Muons are mesons (muon is synonymous with mu-meson). Pions are pi-mesons.
Muons are leptons, a heavy electron. Mesons are a quark and an anti quark.
A pion is a meson made of a quark and an anti quark.
We can see if pions are produced randomly by SPPs, there will be confusion inside the nucleus.
Photon's beefy approach to reactor development allows for visualization of the internal processes that occur inside of the reactor. Other developers using such methods as photon as done have reported hard to beleive behavior that is occurring inside of the reactor that they were developing. Is your development process at a stage where Photon can see similar unusual and unexpected behavior that might be occurring inside the Photon reactor. If so, is this a confidential subject? If that is so, will there be a time when such research results will be revealed.
A little over a year ago, in a post submitted on EGO OUT titled "Fundamental Causation Mechanisms of LENR." axil predicted that LENR based SPP theory would produce mesons and those mesons would decay to produced pions, and muons thus resulting in muon catalyzed fusion.
http://egooutpeters.blogspot.c…n-mechanisms-of-lenr.html
A good theory makes predictions that are born out experimentally, and SPP theory has succeeded in this as expressed in the recent Holmlid results.
Since then, this SPP theory has been perfected in that year's time to explain how gamma and neutron radiation has been neutralized and radioactive isotopes are stabilized through the action of SPPs as EMF black holes.
Holmlid says that all sorts of sub atomic particles are produced in his experiments, not just muons, he includes mesons and pions in this collection.
We need to add a few more dots to our analysis. High energy particles have also been detected using protium.
See:
F. Olofson and L. Holmlid, "Detection of MeV particles from ultra-dense protium p(-1): laser-initiated self-compression from p(1)".Nucl. Intr. Meth. B 278 (2012) 34-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.01.036.
Muons can also catalyze fission of heavy Z elements like uranium and thorium as seen in LENR
The proper term for the fission reaction is "Muon induced fission"
See
https://plus.google.com/114022…8253558/posts/6h3gEA3YcSb
The SPPs first generate mesons through Rydberg hydrogen matter then muons are produced by meson decay. Holmlid states that mesons are generated by Rydberg hydrogen matter when stimulated by light.
Holmlid states that muons are detected even when stimulated by the fluorescent lights from his lab when this type of light excites the catalyst. No muons are produced in the dark.
LENR is a reaction based on light. Yes, Rossi uses infrared light and Holmlid uses UV light. Light is converted to huge magnetic force that produces mesons from the vacuum through the Schwinger effect. Hydrogen rydberg matter produces SPPs which store light energy until the resultant magnetic force generated by the SPP is strong enough to produce mesons.
See references: google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&e…TUA&bvm=bv.46471029,d.dmQ
Experiments showing the same mechanism as listed below:"Laser-induced synthesis and decay of Tritium under exposure of solid targets in heavy water"
arxiv.org/abs/1306.0830
Initiation of nuclear reactions under laser irradiation of Au nanoparticles in the presence of Thorium aqua ions
arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0906/0906.4268.pdf
In these experiments, nano geometry of particles converts light energy from the laser into vortex motion of polaritons which are entangled electrons and photons in a nanoplasmonic “Dark Mode” soliton produced on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Without the gold nanoparticles, laser light alone is ineffectual in producing these effects in this type of experiment. If neutrinos were involved, then the laser would not be needed to produce the LENR reaction.The powerful emission of a nano-scale magnetic anapole beam by the soliton produces the separation of the vacuum into positive and negative energy zones. Through quantum fluctuation damping, the magnetic beam also forces the entanglement of the soliton with the U232 nucleus by pumping high levels of magnetic energy into the vacuum. This vacuum energy pumping using EMF energy from microwaves also happens in the EmDrive system under development by NASA where some laser beam probes exceed the speed of light.
Holmlid may be under a nonproductive misconception; he may be barking up the wrong tree. He believes that the reaction that he has invented is akin to inertial confinement hot fusion. But it seems to be more like the reaction that powered the Papp engine where there was a vigorous expansion of plasma with little heat produced.
Holmlid would be better advised to follow the route that Joe Papp took; convert the expanding plasma that the Holmlid reaction produces and drive a piston to convert the energy content in the expanding plasma directly into mechanical energy.
Yes, Holmlid may have rediscovered the Papp reaction.
