/pdf/1606.0259v1.pdf
- 1. The relativistic equations can predict EDOs with a mean radius of order femto-meter;
The orbit and energy is calculated in the following paper.
J. Maly and J. Va’vra,
Electron Transitions on Deep Dirac Levels II, Fusion Technology, Vol. 27, January 1995
Table1A shows that Relativistic Schrodinger Levels for Hydrogen (Z = 1)、
Deep-electron Orbits in Cold Fusion
A. Meulenberg ∗
Science for Humanity Trust Inc. Tucker, GA, USA
K.P. Sinha
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
http://coldfusioncommunity.net…18/07/368_JCMNS-Vol13.pdf
7. Deep Orbits and Cold Fusion
Deep-orbit electrons are the ultimate Coulomb screen. Atomic or ‘free’ electrons cannot spend sufficient time close to a proton to shield its positive charge from another proton. The deep-orbit electrons can. They make a proton look like a‘fat-neutron’. Fusion becomes inevitable; however, there are many kinds of fusion possible with this proton combined with a DDL electron, p# or H# [1]. We will only sample the cases of hydrogen.
I think this can be explained by the following way based on D2 stretching vibration.
the d is shrinking approaching to d, the electron cloud close to proton surface can shield the coulomb repulsive force efficiently due to the closer orbit of electron.,
And in the closer between p-p, the total energy of this system will be minimized so the electron density is re-distributed to get the denser in the region between p-p, and the speed of redistribution is faster due to the faster electron speed.