Alan Smith Admin-Experimenter
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    Five things we don’t know about the Higgs

    On 4 July 2012, researchers at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider declared success in their long search for the Higgs boson. The elusive particle’s discovery filled in the last gap in the standard model — physicists’ best description of particles and forces — and opened a new window onto physics by providing a way to learn about the Higgs field and how it gives particles their masses. But many of the properties of the Higgs boson remain mysterious.

    Nature | 8 min read (from 2022)

    Emergent properties in Chemistry.

    (Open access paper which leads me to speculate that LENR is also an emergent phenomenon that is dependent on particular. sets of conditions where the properties of bulk materials may be radically different to those of assemblies of more finite numbers of atoms.)

    Abstract

    Certain properties of an object only emerge when a sufficient number of those objects are present in a definite arrangement. For example, one or two water molecules cannot said to be in a liquid state, but a drop of water can be. This concept of emergence has been studied extensively, but only occasionally discussed explicitly in the context of chemistry. In this paper, we aim to show the fruitfulness of the concept of emergence for chemical inquiry by considering four case studies of emergent chemical properties, i. e., the liquidity and freezing of water, structural properties of crystals, thermodynamical phase transitions and quantum mechanical phenomena. We show that some of these properties emerge gradually, some at discrete points, and some should be taken to emerge only when the number of constituents tends to infinity. We argue that studying the way in which chemical properties emerge presents a useful avenue for research that promises greater insight into the nature of those properties.


    https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.202303868?utm_source=cw_reaction&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=cw_newsletters

    I think you need to look at so called 'pancake' motors made for electric aircraft, and also the electronic systems (ESCs) made to drive them - ESCs; - Electronic Speed controls create a multi-phase rotating field which powers the coils in sequence to create a rotating field. Pancake motors are possibly best for this since they have the central clearance you need to fit your plasma tube into.


    This video will tell you a little more. In your case you don't need a rotor but put your plasma tube where the coils are and make sure t cannot rotate.


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    These are typical motors

    TMotor UAV Brushless Motor Antigravity MN6007II KV320
    Description TMotor UAV Brushless Motor Antigravity MN6007II KV320 Offers ultra light-weight design Provides 2 kg advised single-axis take-off thrust Easy to…
    uk.robotshop.com


    But my advice is to go find a local model making group -where they build aeroplanes or cars or drones- and ask for advice about your local market. They are the experts on this topic before you spend any money.

    Just for fun...


    A very interesting paper about the principle of least action in the field of quantum physics.

    "Demonstration of the quantum principle of least action with single photons", by

    Wen, YL., Wang, Y., Tian, LM. et al.

       Nature Photonics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01212-1

    ABSTRACT


    The principle of least action is arguably the most fundamental principle in physics as it can be used to derive the equations of motion in various branches of physics. However, this principle has not been experimentally demonstrated at the quantum level because the propagators for Feynman’s path integrals have never been observed. The propagator is a fundamental concept and contains various significant properties of a quantum system in the path integral formulation, so its experimental observation is itself essential in quantum mechanics. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally observe the propagators of single photons based on the method of directly measuring quantum wave functions. Furthermore, we obtain the classical trajectories of single photons in free space and in a harmonic trap based on the extremum of the observed propagators, thereby experimentally demonstrating the quantum principle of least action. Our work paves the way for experimentally exploring the fundamental problems of quantum theory in the formulation of path integrals.

    Best regards

    Expanding the bull’s eye of solar development on public lands
    The Bureau of Land Management wants to open a vast frontier of public land the size of Indiana to solar development
    thebulletin.org

    Expanding the bull’s eye of solar development on public lands to 34,000 square miles.

    Proposed changes to the US Bureau of Land Management’s Western Solar Plan would clear the way for large solar energy projects to be built across vast tracts of public lands in 11 western states. The proposed amount of land available to the solar industry ranges between 8 acres and 55 million acres, depending on the proposed scenario (the Bureau of Land Management provides five alternatives). The agency’s preferred plan would open up 22 million acres, or 34,375 square miles, to solar development—an area roughly the size of the state of Indiana.