Display MoreReference:
“WHAT TO NOT DO IN LENR DESIGN
Piantelli: To invest any hopes in the domain below Debye temperature for any metal'”
Besides nickel(450K), the other group 10 elements: palladium(274K) and platinum(240K) have a Debye temperature below the freezing point of water. Gold(165K) and silver(225K) have a Debye temperature close to the freeing point of CO2. Only Holmlid’s substrate of choice, Iridium(420K), has a Debye temperature on a par with nickel. Carbon(2230K) is non starter in LENR design.
But there is something wrong with this assumption about Debye temperature. This assumption was violated with respect to Iridium since Holmlid got muons to appear under florescent light in his Lab at room temperature.
On the other hand, the muons could have been produced by potassium(91K) and/or solid hydrogen(?K).
A “secret sauce” alkali catalyst could make Piantelli’s observations about Debye temperature irrelevant.
Reference:
“WHAT TO NOT DO IN LENR DESIGN
a) Piantelli: To invest any hopes in the domain below Debye temperature for any metal'”
Besides nickel(450K), the other group 10 elements: palladium(274K) and platinum(240K) have a Debye temperature below the freezing point of water. Gold(165K) and silver(225K) have a Debye temperature close to the freeing point of CO2. Only Holmlid’s substrate of choice, Iridium(420K), has a Debye temperature on a par with nickel.
But there is something wrong with this assumption about Debye temperature. This assumption was violated with respect to Iridium since Holmlid got muons to appear under florescent light in his Lab at room temperature.
On the other hand, the muons could have been produced by potassium(91K) and/or solid hydrogen(?K).
A “secret sauce” alkali catalyst could make Piantelli’s observations about Debye temperature irrelevant.
Display MoreOK, That is all quite interesting, almost like good fiction. But, I still need simple testable hypotheses to move forward. Grand visions surely will recur in the eventual revolution to come. As a retrospective example: even Einstein's visions (Special and General Relativity) have been repeatedly tested in various ways.
The correct path is in there somewhere. Physics has been plagued by dogmas many times before. Critical tests can sort out the underlying reality [reveal ever bigger slices of the actual "iceberg"} to synthesize the ever-expanding data our advancing instruments now give us. The somewhat painful part of testing is that one may have to abandon a favored idea or two.
Anyway, thanks Axil for your patient discourse.
Longview
Here is more and it is simple and testable.
There have been experiments performed that show nuclear activity as a result of this powerful EMF concentration. This powerful anapole magnetic beam may be causing a compensating production of negative vacuum energy associated with these SPP nano sized solitons.
I list these experiments below that show increased rates of nuclear decay of radioactive isotopes, and fission of thorium without neutrons. These are wet systems where gold nano particles are irradiated with a relatively low powered laser. When these gold nano-particles are not present, no nuclear effects are observed.
I reference nanoplasmonic based experiments here to show how the confinement of electrons on the surface of gold nanoparticles: a nanoplasmonic mechanism can change the half-life of U232 from 69 years to 6 microseconds. It also causes thorium to fission without neutrons.
See references:
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CC4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fpdf%2F1112.6276&ei=nI6UUeG1Fq-N0QGypIAg&usg=AFQjCNFB59F1wkDv-NzeYg5TpnyZV1kpKQ&sig2=fhdWJ_enNKlLA4HboFBTUA&bvm=bv.46471029,d.dmQ
Experiments showing the same mechanism as listed below:
"Laser-induced synthesis and decay of Tritium under exposure of solid targets in heavy water"
http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0830
Initiation of nuclear reactions under laser irradiation of Au nanoparticles in the presence of Thorium aqua ions
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0906/0906.4268.pdf
In these experiments, nano geometry of particles converts light energy from the laser into vortex motion of electrons in a nanoplasmonic “Dark Mode” soliton produced on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. Without the gold nanoparticles, laser light alone is ineffectual in producing these effects in this type of experiment.
The powerful emission of a nano-scale magnetic anapole beam by the soliton produces the separation of the vacuum into positive and negative energy zones. Through quantum fluctuation damping, the magnetic beam also forces the entanglement of the soliton with the U232 nucleus by pumping high levels of magnetic energy into the vacuum. This vacuum energy pumping using EMF energy from microwaves also happens in the EmDrive system under development by NASA where some laser beam probes exceed the speed of light.
In another thought, action of nano sized particles and structures could be based on time acceleration by those nano structures as a result of negative vacuum energy production. This mechanism could be the cause of catalytic reaction acceleration.
It was recently discovered in the EmDrive system that laser beams passing through certain volumes of the microwave cavity traveled faster than light. This may be due to the segregation of negative vacuum energy produced by the uneven concentration of EMF which separates the vacuum into positive and negative zones of energy.
The EmSystem may be producing virtual particles, that is, making real particles spring out of the vacuum just like Holmlid does with mesons. This particle creation mechanism is also simple and testable.
In conclusion, I am interested in how rapid if not almost instantaneous radioactive stabilization of radioactive isotopes occurs and only stable isotopes result from nuclear reactions caused by this nanoplasmonic based effect. I am impressed by the possible role of negative vacuum energy in this regard as described in the paper “Effects of Vacuum Fluctuation Suppression on Atomic Decay Rates”.
At: http://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.1638v1.pdf
Longview, I have just revealed the tip of the iceberg to you. Here is a preview of more.
Science has discovered how another part of the LENR mechanism functions: how the movement of polaritons inside of EMF soliton can produce a dark mode that is an effective EMF black hole. The absence of EMF radiation is the result of the current being divided between two different components, a conventional electric dipole (this is the plasmon in the SPP) and a toroidal dipole (this is the polariton in an SPP) (associated with poloidal current configuration), which produce identical fields at a distance.
If these two configurations are out of phase then the radiation will be cancelled out, even though the electromagnetic fields are non-zero in the area close to the currents.
This also expains how SPPs are dark matter.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2015-08-t…nless-revolution.html#jCp
Futhermore, nanovortices have mass.
http://phys.org/news/2015-02-nanovortices.html
This has profound implications for the characterization of cosmic LENR. There is evidence that space is filled with excited hydrogen and helium. These vast areas between galaxies form dusty plasma that produce extreme ultraviolet light and soft x-rays to the tune of 400% above any possible celestial body source.
http://phys.org/news/2014-07-c…nting-reveals-crisis.html
Cosmic accounting reveals missing light crisis
Another clue in the ubiquitous intergalactic soliton based LENR process that occurs through intergalactic space as dark matter has now appeared. There is 400% more extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light in intergalactic space than can be accounted for from other energetic XUV light sources like black holes and young hot stars.
Space is filled with hydrogen covered dust that produces XUV as well as to serve as a source of dark matter which provides gravity that keeps galaxies from flying apart.
Intergalactic dust clouds support the LENR active soliton based XUV factories that upshift heat and gamma photons into the XUV spectrum range.
Some quotes from the article:
"Either our accounting of the light from galaxies and quasars is very far off, or there's some other major source of ionizing photons that we've never recognized," Kollmeier said. "We are calling this missing light the photon underproduction crisis.
"The most exciting possibility is that the missing photons are coming from some exotic new source, not galaxies or quasars at all,"
Isn’t ironic that this new exotic source of XUV photons is one of their most hated and ridiculed pseudoscience concepts: the LENR process.
Continuing further, the dark matter inside galaxies behave as if this strange stuff was coherent and exist in a huge galaxy wide BEC.
So dark matter must be SPPs
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0805.3827.pdf
BEC dark matter can explain collisions of galaxy clusters
<snip>
we have reinterpreted cold dark matter as a Bose-Einstein condensate". So, "the ultra-light bosons forming the condensate share the same quantum wave function, so disturbance patterns are formed on astronomic scales in the form of large-scale waves".
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2014-07-reinterpreting-dark.html#jCp
<End snip>
Why invent a new particle when SPPs can fit all the requirements of dark matter.
One thing that this idea will imply is that light gains mass when it becomes entangled with electrons.
Light and electrons could be entangled on a cosmological large scale to form a polariton BEC soliton much as they do in LENR.
Polaritons are supposed to be almost massless forming bosons, but are they? .
In NiH reactor will be a great test bed to explore the polariton BEC in understanding dark matter cosmology more deeply.
I had conjectured that Cosmic LENR had mass and it was in fact the source of the mass attributed to dark matter. Well "nanovortices have mass experiment" is the experiment that shows that nano vortices which includes LENR associated vortices have mass.
How is the mass produced? The superconductivity of the “EMF black hole” slows down photons below light speed in the same way that the Higgs mechanism produces mass in the electron. The higgs mechanism and the SPP (EMF black hole) are essenually the same, and example of parallelism in that both produce mass in massless particles.
There is the lithium problem that is solved by rydberg matter and the LENR reaction.
https://www.newscientist.com/a…ings-the-lithium-problem/
SNIP
When we count up the lithium atoms held in stars, there is only one-third as much of the lithium-7 isotope as there should be. Another isotope, lithium-6, is overabundant: there may be as much as 1000 times too much of it.