    The federal agency estimates over the next decade solar projects could be developed on one million acres across all western public lands, an area one-and-a-half times the size of Rhode Island.

    The changes are part of the Biden administration’s efforts to advance clean energy and transmission infrastructure, construct carbon pollution-free power, and increase grid resiliency to prevent power outages. The administration’s goal is to achieve a 100 percent clean electricity grid by 2035, an ambitious timeline that experts say will also increasingly create land-use conflict in the western United States as renewable energy deployment accelerates.

    Solar development on public lands is controversial because these landscapes can be important to wildlife conservation and cultural resources. The Bureau of Land Management oversees expansive areas of relatively undisturbed habitat for many threatened and endangered species. The lands are important corridors for large mammal migrations, and sites can contain cultural resources or be important places of Native American tribal heritage. Solar projects can be extensive—measured in square miles—and they can cause significant land disturbance, habitat loss and fragmentation, and, for some projects, damage to cultural resources. Although the proposed update to the Western Solar Plan would keep some areas off limits due to environmental or wildlife impacts, there are very weak protections and poorly defined land classifications elsewhere that undermine conservation.

    The Biden administration’s climate action goals are laudable overall, but there are reasons to be skeptical of a plan that prioritizes solar and transmission deployment in patterns that undermine conservation goals, especially when there are so many alternative places to put solar. The Bureau of Land Management’s Western Solar Plan update inverts the original intent of the planning process from one that sought to avoid wildlife and cultural resource conflict to one that prioritizes transmission developer and utility interests on these publicly owned landscapes. This abrupt shift warrants a significant revision before finalizing any new rules, if not outright rejection.

    "The theory presented by Bychkov may seem like science fiction to some, but it is based on laboratory experiments over the past few years. They were designed in different ways, but basically they used an electric discharge striking a solid material - that is, they simulated linear lightning striking the ground. For example, we apply a charge to an aluminum plate. As a result, we get glowing balls that jump on the surface and then explode. Their size is very small, on the order of millimeters, but when they explode, they leave star-like marks on the paper. When the ball fell into the water (we specially placed a cuvette), a metal sphere fell out, and a shell floated nearby. The study showed that the sphere is almost pure aluminum, and the “shell” is Al2O3 oxide,” the scientist says about the experiments."


    That is about as surprising as me getting hungry around dinnertime.

    Spotted by former member Greg Goble, this paper which is a first major effort at data mining over 4,500 LENR research reports was presented at an IEEE meeting in Tokyo. Professor David Nagel who along with Professor Anasse Bari was an advisor to the team kindly sent me a copy, which is attached.


    Computer science majors Yvonne Wu, Emos Ker, Charles Wang, Benjamin Kang, and Dongjoo Lee, together with their advisors Professors Anasse Bari and David Nagel (George Washington), and other co-authors published a paper, "Towards Understanding Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: Structuring the Literature and Applying Data Analytics"


    Abstract— After more than three decades of research, Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) still pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we introduce a preliminary framework of analytical tools that could assist the LENR community in accessing literature and applying machine learning for mining insights. We first collected and structured a dataset of over 4,500 LENR publications. Following that, we designed and deployed a descriptive analytics tool to search and draw insights by using a platform that allows data slicing based on keywords, authors, publication dates, and other metadata.

    Additionally, we applied unsupervised machine learning algorithms to the data to generate clusters of publications based on semantics and other features. Through interactive interfaces, we enable targeted investigation of specific reported phenomena. Findings provide data-driven insights into the connections between concepts like heat, helium, transmutation, and other measured effects. The analysis also identifies key contributing authors, organizations, and publication venues.

    By moving beyond isolated results to higher level knowledge, this work aims to advance the field by providing revealing relationships in the collective evidence. Our preliminary results and the first version of our tools will be useful for scientists already in the LENR field, as well as for those considering research on the topic. Additionally, they will benefit other scientists and policymakers. We conclude that data science approaches show promise for demystifying and

    advancing LENR, and merit further application to this complex scientific challenge.


    Dave Nagel Bari LENR AI paper.pdf