ENDSNIP
We know from the Lugano test that lithium 7 readily gives its neutron away to form lithium 6
And per Dr. G. Miley, who explains how most of the elements in the universe are produced by the LENR reaction.
I suppose by this you are suggesting that is the limiting step in the process?
It does not seem very compelling at this stage. That is to say, how rare are such nanoparticles?
Now if you make a compelling case that they (alkali metal nanoparticles) are the essential ingredient, then I would suggest to make that the subject of research focus (and I suppose some already have....?). Alkali metal nanoparticles themselves do not sound too difficult, since vapors of K, Na etc. are easily made. Positioning them in /on a transition metal catalyst might be an issue.
Holmlid is the authority on Rydberg matter production. But his technology is not compatible with infrared stimulation. I has given replicators the mechanism on how to produce rydberg matter here on this site but no one has taken it seriously.
Deflation took my advice back in 2011 when I recommended the use of potassium carbide as the catalyst that would generate hydrogen based rydberg matter compatible with infrared photons. Defkalion was successful.
I have since recommended the addition of hydrogen to potassium carbide as an alternative to LAH. I will repeat that post for your convinence as follows:
==========
Reference:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.390.4631&rep=rep1&type=pdf
A novel model for the interpretation of the unidentified infrared (UIR)
bands from interstellar space: deexcitation of Rydberg Matter
I have been looking for ways to optimize production of Rydberg matter whose generation is discribed by Lief Holmlid in the reference above and except below.
We now report on a model in
which all UIR bands are due to electronic deexcitation in the
condensed phase named Rydberg Matter. This type of very low density
condensed matter is formed by condensation of Rydberg
states of almost any type of atom or small molecule, in space
mainly hydrogen atoms and molecules. The intial formation of
Rydberg states is due to desorption of alkali atoms from surfaces
of small particles, especially carbon particles. This desorption
can be caused by radiation or moderate heat and gives long lived
circular Rydberg states. Rydberg Matter can be produced
in macroscopic quantities in the laboratory.
To meet this method of rydberg matter production using carbon based generation capability as suggested above, I looked for a chemical compound that would be superior to (LAH; Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate) that contained Carbon to enhance Rydberg matter production, an Alkali metal. and Hydrogen. I assumed that replacing aluminum with carbon would make a better catalyst for producing Rydberg matter. My search for a replacement led to two alkkali compounds in the same family as follows:
lithium hydrogen acetylide Li HC2
potassium hydrogen acetylide KHC2
See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylide
When these acetylides are heated, hydrogen is released, then the alkali metal is released from the carbon as the temperature rises. After the release of hydrogen, potassium/lithium carbide is formed. Potassium carbide was the active LENR material in the DGT reaction. In the old days, this stuff was used in miners lanterns to produce illuminating gas when water was added.
As a disclaimer, I am not a chemist, so I don’t know the toxicity and explosion risks of these compounds. Please help here.
IMHO, to test the Rydberg matter cause of LENR, a series of tests using one or both of these Acetylide based compounds might be worth a try.
You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink...it might be a patent thing.
The key to successful LENR engineering is the ability for the system to produce alkali element based nanoparticles (Rydberg matter including hydrogen) continually to replace the particles that are destroyed by transmutation.
Regarding:
"For reactions, such as LENR, the lifetime of any participating reactive intermediates such as polaritons, should be an issue. I will concede this: that if more than one energy of polariton is required in a multi-step process, then an incoherent source is the only easy way to provide such a plurality of energies"
Success in LENR requires that a broad range of micro and nanoparticle sizes are required to support "gear mode amplification".
These particles of many sizes will each receive their own tuned resonant EMF frequency as an unique antenna of a particular dimension. A single frequency will restrict the number of particles by resonant size that will receive power from the ambient EMF background.
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1405/1405.1657.pdf
Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale
Out of all the references I can suggest to you, this one is the most descriptive of the nanoparticle production of SPPs.
Note on page 2 continued at the top of 3
The electric field enhancement is a manifestation of the resonant excitation of collective oscillations of free charge carriers in some materials (e.g., free electrons in metals) by the external light sources or embedded emitters. In the language of quantum mechanics, this process can be explained as the excitation of plasmons (quanta of plasma oscillations). The collective dynamics of plasmons is driven by 3 the long-range correlations caused by Coulomb forces, and can be drastically modified by engineering the boundaries of the spatial region filled by electron plasma. In particular, bulk plasmons confined in thin metal films can couple with photons to create surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves [22]. On the other hand, illumination-induced collective response of plasmons confined in nanoparticles is manifested in the excitation of quantized localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes with different angular momenta [23].
SPPs can last as long for hundreds of picoseconds. SPPs acquire additional energy by positive feedback of nuclear fusion energy and they store it as EMF, they release this energy via bosenova(as per Dr. Kim) whereupon the reestablish rapidly.
Axil is good. Real good, in what he does.
Though spilling utter crap is not very difficult.
But he is consistent, so maybe that will turn imaginary realities upside down.
I am more than good, I am correct. For a change of pace from bababa, you might try logic, research, and references to disprove my contention.
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1308/1308.0547.pdf
In recent research, read how evanescent waves convert light into EMF that drives dipole motion forming the basic power source for the LENR reaction.
Regarding:
"A hot wire coil and accompanying infra-red in an E-Cat are surely not inducing any kind of SPR or Evanescent Wave."
Surface plasmon polaritons are surely produced by Evanescent Waves. The infrared EMF range are optimal for SPP production when nickel is used as the reflective substrate. Lasers are ineffective in producing the dipole motion necessary for the generation of SPPs because laser light is a plane wave.
Schematic representation of evanescent waves propagating along a metal-dielectric interface. The charge density oscillations, when associated with electromagnetic fields, are called surface plasmon-polariton waves. The exponential dependence of the electromagnetic field intensity on the distance away from the interface is shown on the right. These waves can be excited very efficiently with light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
I claim that all LENR reactions in one way or another involve the generation of polaritons, a hybrid of light and electrons that are produced by a plasmonic mechanism. The most prominent mechanism in this process is nanoparticle aggregation. Rydberg matter is just a nanowire type of particle that produces polaritons. The ultra dense compression of hydrogen is an false theory of how the Holmlid reaction works. The "dark mode" polariton soliton is the fundamental cause of most LENR reactions, even biological reactions.
This is very interesting. I just want to know what energy these very fast electrons require and how they make this very dense deuterium.
Would it be Reidberg matter at the surface of nickel particles due to surface plasmons activated by the laser (what energy?)?
Maybe the university can also show their test facility in which they initiated this reaction.
The iron must be doped with a alkali metal such as potassium. This alkali metal provides a template for the growth of hydrogen based Rydberg matter through a process called Rydberg blockade. Lithium will also serve the same function. This quantum entanglement based crystal growth process is similar to how carbon nanotubes are produced. I recommend a carbon based potassium compound like potassium carbide as a rydberg matter based “secret sause” amplifier of the LENR reaction.
See
http://www.nature.com/nphys/jo…v11/n2/abs/nphys3214.html
Regarding:
"Incoherent light photons (non-laser) are unlikely to ever drive a surface plasmon resonance (SPR), but low powered lasers would be hard pressed to reach the photon flux density necessary to set up a substantial evanescent wave (EW)."
This statement flies in the face of Rossi's E-Cat process which is driven by the incoherent infrared power produced by a wire coil electric heater. In fact, lasers are not even ideal for supporting the antenna mechanism that captures EMF from the ambient and converts that power to dipole motion.
This is very interesting. I just want to know what energy these very fast electrons require and how they make this very dense deuterium.
Would it be Reidberg matter at the surface of nickel particles due to surface plasmons activated by the laser (what energy?)?
Maybe the university can also show their test facility in which they initiated this reaction.
Very dense deuterium is a misnomer. What is at play here are nanoparticles of hydrogen; a solid form of hydrogen. That is what makes rydberg matter dense. The same thing is true for water crystals in cavitation.
The Holmlid reaction is a muon driven LENR reaction and not a laser driven hot nuclear fusion reaction.
Holmlid has seen muons produced inside his reactor when light from fluorescent bulbs in his lab lit the iridium metal that had iron oxide doped with potassium spread on its surface. This type of light has green, blue, and UV wave length components. Fluorescent lights are only 86% efficient in converting UV into visible light(1). Therefore, this type of light source produces UV. UV is reflected to a maximum extent by iridium. This refection efficiency is the key to plasmonic power generation. In this Holmlid LENR process, The nanoplasmonic reaction is therefore maximized in the UV wave lengths when iridium is used as the substrate metal. A key LENR design consideration is matching the substrate metal and its associated reflective light characteristics with the type of light used as a stimulator.
With these facts in mind, Holmlid does not need a laser to stimulate his reaction, he could just as well use a more cost effective high intensity UV LEDs to produce the UV light that can stimulate the generation of muons. His laser produces green light(532 nm). Otherwise, Holmlid could apply more photon power as input into his reaction by using a UV laser.
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